钛促进的钴钼耐硫变换催化剂性能的研究

钴钼硫化物是一种高效的耐硫变换催化剂,许多助剂如碱金属、碱土金属、锰、铜和稀土金 属等对其性能均有影响. 其中,碱金属钾的助催化作用显著［1,2］,但存在易流失,导 致催化剂失活和后续设备污染腐蚀等问题; 其它助剂虽对耐硫变换催化剂有促进作用,但效 果不明显. 以TiO2为助剂调变Co-Mo系加氢脱硫催化剂的性能,可明显改善活性组分的分 散状态,进而可以提高催化剂的活性. 但TiO2作为耐硫变换催化剂的助剂至今未见报道. 本文结合耐硫变换催化剂的研制开发工作,采用常压微反、程序升温还原(TPR)、程序升温硫 化(TPS)及原位红外光谱(IR)等技术,对钛促进的钴钼耐硫变换催化剂的性能进行了研究.     

钾促进钴钼耐硫CO变换催化剂的XPS和TPR表征

钾助剂;水煤气变换;钾促进钴钼耐硫CO变换催化剂的XPS和TPR表征     

含La耐硫水煤气变换催化剂的研究

CoMoK/Al_2O_3耐硫水煤气变换催化剂中加入La_2O_3后其活性与含量和处理温度有关。含有0.5—1.0％La_2O_3的催化剂和载体经600℃处理活性和耐热性最高。在500℃进行强化反应后La助化的催化剂活性下降～50％,而无La的下降～70％。以H_2S/H_2重新处理减活后的催化剂可以使活性逐渐恢复,但含La的比不含La的恢复得快。由催化剂的硫化过程和程序升温还原及吡啶吸附实验未能发现两种催化剂有明显的区别。XPS测定结果发现La助化的催化剂在反应时,其Mo可以保持较好的分散和较少形成Mo~(6 ),而Mo~(6 )对反应是无活性的。     

以ZrO2-Al2O3为载体的Co-Mo-K耐硫水煤气变换催化剂

采用沉淀法和浸渍法分别制备了ＺｒＯ２－Ａｌ２Ｏ３复合载体和Ｃｏ－Ｍｏ－Ｋ耐硫变换催化剂。研究了ＺｒＯ２对Ｃｏ－Ｍｏ－Ｋ面硫变换催化剂活性及热稳定性的影响。利用ＸＲＤ、ＢＥＴ、ＴＧ、ＸＰＳ等手段对催化剂及其载体的结构、吸硫吸水性能和氧化还原性能进行了表征。结果表明以ＺｒＯ２－Ａｌ２Ｏ３代替传统的γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３作为Ｃｏ－Ｍｏ－Ｋ耐硫变换催化剂的载体,可提高催化剂的活性,尤其是低温活性,并可改善催化剂的     

Ti促进的Co-Mo耐硫变换催化剂TPS研究

利用程序升温硫化(TPS)技术研究了TiO2对耐硫催化剂活性组分的促进作用.结果发现1)添加适量的TiO2可以显著降低MoO3及CoO的硫化温度,缩短硫化时间,有利于提高催化剂的硫化性能;2)可以提高活性组分对硫化氢的吸附,从而有利于提高催化剂的"容硫"能力,使得催化剂对H2S浓度的依赖性显著降低.此外,试验还就硫化及CO变换反应过程、活性组分之间以及活性组分与TiO2之间的相互作用进行了讨论,并结合试验结果提出了TiO2对催化剂性能的作用机理.     

铈铝复合载体对钼基催化剂耐硫甲烷化催化性能的研究

采用共沉淀法、浸渍法和沉积沉淀法制备了CeO₂-Al₂O₃复合载体,比较了不同复合载体浸渍钴钼后的耐硫甲烷化催化性能,并优化了复合载体中CeO₂的含量。结合N₂物理吸附、XRD、H₂-TPR等表征手段对复合载体及其负载的钴钼催化剂进行物相和结构分析发现,在Al₂O₃中添加CeO₂可以明显提高合成气的耐硫甲烷化活性,其中,沉积沉淀法制备的25% CeO₂-Al₂O₃复合载体负载钴钼后具有最佳催化活性。     

