高效Ag@AgBr等离子体光催化剂的制备及可见光活性研究

采用水热法和光致还原法制备了具有等离子体共振效应的Ag@AgBr可见光催化剂,利用XRD,SEM,EDX,DRS和XPS等手段对产物的结构和性能进行表征,并研究了催化剂在可见光下对罗丹明B(RhB)的光催化降解性能,考察了催化剂的循环使用及捕获剂对Ag@AgBr光催化性能的影响.结果表明:贵金属Ag纳米粒子的表面等离子体共振效应可显著增强Ag@AgBr对可见光的吸收;催化剂对罗丹明B具有较高的可见光降解活性和稳定性,在可见光下照射90 min,对罗丹明B的降解率达95%以上,光催化剂循环使用5次仍具有良好的光催化降解活性;淬灭实验表明在Ag@AgBr降解罗丹明B过程中,吸附在催化剂表面的h+、·OH、O2·-是主要的活性物种.     

Silver-Loaded Bio-Structured Carbon/Cadmium Sulfide Lamellar Composites with Enhanced Photocatalysis under Visible Light

A silver (Ag)-loaded biostructured carbon/cadmium sulfide (CdS) lamellar composite photocatalyst was synthesized using a hydrothermal and photodeposition method. Camellia petals functioned both as a biological layered template and as a source of carbon. The prepared composite photocatalyst demonstrated good absorption under visible light and exhibited excellent photocatalytic degradation performance. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of the obtained composites substantially improved compared with pure CdS. The 5 wt.-% Ag-loaded C/CdS sample exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity, reaching 96.5 % after 180 min, which was 8.7 times that of pure CdS. Specifically, the biocarbon sheet enhanced the absorption of visible light. Furthermore, the high electrical conductivity of Ag can effectively transfer and separate photogenerated electrons and holes, thus enhancing both photocatalytic performance and stability.     

银-溴化银/麦羟硅钠石可见光催化剂的制备及其光催化性能

利用离子交换法将AgBr负载到水热合成的麦羟硅钠石(magadiite,MD)载体上,通过光照还原生成新型Ag-AgBr/MD复合光催化剂;采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、透射电镜分析了复合催化剂的结构,采用紫外-可见分光光度计评价了AgBr负载量和pH对复合催化剂可见光催化降解罗丹明(RhB)水溶液活性的影响.结果表明,随着AgBr负载量的增加,RhB的降解率先增大后减小,随pH的增大RhB的降解率减小.当n(AgNO3)∶n(MD)=2∶1,pH=9时,复合光催化剂具有较强的光吸收性能,且AgBr高度分散在载体MD表面,因而对RhB的光催化降解性能最高.     

具有表面等离子体效应的Ag-AgBr/Al2O3光催化性能研究

以介孔γ-Al2O3为载体,通过化学沉积与光还原法制备了Ag-AgBr/Al2O3等离子体诱导可见光催化材料。采用SEM、TEM、XRD及UV-Vis吸收光谱对复合材料进行结构与性能表征,并通过降解亚甲基蓝溶液对其光催化性能进行考察。研究结果表明,在可见光下照射1 h,催化材料对5 mg/L亚甲基蓝溶液的降解率达95%以上,总有机碳去除率为70%。由于表面金属的等离子体共振效应和介孔材料的吸附性能,催化剂具有很高的可见光催化活性和良好的稳定性,在开发新型等离子体诱导可见光催化剂方面应用前景广阔。     

Plasmon-resonance-enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity of Ag quantum dots/TiO2 microspheres for methyl orange degradation

We successfully prepared Ag quantum dots modified TiO₂ microspheres by facile solvothermal and calcination method. The as-prepared Ag quantum dots/TiO₂ microspheres were characterized by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The Ag quantum dots/TiO₂ photocatalyst showed excellent visible light absorption and efficient photocatalytic activity for methyl orange degradation. And the sample with the molar ratio of 0.05 (Ag to Ti) showed the best visible light photocatalytic activity for methyl orange degradation, mainly because of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effects of Ag quantum dots to generate electron and hole pairs for enhanced visible light photocatalysis. Finally, possible visible light photocatalytic mechanism of Ag quantum dots/TiO₂ microspheres for methyl orange degradation was proposed in detail.     

