激光光散射研究丙烯酰胺-二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵共聚物的溶液行为

用激光光散射技术表征了阳离子含量受控的丙烯酰胺 二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵共聚物 (简称P(AM DMDAAC) )在 0 1mol LNaCl溶液中的基本参数和溶液行为 .表观基本参数 : Mw ,app =5 0 4× 10 5g·mol- 1 、app =39 9nm和A2 ,APP =1 5× 10 - 4cm3·mol·g- 2 .动态光散射研究结果表明 ,扩散系数Dt 与角度、浓度皆呈非线性依赖关系 ,当C >C 或在较大的散射角域 ,Dt 偏离线性关系所预示的理论值而向减小的方向发展 ,表明存在缔合物 ;流体力学半径Rh 分布有大、小两个范围 ,并随温度升高向小尺寸方向发展 ,证明了体系中存在缔合行为以及升温的解缔合作用 .在一定条件下 ,“亚稳定性”的存在有力地旁证了体系的缔合行为     

聚(丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸)/聚(丙烯酰胺-二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵)分子复合型聚合物驱油剂的增粘作用

通过Brookfield粘度测定及室内岩心驱油试验评定,研究了聚(丙烯酰胺－丙烯酸)/聚(丙烯酸胺－二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵)[P(AM－AA)/P(AM－DMDAAC)]分子复合型聚合物驱油剂的增粘、抗温、抗盐性及其驱油效果.结果表明：聚合物组成一定时,其复合比影响溶液复合增粘效果;复合型聚合物溶液的抗盐性明显优于P(AM－AA)溶液的抗盐性;多价金属离子的加入是提高溶液抗盐性的有效途径.该驱油剂的最终采收率达61.91％.     

Rh（100）c（2×2）Mn表面合金的氧化和吸附CO的研究

用高分辨电子能量损失谱 ( HREEL S) ,研究了 Rh( 10 0 ) c( 2× 2 ) Mn表面合金的氧化及 CO在清洁和氧化表面合金上的吸附 .结果表明 ,在 Rh( 10 0 ) c( 2× 2 ) Mn氧化过程中 ,发生 Mn的偏析 ,Mn被氧化生成 Mn O薄层 .Mn- O- Rh间的强相互作用 ,使部分锰氧化物在 12 0 0 K下存在于 Rh( 10 0 )表面 .若这种表面在 70 0～ 80 0 K继续被氧化 ,可得到 Mn O1 + x/ Rh( 10 0 ) ;Mn O1 + x/ Rh( 10 0 )在 5 0 0～ 60 0 K还原后生成 Mn O/ Rh( 10 0 ) . CO吸附于Rh ( 10 0 ) c( 2× 2 ) Mn中 Rh原子的顶位 ,C- O键级比清洁 Rh( 10 0 )顶位吸附的 CO键级略低 . Mn O/ Rh( 10 0 )和Mn O1 + x/ Rh( 10 0 )上 CO吸附于经还原的、未被锰氧化物覆盖的 Rh( 10 0 )区域 ,CO与锰氧化物间可发生相互作用 .     

AM/AA/NAPA/NMQS两性离子共聚物的合成及表征

以丙烯酰胺(AM)、丙烯酸(AA)、N-烯丙基苯乙酰胺(NAPA)及N-甲基-N-烯丙基吗啉溴盐(NMQS)为原料,氧化还原体系下合成了一种水溶性两性离子共聚物AM/AA/NAPA/NMQS。最佳反应条件为:m(AM):m(AA)=4.0:6.0,NAPA 0.3 wt%,NMQS 0.15 wt%,引发剂0.1 wt%,pH=6,反应温度35℃,单体总浓度25wt%。对AM/AA/NAPA/NMQS四元共聚物进行了IR、1H NMR、SEM、特性粘数表征。当NaCl浓度为12000mg·L-1,CaCl2或MgCl2浓度为1200 mg·L-1时,溶液黏度保留率分别为13.7%、11.8%和12.7%;温度120℃时,溶液黏度保留率达到30.9%;当剪切速率在170 s-1时,溶液黏度保留率为24.6%。     