钛促进型耐硫变换催化剂的性能

活性;抗水活性;钛促进型耐硫变换催化剂的性能     

Co-Mo/Al2O3耐硫变换催化剂的表征研究

采用常压微反、程序升温还原（TPR）、程序升温硫化（TPS）及原位红外光谱（IR）等技术，对Co-Mo/Al2O3催化剂的表征研究发现：在Co-Mo/Al2O3催化剂中不仅存在着Co、Mo中心，而且存在由Co、Mo相互作用产生的中心， Co-Mo/Al2O3催化剂的催化性能是由Co、Mo中心和Co、Mo相互作用产生的中心共同作用的结果。     

分光光度法测定废钴钼催化剂中的钴含量

应用分光光度法测定废钴钼催化剂中的钴含量。优化的试验条件如下:1测定波长530nm;2柠檬酸钠溶液(掩蔽剂)质量浓度为250g·L-1;3亚硝酸钠溶液(氧化剂)质量浓度为5g·L-1;45g·L-1亚硝基红盐溶液(显色剂)用量为5mL;5硫酸(1+1)溶液用量为10mL。钴的质量在0.35mg以内与吸光度呈线性关系,钴的检出限(3S/N)为10μg·L-1,加标平均回收率为98.9%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=15)为4.6%。     

Co,Mo在Al2O3和K在Co—Mo催化剂上的吸附和分布

钴离子在γ-Al_2O_3上的吸附速度比钼酸根离子的慢,但钴离子的视扩散系数比钼酸根的大(25℃下D_(Co)=1.2×10~(-5)cm~2/s,D_(Mo)=4.4×10~(-6)cm~2/s)。钴的吸附等温线符合Langmuir等温式,而钼的符合Freundlich等温式。在等孔容积共浸法制备催化剂时,低pH值下由于Al_2O_3吸附Mo较多而导致Co、Mo在颗粒中分布不均;在高pH值下由于Mo的吸附量锐减,可用共浸法得到分布均匀的催化剂。K_2CO_3在均匀型Co-Mo/Al_2O_3催化剂上的吸附等温线符合Langmuir等温式,虽然吸附量较大,但在浸渍液中含量足够时也可得到均匀分布的结果。     

Promotion of Mn Doped Co/CNTs Catalysts for CO Hydrogenation to Light Olefins

With various contents, Mn was introduced into carbon nanotubes (CNTs) supported cobalt catalysts and the obtained Mn‐Co/CNTs catalysts were investigated for CO hydrogenation to light alkenes and characterized by N₂ adsorption, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), H₂ temperature programmed reduction (TPR), CO temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results indicate that the addition of a small amount of Mn (0.3 wt%) to CNTs‐supported Co catalyst significantly increased the selectivity of C₂–C₄ olefins and decreased the selectivity of CH₄. However, with further addition of Mn to the cobalt catalysts, the CH₄ selectivity decreased obviously along with the increase of the C₅₊ selectivity. Compared with the unpromoted catalysts, the Mn‐promoted cobalt catalysts increased the C₂^?–C₄^?/C₂⁰–C₄⁰ molar ratio.     

Theoretical Screening of Transition Metal Doped Defective MoS2 as Efficient Electrocatalyst for CO Conversion to CH4

CO is a key intermediate during electrochemical CO₂ conversion. The deep reduction of CO to value-added chemical products is a crucial strategy for effective carbon utilization. Single transition metal atoms supported by two-dimensional material present a novel paragon for various catalytic reactions. Herein, we employ first principle theory to study a series of single 3d-transition metal atoms supported by monolayered MoS₂ with S vacancy as efficient electrocatalyst for CO electroreduction to CH₄. The screening result indicates that Cr doped defective MoS₂ (labeled as Cr/S_v-MoS₂) is beneficial to electroreduction of CO to CH₄, with even less negative limiting potential (−0.32 V) than Cu that has been widely studied as the most promising electrocatalyst in experiment. The outstanding activity is derived from the regulation of the d-band-center of doped Cr and Mo atoms exposed on the surface. This discovery provides a theoretical basis for the preparation of future electrocatalysts for CORR.     