Sunlight-Active BiOI Photocatalyst as an Efficient Adsorbent for the Removal of Organic Dyes and Antibiotics from Aqueous Solutions

A bismuth oxyiodide (BiOI) photocatalyst with excellent sunlight-driven performance was synthesized by a solvothermal route without the addition of surfactants or capping agents. The prepared photocatalyst exhibited a tetragonal phase with an energy band gap of 2.15 eV. The efficiency of the photocatalyst was elucidated by monitoring the photodegradation of organic dyes and antibiotics. The BiOI photocatalyst provided a 95% removal of norfloxacin (NOR) antibiotics under visible light illumination. Interestingly, the complete removal of Rhodamine B (RhB) dye was achieved after 80 min of natural sunlight irradiation. The photodegradation reaction followed the first-order reaction. Both photo-generated holes and electrons play vital roles in the photodegradation of the pollutant. The BiOI photocatalyst remains stable and still shows a high efficiency even after the fifth run. This confirms the great cycling ability and high structural stability of the photocatalyst. The prepared BiOI catalyst, with a high surface area of 118 m² g⁻¹, can act as an excellent adsorbent as well. The synergistic effect based on both adsorption and photocatalysis is a key factor in achieving a very high removal efficiency. The photoactivity under sunlight is higher than that observed under visible light, supporting the practical use of the BiOI photocatalyst for the removal of organic pollutants in wastewater through the utilization of abundant solar energy.     

还原氧化石墨烯-硒化银纳米复合材料的水热合成与表征及其活性氧物种产生(英文)

A visible-light photocatalyst containing Ag2Se and reduced graphene oxide(RGO) was synthesized by a facile sonochemical-assisted hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron mi-croscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectros-copy results indicated that the RGO-Ag2Se nanocomposite contained small crystalline Ag2Se nano-particles dispersed over graphene nanosheets and absorbed visible light. The high crystallinity of the nanoparticles increased photocatalytic activity by facilitating charge transport. N2 adsorp-tion-desorption measurements revealed that the RGO-Ag2Se nanocomposite contained numerous pores with an average diameter of 9 nm, which should allow reactant molecules to readily access the Ag2Se nanoparticles. The RGO-Ag2Se nanocomposite exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than bulk Ag2Se nanoparticles to degrade organic pollutant rhodamine B and industrial dye Texbrite BA-L under visible-light irradiation(λ 420 nm). The generation of reactive oxygen spe-cies in RGO-Ag2Se was evaluated through its ability to oxidize 1,5-diphenylcarbazide to 1,5-diphenylcarbazone. The small size of the Ag2Se nanoparticles in RGO-Ag2Se was related to the use of ultrasonication during their formation, revealing that this approach is attractive to form po-rous RGO-Ag2Se materials with high photocatalytic activity under visible light.     

Nanosized Functional MOFs Loading Ag/AgBr with Throughout‐Visible‐Light Absorption for High‐Efficiency Photocatalysis

Porous metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) loading metal nanoparticles to form a composite photocatalyst demonstrated unique advantages. Modification of the electron donating group on the aromatic linkers of MOFs could increase the absorption range of light, thereby increasing the photocatalytic activity. In this study, we prepared a composite photocatalyst using a stable NH₂‐functionalized MOF (UiO‐66‐NH₂) to load semiconductor Ag/AgBr nanoparticles, and the resultant composites have intense optical absorption throughout visible light range. The greatly enhanced optical absorption and the unique hetero‐junction between Ag/AgBr and UiO‐66‐NH₂ render efficient separation and utilization of photogenerated electron‐hole pairs. Therefore, Ag/AgBr@UiO‐66‐NH₂ showed much more excellent photocatalytic activity, compared with unmodified UiO‐66 loading Ag/AgBr (Ag/AgBr@UiO‐66) and reported AgX@MOF catalysts. Moreover, the composite photocatalysts showed excellent stability during cycling experiment.     