超大孔P(AA-co-AM)/PVA水凝胶的制备及吸附性能研究

采用泡沫分散聚合法,以饱和Na2CO3水溶液为发泡剂,过硫酸铵(APS)及NaHSO3为引发剂,N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)为交联剂,聚(氧化乙烯/氧化丙烯)(PF127)为泡沫稳定剂,丙烯酸(AA)和丙烯酰胺(AM)为单体,聚乙烯醇(PVA)为第二网络,制备超大孔半互穿水凝胶P(AA-co-AM)/PVA,并研究其对阳离子兰染料的吸附性能。研究表明,P(AA-co-AM)/PVA具有相互贯穿的超大孔结构;当n(AM):n(AA)=1.5:1,w(PVA)=1.6%时凝胶的平衡溶胀度达186.56g/g;凝胶具有很好的离子响应性,在蒸馏水中的平衡溶胀度为129.16g/g时,在0.1mol/L NaCl溶液中只有31.07g/g;对阳离子兰染料溶液的脱色率达92.17%,吸附容量达17.16mg/g。     

聚硼酸酯表面活性剂囊泡自发形成

通过直接引发聚合, 以偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂, 用N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺、硼酸三乙酯和N,N-二羟乙基十二烷基胺制备了聚硼酸酯(PMBE)表面活性剂, 用红外光谱、核磁共振谱和凝胶色谱对其结构进行了表征; 用透射电镜(TEM)研究了PMBE在纯水和0.1 mol/L NaCl水溶液中的自组装形态. 结果表明, PMBE在水和0.1 mol/L NaCl溶液中皆可自发形成聚合囊泡; 在水溶液中PMBE囊泡粒径约为20 nm, 而NaCl溶液中囊泡直径增大, 在150~250 nm之间, 分布较为均匀; 结合两亲性分子排列参数理论和一定的近似处理方法对PMBE聚合囊泡的形成机理进行了初步探讨.     

聚L-谷氨酸/石墨充蜡修饰电极测定多巴胺

用充蜡石墨电极 (WGE)在L 谷氨酸 (GA)无水乙醇溶液中恒电位于 1.6V(vs.SCE)氧化制备了一种聚GA修饰电极 (GA/WGE) ,该电极可用于肾上腺素 (EP)和抗坏血酸 (AA)共存下对多巴胺 (DA)的测定。该电极的灵敏度和选择性主要取决于阳极极化电位与极化时间、富集电位和溶液的pH。DA在该电极上呈现一对循环伏安峰 ,Em=0 .14 5V ,为 1电子 / 1质子的准可逆氧化还原过程。AA和EP也能够在电极上富集和催化氧化 ,伏安峰分别在 0 .30V和 0 .17V。当AA浓度小于 0 .1mmol/L时 ,电极对AA基本不响应 ,可以用DA的氧化峰电流做定量分析。线性范围为 2 .0× 10 -4～ 5 .0× 10 -7mol/L ;检出限为 2 .5× 10 -7mol/L。当AA的浓度较大或在AA、EP共存下 ,可利用DA氧化的再还原峰电流做定量分析。线性范围为 1.0× 10 -4～ 2 .5× 10 -6mol/L ;检出限为 7.5× 10 -7mol/L。该电极制作简便 ,重现性良好 ,定量结果也令人满意     

二维网状冠醚配合物——苯并15-冠-5、二苯并18-冠-6与Na_2[Pt(SCN)_6]配合物的合成与结构

合成了苯并 15 冠 5、二苯并 18 冠 6与Na2 [Pt(SCN) 6]的配合物 :[Na(B15 C 5 ) ]2 [Pt(SCN) 6](1) ,[Na(DB18 C 6 ) ]2 [Pt(SCN) 6](2 ) ,并通过元素分析、红外光谱、单晶X射线衍射进行了表征 .1为单斜晶系 ,空间群P2 1/c,a =1.0 974(5 )nm ,b =1.5 187(7)nm ,c=1.36 32 (6 )nm ,β =96 .40 7(7)°,V =2 .2 5 6 8(18)nm3 ,Z =2 ,Dcalcd=1.746g/cm3 ,F(0 0 0 ) =1184,R1=0 .0 35 7,wR2 =0 .0 86 8.2为三斜晶系 ,空间群P1- ,a =1.2 5 0 0 (3)nm ,b =1.2 82 5 (3)nm ,c=1.934 2 (4 )nm ,α=10 6 .82 (3)° ,β =10 2 .5 1(3)° ,γ =10 3.0 4(3)°,V =2 .75 6 2nm3 ,Z =2 ,Dcalcd=1.5 79g/cm3 ,F(0 0 0 ) =1316 ,R1=0 .0 36 4,wR2 =0 .0 771.配合物分别由两个 [Na(B15 C 5 ) ]+ ,[Na(DB18 C 6 ) ]+ 配阳离子和一个[Pt(SCN) 6]2 -配阴离子组成 .配阳离子和配阴离子通过Na—N键形成二维网状结构     

