A synthesis of phosphorylated dioxohexahydropyrimidines from <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>,<Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>′-dimethylurea,activated acetylenes,and trialkyl phosphites

An efficient synthesis of alkyl 5-(dialkoxy- phosphoryl)-1,3-dimethyl-2, 6-dioxo-hexahydropyrimidine-4-carboxylates is described. This involves the reaction of N,N′-dimethylurea and dialkyl acetylendicarboxylates in the presence of trialkyl phosphites. Under similar conditions, triphenyl phosphite led to alkyl 5-(diphenoxyphosphoryl)-1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-hexahydro-4-pyrimidinecarboxylates.     

Temperature-dependent resonant tunneling in disordered quasi-one-dimensional <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>–<Emphasis Type="Italic">I</Emphasis>–<Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis> junctions

Formulas are obtained for the current–voltage characteristics and conductance of a quasi-one-dimensional N–I–N junction (where N is an ordinary metal and I is an insulator) with quantum resonance percolation trajectories (QRPTs) in a disordered I-layer at temperatures T > 0 K and the energy of local single-impurity electron level being equal to the Fermi energy ε₀ = ε_F. Under these conditions, the impact QRPTs have on the current through the junctions weakens as the temperature grows, and the conductance drops; this is in contrast to the rise in conductance of an empty junction (with no impurities in the I-layer).     

Process <Emphasis Type="Italic">γ</Emphasis>*<Emphasis Type="Italic">γ</Emphasis> → <Emphasis Type="Italic">σ</Emphasis> at large virtuality of <Emphasis Type="Italic">γ</Emphasis>*

The process γ*γ → σ is investigated in the framework of the SU(2)×SU(2) chiral NJL model. The form factor of the process is derived for arbitrary virtuality of γ* in the Euclidean kinematic domain. The asymptotic behavior of this form factor resembles the asymptotic behavior of the γ*γ → π form factor.     

The Analytical Solution of Charged Black Hole and Calculation of Quantities (<Emphasis Type="Italic">T</Emphasis>,<Emphasis Type="Italic">s</Emphasis>,<Emphasis Type="Italic">f</Emphasis>)

One of the most remarkable features of black hole is the connection between properties of the classical solutions and thermodynamics. We include the electric and magnetic charges and this lead us to resolve Einstein equations. We obtain thermodynamic properties, such as temperature, entropy density and speed of sound with analytical solution. In that case we characterize equation of state in to V(φ) language.     

Contribution of final-state interaction to the branching ratio of <Emphasis Type="Italic">B</Emphasis>→<Emphasis Type="Italic">J</Emphasis>/<Emphasis Type="Italic">ψ</Emphasis><Emphasis Type="Italic">D</Emphasis>

To test the validity of perturbative QCD (pQCD) and investigate its range of application, one should look for a suitable process. B→J/ψ D is a promising candidate. The linear momentum of the products is relatively small, so that there may exist a region where exchanged gluons are soft and the perturbative treatment may fail, so that the non-perturbative effect would be significant. We attribute such non-perturbative QCD effects to the long-distance final-state interaction (FSI) which is estimated in this work. We find that the contribution from the FSI to the branching ratio is indeed sizable and may span the rather wide range of 10⁻⁶∼10⁻⁵ and cover a region where the pQCD prediction is of the same order. A more accurate measurement of its branching ratio may provide important information about the application region of pQCD and help to clarify the picture of inelastic rescattering (i.e. FSI), which is generally believed to play an important role in B decays.     

Ground State of <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis> Coupled Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations in <Emphasis Type="Italic">R</Emphasis><Superscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis></Superscript>,<Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>≤3

We establish some general theorems for the existence and nonexistence of ground state solutions of steady-state N coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations. The sign of coupling constants β _ij ’s is crucial for the existence of ground state solutions. When all β _ij ’s are positive and the matrix Σ is positively definite, there exists a ground state solution which is radially symmetric. However, if all β _ij ’s are negative, or one of β _ij ’s is negative and the matrix Σ is positively definite, there is no ground state solution. Furthermore, we find a bound state solution which is non-radially symmetric when N=3.     

