乙炔黑修饰电极上吡虫啉的电化学行为及测定

制备了乙炔黑修饰电极(AB/GCE),并用循环伏安法(CV)研究了吡虫啉(IDP)在该修饰电极上的循环伏安行为。在pH 9.0的NH3.H2O-NH4Cl缓冲液中,IDP在该电极上出现一不可逆的还原峰。在20～240mV/s扫速范围内,其还原峰电流(Ipc)与扫速平方根(v1/2)呈线性关系,表明该电极过程受扩散控制。计算了电极过程的部分动力学参数:电极有效面积为0.0635cm2,转移电子数为2,扩散系数为3.793×10-3cm2/s。运用方波伏安法测定不同浓度IDP的方波伏安曲线,还原峰电流Ipc与IDP浓度在7.0×10-7～8.0×10-5mol/L范围内呈良好线性关系(r=0.9975),检出限为2.29×10-7mol/L,加标回收率为93.5%～105.3%。     

聚磷钼酸/乙炔黑修饰电极上乙萘酚的电化学行为及测定

制备了聚磷钼酸/乙炔黑修饰电极(PMA/AB/GCE),用循环伏安法(CV)研究了乙萘酚(EN)在该电极上的循环伏安行为。在pH 5.5的HAc-NaAc缓冲液中,EN在该修饰电极上出现一明显的氧化峰。在60~300 mV/s扫速范围内,其氧化峰电流(I pa)与扫速平方根(v1/2)呈线性关系,表明该电极过程是受扩散控制的不可逆过程。计算电极过程的部分动力学参数:电极有效面积为0.122 cm2,质子数与电子数均为1,扩散系数为D为9.64×10-5cm2/s。运用方波伏安法测定不同浓度EN的方波伏安曲线,结果表明氧化峰电流与EN浓度在9.0×10-7~1.0×10-4mol/L范围内呈良好线性关系(r=0.992),检出限(S/N=3)为6.35×10-7mol/L,加标回收率为92.8%~102.8%。     

氯霉素在p-PTA/CS-AB/GCE修饰电极上的电化学行为及测定

制备了聚磷钨酸/壳聚糖-乙炔黑修饰电极(p-PTA/CS-AB/GCE),采用循环伏安法(CV)研究了氯霉素在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。结果表明,在p H 6.0的PBS溶液中,氯霉素(CAP)在该修饰电极上出现1个还原峰,在40~400 m V/s扫速范围内,CAP的还原峰电流与扫速呈线性关系,说明CAP在修饰电极上的电化学反应过程是受吸附控制的不可逆过程。用差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)对不同浓度的CAP进行检测,在5.0×10-7~1.0×10-4mol/L浓度范围内,还原峰电流与浓度呈线性关系,检出限(S/N=3)为5.13×10-8mol/L。用该方法对氯霉素片进行检测,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.4%,回收率为97.7%~105.1%。     

石墨烯/聚硫堇膜修饰玻碳电极上沙丁胺醇的电化学行为研究

采用循环伏安法和差分脉冲伏安法研究了沙丁胺醇在石墨烯/聚硫堇修饰玻碳电极上的电化学行为,该电化学传感器对沙丁胺醇显示出良好的电化学响应。在pH 7.0,扫描范围为-0.6~0.4 V,扫速为80 mV/s条件下,沙丁胺醇的氧化峰电流与其浓度在3.1×10-7~8.5×10-5mol/L范围内呈良好线性关系,检出限达9.6×10-8mol/L。结果显示石墨烯/聚硫堇修饰玻碳电极具有良好的重现性和稳定性。     

香兰素在AB/PABSA/GCE修饰电极上的电化学行为及测定

采用电聚合和滴涂法制备了乙炔黑/聚对氨基苯磺酸修饰电极(AB/PABSA/GCE),并用交流阻抗法(EIS)进行了表征,运用循环伏安法(CV)对实验条件进行优化后,研究了香兰素(Van)在AB/PABSA/GCE上的电化学行为。结果表明,在p H 7.0的PBS溶液中,Van在该修饰电极上有1个氧化峰,无还原峰,在40~300 m V/s扫速范围内,Van氧化峰电流与扫速呈线性关系,说明Van在该电极上的电化学反应过程是受吸附控制的不可逆过程。该反应过程中电子转移数及参加反应的质子数均为2,电极有效面积A=0.065 7cm2,扩散系数D=1.557×10-3cm2/s,反应物吸附量Γ=2.249×10-8mol/cm2。采用计时电流法(CA)对不同浓度的Van进行测定,结果发现在5~460μmol/L浓度范围内,氧化峰电流与浓度呈良好的线性关系(r=-0.998 5),检出限为2.09×10-7mol/L。运用该方法对巧克力样品进行了检测,回收率为93.0%~114.2%。     