孪尾疏水缔合三元共聚物的粘度行为:水解度的影响

以十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)为表面活性剂,利用氧化还原体系、采用前加碱共聚-共水解的方法制备了孪尾疏水缔合水溶性三元共聚物聚(丙烯酰胺／丙烯酸钠／N,N-二己基丙烯酰胺)[P(AM/NaAA／DiC6AM)],研究了P(AM／NaAA／DiC6AM)稀溶液及亚浓溶液的性能。随理论水解度的增加,P(AM／NaAA／DiC6AM)水溶液的特性粘数[η]增加,Huggins常数KH减小。P(AM／NaAA／DiC6AM)水溶液的表现粘度随理论水解度的增加而增加,随温度、剪切速率的增加而降低,随剪切速率的增加开始时降低较快而后变化较小。P(AM／NaAA/DiC6AM)在盐溶液中随NaCl、CaCl2质量浓度的增加,出现盐增粘现象;理论水解度不同的P(AM／NaAA／DiC6AM)与SDS水溶液的表现粘度在wSDS=0．050～0．400g／L范围内随SDS质量浓度的变化差别不大。     

反相微乳液聚合法制备聚(丙烯酰胺-co-丙烯酸)pH敏感微凝胶及其性能

以丙烯酰胺(AM)和丙烯酸(AA)单体的水溶液为分散相,失水山梨醇单油酸脂(Span80)/聚氧乙烯失水山梨醇脂肪酸脂(Tween80)/异辛烷为分散介质,分别以N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)、过硫酸铵/亚硫酸氢钠((NH4)2S2O8/NaHSO3)为交联剂和氧化还原引发剂,在30℃进行反相微乳液聚合制备了一系列不同单体摩尔百分数的P(AM-co-AA)微凝胶.通过傅立叶红外光谱、浊度法、透射电镜(TEM)和动态光散射(DLS)等测试手段分别对微凝胶特征官能团的存在、pH敏感性、微观形态、粒径大小及粒径分布等进行表征分析.结果表明,共聚物中存在AM和AA结构单元;样品的TEM照片显示在原料中AA的摩尔百分数为60%时,P(AM-co-AA)微凝胶粒子的数均粒径为90 nm左右,呈现非规则球形;DLS结果表明,P(AM-co-AA)微凝胶与PAM微凝胶相比具有较宽的粒径分布,且随原料中AA摩尔百分数增加,粒径分布逐渐变宽;P(AM-co-AA)微凝胶具有良好的pH敏感性,敏感pH值与AA的解离常数有关,通过调节pH值可以迅速控制自身体积的溶胀与收缩.     

聚(丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸)/聚(丙烯酰胺-二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵)聚电解质复合溶液动态光散射研究

通过动态光散射、粘度和透光率测定，研究了聚（丙烯酰胺 丙烯酸）［Ｐ（ＡＭ ＡＡ）］／聚（丙烯酰胺 二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵）［Ｐ（ＡＭ ＤＭＤＡＡＣ）］聚电解质复合溶液的结构和性能．结果表明，Ｐ（ＡＭ ＡＡ）与Ｐ（ＡＭ ＤＭＤＡＡＣ）复合比、溶液浓度和氯化钠用量影响溶液中复合物的构象和流体力学半径．Ｐ（ＡＭ ＡＡ）与Ｐ（ＡＭ ＤＭＤＡＡＣ）分子链间适度的库仑相互作用，可形成均相Ｐ（ＡＭ ＡＡ）／Ｐ（ＡＭ ＤＭＤＡＡＣ）聚电解质复合溶液，复合物具有较伸展的构象和较大的流体力学半径，因而溶液粘度较高．Ｐ（ＡＭ ＡＡ）与Ｐ（ＡＭ ＤＭＤＡＡＣ）分子链间过强的库仑相互作用或小分子电解质的屏蔽作用，可使复合物构象卷曲，结构紧缩，流体力学半径减小，甚至产生相分离，导致溶液粘度降低．     

Preparation and properties of hyperbranched polymer containing functionalized Nano-SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> for low-moderate permeability reservoirs