The anisotropic cosmological models in <Emphasis Type="Italic">f</Emphasis>(<Emphasis Type="Italic">R</Emphasis>, <Emphasis Type="Italic">T</Emphasis>) gravity with <Emphasis Type="Italic">Λ(T)</Emphasis>

The rare decay \(B\rightarrow {K^{*}}\ell ^+\ell ^-\) is a very significant mode to search for physics beyond the Standard Model (SM). The mode provides a very rich spectrum of observables obtained from the angular distribution of its decay products. The recent LHCb measured values of these observables are used to conclude an evidence of right-handed currents at the kinematic endpoint of this decay mode. As the conclusion is drawn at the maximum dilepton invariant mass square (\(q^2\)) kinematic endpoint, it relies only on heavy quark symmetries where it is valid without significant corrections.     

The cusp effect in <Emphasis Type="Italic">η</Emphasis>′→<Emphasis Type="Italic">η</Emphasis><Emphasis Type="Italic">π</Emphasis><Emphasis Type="Italic">π</Emphasis> decays

Strong final-state interactions create a pronounced cusp in η′→η π ⁰ π ⁰ decays. We adapt and generalize the non-relativistic effective field theory framework developed for the extraction of π π scattering lengths from K→3π decays to this case. The cusp effect is predicted to have an effect of more than 8% on the decay spectrum below the π ⁺ π ⁻ threshold.     

Spectroscopic Studies of Fluorescent Dye <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>, <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>′- bis(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-benzylidene)-1,2-ethanediamine and its DNA Complex in Solution

Absorption and fluorescence emission properties of an N-salicylideneamine fluorescent dye molecule N, N-bis(2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzylidene)-1,2-ethanediamine (1) have been studied in three typical solvents—2-methylbutane, ethanol, dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), and its DNA complex in methanol/H₂O mixed solvent. The normal absorption band of 1 is observed in both aprotic and protic solvents and has been assigned to the l a transition in the enol form of 1. The long-wavelength absorption band of 1, which is caused by the formation of a cis-keto species in the ground state, is absent in aprotic solvents, but is observable in protic ones. Normal fluorescence emission from the excited enol state of 1 is obtained only when the normal absorption band is excited, while the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) emissions from both cis- and trans-keto species are recorded in all cases, being acceptable for the variation of the relative emission intensities. A preliminary spectroscopic study of the 1–DNA complex indicates an intercalation-binding mode, the convincing supporting evidence being the enhanced ESIPT fluorescence intensity of 1 when complexed with DNA. Finally, a universal energy-state diagram is given to interpret the experimental results.     

Minimal representations of supersymmetry and 1<Emphasis Type="Italic">D N</Emphasis>-Extended <Emphasis Type="Italic">σ</Emphasis> models

We discuss the minimal representations of the 1D N-Extended Supersymmetry algebra (the Z ₂-graded symmetry algebra of the Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics) linearly realized on a finite number of fields depending on a real parameter t, the time. Their knowledge allows to construct onedimensional sigma-models with extended off-shell supersymmetries without using superfields.     

Astrophysical S-factor of some (<Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>, <Emphasis Type="Italic">γ</Emphasis>) Reactions

We have studied the important astrophysical S-factor for 36 known p-nuclei with (p, γ) reactions at low energy in the mass region A\(\approx \) 74–196. This is done by folding the density-dependent M3Y (DDM3Y) interaction with spherical relativistic mean field (RMF) densities. The densities are obtained from different parameter sets such as G1, G2, NL1, NL2, NL3*, NL-SH, DD-ME1, DD-ME2 and DD-PC1. The independence of the S-factor on different densities is discussed and compared with experimental data and with NON-SMOKER calculations whenever available.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">α</Emphasis>-cluster and <Emphasis Type="Italic">α</Emphasis>-binucleon states of 1<Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-shell nuclei

States that exhibit the properties of an α-cluster or an α-binucleon condensate are studied in 1p-shell nuclei. The generalized Hamiltonian of the Elliott SU(3) model is used to classify these states and to calculate their spectra. The results of the calculations are found to be in good agreement with experimental data. States not observed so far in the cluster spectra of the ¹²C, ¹⁶O, ¹⁰Be, and ¹²Be nuclei are predicted.     

