微生物腈水合酶的研究进展

腈水合酶 ( Nitrile Hydratase E C4.2 .1 .84,简称 NHase)是一种微生物酶 ,它可催化多种腈化合物水解生成酰胺[1] ,酰胺在酰胺酶 ( Amidase)的作用下 ,进一步转化生成羧酸及氨气 .这与腈水解酶( Nitrilase)催化腈水解一步生成羧酸的途径有所不同 .微生物 NHase可广泛地应用于氨基酸、酰胺、羧酸及其衍生物的合成 . 1 980年 ,Asano等人[2 ] 首次发现微生物 Rhodocococcus sp. N- 774NHase可降解有毒的乙腈 ,不久即被成功地应用于工业生产丙烯酰胺 .近来 ,NHase也被用于制备手性药物 ,如 Gilligan 等 [3 ]成功地用 Rhodocococcus equ…     

腈水合酶及其在丙烯酰胺生产中应用的研究进展

对近年来国内外腈水合酶的研究进行了回顾,就腈水合酶的种类、分布、生理合成调节、结构特点、反应机理、光敏性、热稳定性等方面及影响酶活性的几个主要因素做了具体的阐述.并进一步探讨了其在工业中的应用和发展,提出了一些建议和设想.     

固定化对恶臭假单胞菌腈水合酶催化特性的影响

酶法代替铜催化法使丙烯腈转化制内烯酰胺的研究,70年代起在国外开始进行.近年来,国内也相继开展了这方面的工作.他们筛选得到的恶臭假单胞菌JP-1具有较高腈水合酶活力,其完整细胞的腈水合酶催化特性也已进行了研究.本文研究了采用海藻酸钙包埋法制备的恶臭假单胞菌固定化细胞的酶学性质.     

不同催化体系下腈的水合反应研究进展

腈可用于构建新的碳-碳、碳-杂原子键,所得产物丰富多样.酰胺基团广泛存在于医药、农药和天然产物中,此外,酰胺还是有机合成反应中重要的中间体.在目前报道的酰胺类化合物的合成方法中,腈的水合反应已成为学术界和工业界最广泛使用的获得初级酰胺类化合物的方法之一.早期腈的水合反应中通常涉及强酸、强碱的使用,但在该类反应体系下,往...     

腈水合酶的发酵及酶学性质

红球菌Rhodococceus rhodochrous J1在含有脲和钴的培养基中发酵产生腈水合酶,可以催化丙烯腈水合为丙烯酰胺。调节培养条件使发酵液的酶活力达到6150u／ml。温度30℃,反应体系呈中性酶活性很高并且稳定。底物浓度,酶浓度,反应时间的正交实验表明,底物丙烯腈是显著因子,最佳浓度7％,超过此浓度酶会失活;1min内,水合反应转化率可达80％。浓度超过15％的丙烯酰胺会抑制酶的活性。     

酶催化动力学光度法测定肾上腺素

基于肾上腺素对血红蛋白酶催化体系的抑制作用, 建立了酶催化动力学光度法测定肾上腺素的新方法. 实验研究了体系的最佳条件及动力学行为, 测定的线性范围为4.5×10-7～1.4×10-5 mol/L, 方法检出限为5.2×10-8 mol/L. 对浓度为9.0×10-6 mol/L的肾上腺素进行11次平行测定的相对标准偏差为3.5%. 此方法可用于药剂中肾上腺素含量的测定.     

二腈的区域和对映选择性生物水解反应: 腈水合酶与二腈分子 作用模式初探

在Rhodococcussp.AJ270细胞的催化作用下,内消旋的内式和外式双环[2.2.1]-庚烯-2,3-二腈和双环[2.2.2]-5-辛烯-2,3-二腈水解生成相应的二酸或酸酐,而外消旋的反式双环[2.2.1]-5-庚烯-2,3-二腈和双环[2.2.2]-5-辛烯-2,3-二腈则发生区域选择性和立体选择性的水解反应生成光活性的氰基酰胺和氰基羧酸。讨论了腈水合酶与二腈的作用模式。     