A novel water-soluble hyperbranched polymer (AA/AM/SMNS) consisting of functionalized Nano-SiO₂ as the core was synthesized by free-radical polymerization for low-moderate permeability reservoirs. The AA/AM/SMNS was carefully characterized by spectroscopic and electronic technologies. It was found that the microscopic structures of AA/AM/SMNS was denser and more regular in comparison to the linear polymer HPAM. The hydrodynamic radius of AA/AM/SMNS was 197 nm, less than the HPAM radius of 244 nm with similar molecular weight, so that the AA/AM/SMNS had a good matching relationship with pore throat in midpermeability reservoirs (100–500 mD). Besides, the introduction of Nano-SiO₂ endowed the AA/AM/SMNS remarkable thermal stability, shear resistance and viscoelasticity. Based on core flooding experiments, the AA/AM/SMNS could build high resistance factor and residual resistance factor in the corresponding porous medium. Furthermore, the sheared AA/AM/SMNS solution of 1500 mg L–1 performed excellent oil recovery of 15.47% in the 300 mD porous medium, which suggested the hyperbranched polymer based on modified Nano-SiO₂ have a valuable prospect for enhancing oil recovery in low-moderate permeability reservoirs.     

三乙四胺六乙酸钆单核配合物的合成及晶体结构

在水溶液中合成了三乙四胺六乙酸(H₆ttha)钆单核配合物(NH₄)₂[Gd(Httha)]·6H₂O,获得了单晶,并测定了其结构.晶体属单斜晶系,P2₁/c空间群.晶胞参数a=1.0400(4)nm,b=1.2761(4)nm,c=2.3132(4)nm,β=90.89(3)°,V=3.070(2)nm³,Z=4,D_c=1.709g/cm³.R₁=0.0394,F(000)=1612.配合物是单核分子,每个钆离子与来自同一个三乙四胺六乙酸的4个氮原子和5个羧基氧原子配位,配位数为9,形成单帽四方反棱柱型配位多面体.     

Effect of Chemical Structure and Charge Distribution on Behavior of Polyzwitterions in Solution

Summary: The hydrodynamic and conformational properties of polyelectrolyte poly(N,N-diallyl-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride) and its corresponding polybetaine poly(2-diallyl(methyl)ammonio)acetate) molecules in aqueous solutions with various ionic strength and pH, were studied by viscometry, static and dynamic light scattering methods. It was established that a 1 M NaCl solution is a thermodynamically good solvent for poly(N,N-diallyl-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride). In water solutions conformation of poly(2-diallyl(methyl)ammonio)acetate) molecules corresponds to polymer coil under θ–conditions. An increase in the concentration of NaCl in water and 0.1M NaOH solutions from 0 to 1 mol/l brings about a sharp gain in the intrinsic viscosity of the polymer and in the hydrodynamic radius of molecules. This effect results from the decomposition of zwitterion pairs responsible for the compact conformation of polymer molecules in water and 0.1 M NaOH. The Kuhn segment length for poly(2-diallyl(methyl)ammonio)acetate) molecules A = 6.3 nm determined in water and in 0.1 M NaOH solutions practically coincided with A value 6.6 nm, received in 1 M NaCl and in 0.1 M NaOH/1M NaCl. For poly(N,N-diallyl-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride) molecules in 1 M NaCl solutions A = 3.9 nm.     

二(四氢糠基茚)稀土氯化物的合成及晶体结构

将四氢糠基茚锂分别与无水三氯化钇和无水三氯化钆以摩尔比2;1反应,除去不溶物和溶剂后,将产物在甲苯/THF中冷冻得到晶体(C₄H₇OCH₂C₉H₆)₂LnCl[Ln=Y(1);Ln=Gd(2)].这两种配合物都是单分子无溶剂化合物,在空气中稳定.配合物1和2的晶体结构都属于正交晶系,P2₁2₁2₁空间群,晶胞参数分别为a=1.04252(9)nm,b=1.47455(12)nm,c=1.49799(13)nm,Z=4,Dc=1.508g/cm³;a=1.03701(10)nm,b=1.47233(12)nm,c=1.51354(14)nm,Z=4,Dc=1.699g/cm³.它们的结构相似,但空间构象不同.稀土中心离子分别与两个茚中的五元环和两个氧原子及氯原子成键,形成九配位结构.     