Revised Spherically Symmetric Solutions of <Emphasis Type="Italic">R</Emphasis>+<Emphasis Type="Italic">ε</Emphasis>/<Emphasis Type="Italic">R</Emphasis> Gravity

We study spherically symmetric static empty space solutions in R+ε/R model of f(R) gravity. We show that the Schwarzschild metric is an exact solution of the resulted field equations and consequently there are general solutions which are perturbed Schwarzschild metric and viable for solar system. Our results for large scale contains a logarithmic term with a coefficient producing a repulsive gravity force which is in agreement with the positive acceleration of the universe.     

Measurement of nuclear-modification factors for <Emphasis Type="Italic">π</Emphasis><Superscript>0</Superscript>, <Emphasis Type="Italic">η</Emphasis>, and <Emphasis Type="Italic">ϕ</Emphasis> mesons and protons in heavy-ion interactions in the PHENIX experiment

Light hadrons provide a convenient tool for studying the properties of hot and dense media formed in central collisions of relativistic heavy nuclei. The results obtained in the PHENIX experiment at the relativistic heavy-ion collider (RHIC, Brookhaven National Laboratory, USA) by measuring nuclearmodification factors for light hadrons in various colliding systems (pp, dAu, CuCu, and AuAu) at the c.m. energies of √s _NN = 62.4 and 200 GeV are presented.     

Transversity and T-odd PDFs from Drell–Yan processes with <Emphasis Type="Italic">pp</Emphasis>, <Emphasis Type="Italic">pD</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">DD</Emphasis> collisions

We estimate the single-spin asymmetries (SSA) which provide the access to transversity as well as to Boer–Mulders and Sivers PDFs via investigation of the single-polarized Drell–Yan (DY) processes with pp, pD and DD collisions available to RHIC, NICA, COMPASS, and J-PARC. The feasibility of these SSA is studied with the new generator of polarized DY events. The estimations performed demonstrate that there exist kinematical regions where SSA are presumably measurable. Most useful for PDFs extraction are the limiting kinematical ranges, where one can neglect the sea PDFs contributions which occur at large values of the Bjorken variable x. It is of interest that, contrary to the Sivers PDF, the transversity PDF is presumably accessible only in a particular kinematical region. Contrary to the option with the symmetric collider mode (RHIC, NICA), this is of importance for the COMPASS experiment and the future J-PARC facility, where the fixed-target mode is available.     

Effect of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Z′</Emphasis>-mediated flavor-changing neutral current on <Emphasis Type="Italic">B</Emphasis> → <Emphasis Type="Italic">ππ</Emphasis> decays

We study the effect of Z′-mediated flavor-changing neutral current on the B → ππ decays. The branching ratios of these decays can be enhanced remarkably in the nonuniversal Z′ model. Our estimated branching ratios B(B ⁰ → π ⁰ π ⁰) are enhanced significantly from their standard model (SM) value. For g′/g = 1, the branching ratios B(B ⁰ → π ⁰ π ⁰) are very close to the recently observed experimental values and for higher values of g′/g branching ratios are more. Our calculated branching ratios B(B ⁰ → π ⁺ π ^?) and B(B ⁺ → π ⁺ π ⁰) are also enhanced from the SM value as well as the recently observed experimental values. These enhancements of branching ratios from their SM value give the possibility of new physics.