过氧化物酶催化反应机理和动力学研究进展

过氧化物酶（ＥＣ１．１１）是通过Ｈ２Ｏ２或相关化合物来催化多种有机和无机物氧化的血红素蛋白,一般含有铜或铁等金属离子［１］．从动物中获得的过氧化物酶主要有甲状腺过氧化物酶、乳过氧化物酶、髓过氧化物酶等;从植物中获得的过氧化物酶如辣根过氧化物酶、细胞色素Ｃ过氧化物酶,一般都以正铁血红素ＩＸ作为辅基．氯过氧化物酶虽然不是从植物中获得的,但它也以正铁血红素ＩＸ作为辅基．对于过氧化物酶,其酶反应过程包括以下３个步骤：　　　　　　　　　　　　Ｅ＋Ｈ２Ｏ２ＣｏｍｐｏｕｎｄⅠ　　　　　　　　ＣｏｎｐｏｕｎｄⅠ…     

酶催化动力学光度法测定汞

基于醇脱氢酶催化乙醇和氧化型烟酰胺腺呤二核苷酸的反应中，汞离子对于酶催化的抑制作用，通过测定还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸吸光度的变化率得出其酶促反应速度，对应于汞而制得标准曲线。检出限为0.5μg/L。讨论了pH值和共存离子对测定的影响。本方法具有快速、灵敏、干扰少的优点。     

酶催化动力学光度法测定痕量汞(Ⅱ)

1 引言 基于酶催化反应高效专一、条件温和等优点,曾有人利用葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)-过氧化物酶-邻联茴香胺偶联反应测定抑制剂Ag+、Hg2+、Pb2+、V*%及激活剂Pd2+;但邻联茴香胺是致癌物,且显色灵敏度低,制约了方法的发展.本文研究了氯取代苯酚衍生物结构对酶偶联体系显色反应的影响,以显色灵敏度更高的3,5-二氯-2-羟基苯磺酸钠(DHBS)代替邻联茴香胺做底物,利用酶催化动力学光度法可检测25～300 μg/L的痕量Hg2+,检出限为8.7×l 0-9 g/mL.用于尿汞测定,与冷原子吸收法无显著性差异,并且仪器简单,干扰较少,避免了汞蒸气的再度污染.     

Surface Modification of Polyacrylonitrile Fibre by Nitrile Hydratase from Corynebacterium nitrilophilus

Previously, nitrile hydratase (NHase) from Corynebacterium nitrilophilus was obtained and showed potential in polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibre modification. In the present study, the modification conditions of C. nitrilophilus NHase on PAN were investigated. In the optimal conditions, the wettability and dyeability (anionic and reactive dyes) of PAN treated by C. nitrilophilus NHase reached a similar level of those treated by alkali. In addition, the chemical composition and microscopically observable were changed in the PAN surface after NHase treatment. Meanwhile, it revealed that cutinase combined with NHase facilitates the PAN hydrolysis slightly because of the ester existed in PAN as co-monomer was hydrolyzed. All these results demonstrated that C. nitrilophilus NHase can modify PAN efficiently without textile structure damage, and this study provides a foundation for the further application of C. nitrilophilus NHase in PAN modification industry.     

海洋芽孢杆菌酯酶BSE-1的催化动力学和热失活动力学研究

海洋芽孢杆菌发酵产生的酯酶BSE-1经分离纯化后,以对硝基苯磷酸酯(PNPP)为底物,对电泳纯BSE-1的催化性质、催化动力学和热失活动力学进行了研究.催化动力学研究表明,金属离子对BSE-1的活性影响显著,其中Ca2 的激活作用最强,为混合型激活作用;而Ba2 的抑制作用最为明显,为非竞争性抑制作用.BSE-1的酶促反应动力学符合米氏方程,其中Km=8.15mmol·L-1,Vmax=0.97mmol·mg-1·min-1.采用连续模型对BSE-1在70℃的热失活动力学进行模拟,求得酶的失活速率常数k1=1.41,k2=0.28.     