聚L-组氨酸/乙炔黑修饰电极上对乙酰氨基酚的电化学行为及测定

制备了聚L-组氨酸/乙炔黑修饰电极(Poly-(L-His)/AB/GCE),并用交流阻抗法(EIS)对其进行了表征。用循环伏安法(CV)研究了对乙酰氨基酚(PCT)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。在p H 6.5的B-R溶液中,PCT在该修饰电极上出现一对氧化还原峰,在40~320 m V/s扫速范围内,氧化峰电流(Ipa)及还原峰电流(Ipc)均与扫速V呈线性关系,表明该电极过程受吸附控制。用差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)测定不同浓度的PCT溶液,在8.0×10-7~1.0×10-4mol/L浓度范围内,氧化峰电流Ipa与PCT浓度呈线性关系,检出限(S/N=3)为7.72×10-8mol/L。运用该方法对样品感冒灵颗粒进行了检测,回收率为97.8%~105.2%。     

石墨烯夹心式聚中性红修饰电极电催化氧化多巴胺的研究

用滴涂法和两步电化学聚合法制备了一种石墨烯夹心式聚中性红修饰电极(PNR/GN/GCE),并用循环伏安法、微分脉冲伏安法和交流阻抗法表征了该复合物膜的电化学行为。石墨烯夹心式聚中性红复合物薄膜提高了电极表面的电子转移速率,薄膜结合牢固,电催化氧化作用明显。在p H 5的磷酸缓冲溶液中,选择扫速0.1 V/s,多巴胺的氧化峰电位相比裸玻碳电极负移了103 m V,峰电流增加7倍,检出限达到4.9×10-9mol/L(S/N=3),氧化峰电流与多巴胺浓度在1.6×10-8~2.0×10-6mol/L范围内现良好的线性关系,相关系数R=0.994。     

磷钨酸/乙炔黑修饰电极上的阿昔洛韦电化学行为及其测定

本文制备了磷钨酸/乙炔黑修饰电极(PTA/AB/GCE),用循环伏安法(CV)研究了阿昔洛韦(ACV)在该修饰电极上的循环伏安行为。结果表明在pH 6.0的磷酸盐缓冲液中,ACV在该修饰电极上出现一明显的氧化峰。在60～220mV.s-1扫速范围内,其氧化峰电流(Ipa)与扫速平方根(v1/2)呈线性关系,表明该电极过程是受扩散控制的不可逆过程。计算了电极过程的部分动力学参数:电极有效面积为0.06902cm2,转移电子数为2,扩散系数为2.063×10-6cm2.s-1。运用方波溶出伏安法测定不同浓度ACV的方波溶出伏安曲线,结果表明氧化峰电流(Ipa)与ACV浓度在7.8×10-7～1.0×10-4mol.L-1范围内呈良好线性关系(r=0.9924),检出限(S/N=3)为3.1×10-7mol.L-1,加标回收率为95.69%～107.2%。     

乙萘酚在纳米银/壳聚糖-乙炔黑复合修饰电极上的电化学行为及测定

制备了纳米银/壳聚糖(AgCS)与乙炔黑(AB)复合修饰电极(AgCS-AB/GCE),用紫外可见分光光度法、扫描电镜法对AgCS进行表征,用交流阻抗法对不同电极进行表征,用循环伏安法(CV)研究了乙萘酚(β-N)在AgCS-AB/GCE上的循环伏安行为。结果表明,在pH 6.5的PBS缓冲液中,β-N在该修饰电极上出现一明显氧化峰,在60~240 mV/s扫速范围内,β-N的氧化峰电流(I pa)与对应扫速平方根(v1/2)呈良好的线性关系,表明β-N在该电极上的电化学过程为受扩散控制的不可逆过程。计算了电极过程的动力学参数,运用方波伏安法测定不同浓度β-N的方波伏安曲线,结果表明β-N的氧化峰电流与其浓度在3.0×10-7~2.0×10-4mol/L范围内呈良好线性关系(r=0.996),检出限(S/N=3)为1.24×10-7mol/L,加标回收率为99%~105%。     

乙炔黑-离子液体复合修饰电极上阿昔洛韦的电化学行为研究

采用乙炔黑(Acetylene Black,AB)和离子液体(1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐[BMIM]PF6)作为复合修饰材料,制备乙炔黑-离子液体复合修饰电极(AB-[BMIM]PF6/GCE)。用红外光谱法对AB-[BMIM]PF6/GCE进行表征,用循环伏安法(CV)研究阿昔洛韦(ACV)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。实验结果表明,在pH=4.70的磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)中,ACV在该修饰电极上出现一氧化峰。在20~280mV/s扫速范围内,氧化峰电流与扫速平方根呈线性关系,表明该电极过程是受扩散控制。电极过程的部分动力学参数分别为:电极有效面积0.076cm2,转移电子数2,扩散系数1.817×10-4 cm2/s。用方波伏安法(SWV)测定一系列不同浓度的ACV溶液,结果表明其氧化峰电流与ACV浓度在7.0×10-7~1.0×10-4 mol/L范围内呈良好线性关系,相关系数为0.993,检出限(S/N=3)为2.30×10-7 mol/L,加标回收率为95.0%~105.6%。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.