脉冲电晕放电-催化转化CO2为CO

在常温、常压下，较系统地研究了CO2在脉冲电晕等离子体条件下的活化与转化，考察了反应器参数、脉冲成形电容、应用电压、气体流量、电晕极性对二氧化碳转化的影响。在本实验条件下，最佳反应器的有效长度为125mm,内径为22mm。二氧化碳转化率和一氧化碳产率随应用电压的增加而增加。另外，随着应用电压的增加，脉冲反应器的能量利用效率反而降低。随着气体流量的增大，二氧化碳的转化率及一氧化碳的产率下降。γ-Al2O3的存在大大促进了二氧化碳的转化，CO2的最高转化率达23％。由于γ-Al2O3在物化性质方面的特性，γ－Al2O3的存在对二氧化碳的转化有重要的作用。研究表明：脉冲电晕放电－催化转化CO2为CO是可行的。     

Synthesis and Structural Characterization of a Salt{[Co(Phen)3][Mo2S2(μ-S)2(edt)2]}2·(DMSO)2·(Et2O)(Phen = 1,10-Phenanthroline,edt = Ethane-1,2-dithiolate)

Reaction of [Et4N]2[Mo2S2(μ-S)2(edt)2] with CoCl2(6H2O and Phen in MeCN followed by recrystallization in DMSO/Et2O gave rise to dark-red block crystals of {[Co(Phen)3]- [Mo2S2(μ-S)2(edt)2]}2·(DMSO)2·(Et2O) 1 (C88H86Co2Mo4N12O3S18). 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a = 24.631(4), b = 16.117(3), c = 24.791(4) (A), β = 92.835°, V = 9829.3(3) (A)3, Z = 4, Mr = 2438.57, Dc = 1.648 g/cm3, F(000) = 4928, μ = 12.61 cm-1, R = 0.0936 and wR = 0.1682 for 12998 observed reflections with I > 2.0σ(I). In the structure of 1, the Co atom of the [Co(Phen)3]2+ dication is octahedrally coordinated by three Phen ligands. The Mo atom of the [Mo2S2(μ-S)2(edt)2]2- dianion is coordinated by two μ-S, one terminal S and two S atoms from edt, forming a distorted square pyramidal geometry. The mean Co-N and Mo…Mo bond distances are 2.139 and 2.872 (A), respectively.     

High CO methanation activity on zirconia-supported molybdenum sulfide catalyst

In this study, different methods were used to prepare MoO3/ZrO2 catalysts for sulfur resistant methanation reaction. It was found that MoO3/ZrO2 catalyst prepared by one-step co-precipitation method achieved high methanation performance. CO conversion could reach up to 90% on 25 wt% MoO3/ZrO2 catalyst, much higher than that on the conventional 25 wt% MoO3/Al2O3 catalyst. The Mo-based catalysts were characterized by XRF, XRD, Raman, BET, TEM and H2-TPR etc. It was found that MoO3 particles were highly dispersed on ZrO2 support for 25 wt% MoO3/ZrO2 catalyst prepared at 65-85℃ because of its relatively larger pore size, which contributed to a high CO conversion. Meanwhile, when MoO3 loading exceeded the monolayer coverage, the formed crystalline MoO3 and ZrM020g might block the micropores of the catalyst and make the methanation activity declined. These results are useful for preparing highly efficient catalyst for CO methanation process.     

甲烷无氧芳构化反应中Co助剂对Mo／HZSM-5

 甲烷在Co－Mo／HZSM－5催化剂上进行无氧芳构化反应的评价结果表明，Co的添加大大提高了Mo／HZSM－5催化剂在反应过程中的稳定性．BET实验证明，反应后的积炭对Co－Mo／HZSM－5催化剂孔道堵塞的程度较小．对积炭催化剂进行的一系列程序升温表面反应（如TPH，TPCO2和TPO）结果表明，TPO谱上有两个峰温明显不同的烧炭峰，Co的添加明显抑制了高温积炭的生成．H2主要与高温积炭发生反应，这部分积炭是催化剂失活的主要原因；CO2对低温积炭的影响则尤为明显．TEM结果表明，积炭催化剂上存在丝状积炭物种．碳丝不能与H2反应，但能被CO2除去．Co的添加促进了丝状积炭物种的生成，碳丝并不是导致催化剂失活的因素．