微波辐照下无皂阳离子聚(St-MMA)高分子纳米粒子的制备和表征

讨论了微波辐照下 ,以丙酮 水为分散介质 ,利用阳离子型自由基引发剂偶氮二异丁基脒盐酸盐(AIBA)引发苯乙烯 (St)和甲基丙烯酸甲酯 (MMA)共聚 ,合成出表面带正电荷的P(St MMA)共聚物纳米粒子 ,考察了丙酮用量、单体和引发剂浓度对纳米粒子粒径、粒径分布和乳液稳定性的影响 .结果表明 ,丙酮 水的体积比由 0增加到 1 2 6∶1时 ,粒子的平均水化半径从 12 2 2 1nm降低到 2 4 6 8nm ,粒径分布变宽 ,乳液抗电解质稳定性逐渐增强 ;增加引发剂和共聚单体MMA的浓度 ,粒子的水化半径逐渐减小 ,粒径分散系数增大 .     

Micelles of SDS Surfactants in Concentrated NaCl Solutions

We investigated the aggregation behavior of rod-like micelles of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in concentrated NaCl solution by quasi-elastic light scattering (QLS) and viscosity measurement over a range of temperature (25 °C to 50 °C) and NaCl concentration. The reduced viscosity of aqueous SDS in the presence of NaCl has been measured by an Ubbelohde-type capillary viscometer. We show mean hydrodynamic radius of micelles can be determined from viscosity data. We also determined mean hydrodynamic radius using quasi-elastic light scattering. Micellar size decreases with increasing temperature, whereas it increases with increasing ionic strength. The results of viscosity and dynamic light-scattering measurements are interpreted as the extension of length of rod-like micelles. We compare viscosity and light scattering experimental results.     

Amphiphilic polyethylenes leading to surfactant-free thermoresponsive nanoparticles

Linear copolymers of ethylene and acrylic acid (PEAA) were prepared by catalytic polymerization of ethylene and tert-butyl acrylate followed by hydrolysis of the ester groups. The copolymers contained COOH groups inserted into the crystalline unit cell with formation of intramolecular hydrogen-bonds, as established on the basis of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. A solvent-exchange protocol, with no added surfactant, converted a solution in tetrahydrofuran of a PEAA sample containing 12 mol % of acrylic acid (AA) into a colloidally stable aqueous suspension of nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and high sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry (HS-DSC) were used to characterize the nanoparticles. They are single crystals of elongated shape with a polar radius of 49 nm (σ = 15 nm) and an equatorial radius of 9 nm (σ = 3 nm) stabilized in aqueous media via carboxylate groups located preferentially on the particle/water interface. The PEAA (AA: 12 mol %) nanoparticles dispersed in aqueous media exhibited a remarkable reversible thermoresponsive behavior upon heating/cooling from 25 to 80 °C.     

SEM Morphologies of a Water-Soluble Terpolymer with Vinyl Biphenyl in Aqueous and Brine Solutions

A terpolymer PAAP, synthesized from acrylamide (AM), vinyl biphenyl (VP), and sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate (NaAMPS), exhibits intermolecular hydrophobically associating behavior in water and aqueous brine solutions. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the conformations of polymer chains and morphologies of their associating microstructures in pure water and in brine solutions. This was done to reveal the relevant relationships between solution properties and associated microstructures for the PAAP polymer in pure water and brine solutions, and the mechanisms for the previously reported viscoelastic behavior of PAAP solutions. Continuous supermolecular associating network structures are formed via strong intermolecular hydrophobic association of biphenyl groups in an aqueous 0.1 g⋅dL⁻¹ PAAP solution, which leads to the excellent viscoelastic character of aqueous PAAP solutions. With increasing polymer concentration, the network structures of the polymer become much larger and more compact in aqueous solution, which results in the excellent thickening properties of their solutions. The SEM results reveal that the elongated conformations of molecular chains in aqueous PAAP solutions are favorable for intermolecular hydrophobic association. With the addition of NaCl, the associating network structures of PAAP are destroyed because of electrostatic shielding effects on the –SO₃^-\mathrm{SO}_{3}^{-} groups, and huge tree-like associated structures are formed. This results in a decrease in the solution viscosity and a loss of viscoelastic properties of PAAP solutions. However, with increasing NaCl concentration, the number and size of the aggregates increase, which results in the salt-thickening behavior of PAAP brine solutions.