Optimization of Crucial Reaction Conditions for the Production of Nicotinamide by Nitrile Hydratase Using Response Surface Methodology

The reaction conditions for the nicotinamide production by Rhodococcus erythropolis MTCC 1526 have been optimized by statistical experimental design. Application of this approach in the bioprocess can result in rallied product yield, reduced development time, and process variability. In this investigation, response surface methodology and central composite design were employed to predict the levels of variables such as reaction pH (6.5, 7, and 7.5), temperature (15, 20, and 25 degrees C), cell concentration (190, 200, and 210 mg/ml), and substrate concentration (18, 20, and 22 mM) on the production of nicotinamide. A total of 22 experiments were carried out in shake flasks, and a three-dimensional response surface was generated to determine the effect of crucial reaction parameters for the maximum conversion of 3-cynopyridine to nicotinamide. Using this methodology, the optimal values for the reaction conditions were reaction pH 6.85, temperature of 24.8 degrees C, cell concentration of 190.98 mg/ml, and substrate concentration of 21.98 mM. This statistical approach led to the increase of conversion of 3-cynopyridine (93%) as compared to the conversion obtained by one-factor-at-a-time approach (84%).     

烯酰基-辅酶A水合酶催化机理的理论研究

采用DFT方法研究了烯酰基-辅酶A （ECH）催化的4-（N,N-二甲氨基）-肉桂酰-辅酶A （DAC-CoA）和巴豆酰基-辅酶A （Crotonyl-CoA）水合反应.计算表明：水合反应以分步机理进行,经历一个烯醇负离子中间体.Glu164残基作为唯一的催化碱/酸参与水合反应,而Glu144虽然没有直接参与反应,但是它能通过氢键作用诱使水分子以合适的朝向活化底物.Crotonyl-CoA底物的水加成活性高于DAC-CoA.Ala98和Gly141与底物羰基之间的氢键作用既有利于底物的准确结合,也能有效稳定反应中形成的过渡态和中间体.另外,Glu144和Glu164周围的氢键网络对于合理维持活性位点排布进而有效促进底物活化也很重要.     

Time‐Resolved Crystallography of the Reaction Intermediate of Nitrile Hydratase: Revealing a Role for the Cysteinesulfenic Acid Ligand as a Catalytic Nucleophile

The reaction mechanism of nitrile hydratase (NHase) was investigated using time‐resolved crystallography of the mutant NHase, in which βArg56, strictly conserved and hydrogen bonded to the two post‐translationally oxidized cysteine ligands, was replaced by lysine, and pivalonitrile was the substrate. The crystal structures of the reaction intermediates were determined at high resolution (1.2–1.3 Å). In combination with FTIR analyses of NHase following hydration in H₂¹⁸O, we propose that the metal‐coordinated substrate is nucleophilically attacked by the O(SO^?) atom of αCys114‐SO^?, followed by nucleophilic attack of the S(SO^?) atom by a βArg56‐activated water molecule to release the product amide and regenerate αCys114‐SO^?.     

A Pentacoordinated Di-N-carboxamido-dithiolato-O-sulfinato-iron(III) Complex Related to the Metal Site of Nitrile Hydratase

Postcoordination oxidation by dioxygen of one of the thiolate groups in a pentadentate N(2)S(3) ligand results in an iron(III) complex with two N-carboxamido, two thiolato, and one O-sulfinato ligands (see the CAMERON representation). This novel mixed coordination is similar to that determined for the inactive form of the nitrile hydratase from Rhodococcus sp. N-771, but differs by the O versus S binding of the sulfinato ligand.     

基于质谱的六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷热分解动力学

采用低能电子轰击质谱研究了六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(HNIW)的裂解过程, 建立了质谱中离子强度曲线的非等温动力学处理方法, 根据产物离子的Arrhenius曲线解释了HNIW热分解的机理. 结果表明, HNIW质谱裂解的表观活化能为145.1 kJ·mol-1. 在130-150 ℃范围内, HNIW质谱的离子产物主要是电子轰击产生的, 其活化能在28-41 kJ·mol-1之间; 在213-228 ℃范围内, 离子主要是热分解产生的, 其活化能在143-179 kJ·mol-1之间. HNIW在213-228 ℃的热分解动力学参数存在良好的动力学补偿效应, 补偿效应公式为lnA=0.252Ea-0.645. HNIW 热分解的主要反应为HNIW.438→6NO2+2HCN+HNIW.108, HNIW.438→6NO2+3HCN+HNIW.81, HNIW.438→6NO2+4HCN+HNIW.54.