Facile synthesis and photocatalytic properties of AgAgClTiO2/rectorite composite

In this study, we prepared a new visible light induced plasmonic photocatalyst AgAgClTiO(2)/rectorite using a facile deposition-photoreduction method. The catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-visible diffused reflectance spectra (UV-vis DRS), Raman spectra, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The as-prepared AgAgClTiO(2)/rectorite powders exhibited an efficient photocatalytic activity for the degradation of acid orange (ARG) and 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) under visible light irradiation (λ>400 nm). Moreover, the mechanism suggested that the high photocatalytic activity is due to the charge separation and the surface plasmon resonance of metallic Ag particles in the region of visible light. The active species measurements suggested that HO() is not the dominant photooxidant. Direct hole transfers and O(2)(-) were involved as the active species in the photocatalytic reaction.     

A New p‐Metal‐n Structure AgBr‐Ag‐BiOBr with Superior Visible‐Light‐Responsive Catalytic Performance

A novel visible‐light‐driven AgBr‐Ag‐BiOBr photocatalyst was synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. Taking advantage of both p‐n heterojunctions and localized surface plasmon resonance, the p‐metal‐n structure exhibited a superior performance concerning degradation of methyl orange under visible‐light irradiation (λ>420 nm). A possible photodegradation mechanism in the presence of AgBr‐Ag‐BiOBr composites was proposed, and the radical species involved in the degradation reaction were investigated. HO₂^?/^?O₂^? played the same important role as ^?OH in the AgBr‐Ag‐BiOBr photocatalytic system, and both the electron and hole were fully used for degradation of organic pollutants. A dual role of metallic Ag in the photocatalysis was proposed, one being surface plasmon resonance and the other being an electron‐hole bridge. Due to the distinctive p‐metal‐n structure, the visible‐light absorption, the separation of photogenerated carriers and the photocatalysis efficiency were greatly enhanced.     

Ag2S2O7/Ag2O纳米颗粒异质结构的制备及其太阳光全光谱光催化降解应用

Ag2O是优良的感光材料,很少作为光催化材料,而常被用作光催化材料的共催化剂.此外,由于Ag2O禁带宽度窄,且可有效吸收近红外光,因而不能用于全太阳光谱的光催化应用中.同时很少被用作NIR催化剂.本文中不仅研究了纳米Ag2O颗粒的UV-Vis光催化性能,而且还系统探究了其NIR光催化活性.由于在紫外线和可见光的照射下,Ag2O纳米颗粒易发生光还原失活,因而对Ag2O表面硫化处理,使其表面上生长Ag2S2O7层以形成Ag2S2O7/Ag2O异质结,探究了该异质结UV-Vis光催化活性及其光催化循环稳定性;同时,考察了其近红外光催化及其重复使用性能.利用沉淀法成功制备了Ag2O纳米颗粒,并通过在其表面部分硫化处理得到Ag2S2O7,成功构筑Ag2S2O7/Ag2O异质结构,并研究了该Ag2S2O7/Ag2O异质结构UV-Vis-NIR光催化降解有机污染物性能.研究表明,Ag2O纳米颗粒在光子能量较低的NIR照射条件下具有较强的光催化活性,但UV-Vis照射下,虽然Ag2O具有光催化活性,但易发生光还原生成单质银,降低其光催化稳定性;Ag2S2O7/Ag2O纳米异质结,虽然在UV-Vis-NIR范围内光催化活性略降于Ag2O,但稳定性显著提高,总体来看,Ag2S2O7/Ag2O异质结构在全光谱催化方面更具优势.这主要是由于Ag2O表面部分硫化得到的Ag2S2O7纳米颗粒,且二者之间能带匹配促进了光生载流子分离,同时Ag2O表面的Ag2S2O7颗粒直接吸收能量较高的UV-Vis,进而保护内部Ag2O,抑制了其自身还原,可显著提高Ag2S2O7/Ag2O异质结在UV-Vis-NIR催化活性及稳定性.实验结果分析表明,Ag2S2O7/Ag2O异质结纳米颗粒在UV-Vis-NIR条件下均具有稳定且高效的光催化活性,其主要原因为:(1)具有窄带隙的Ag2O可有效拓宽该异质结的光谱吸收;(2)Ag2S2O7/Ag2O异质结能带匹配可有效促使光生载流子分离;(3)Ag2O颗粒表面的Ag2S2O7纳米颗粒可有效提高Ag2S2O7/Ag2O异质结纳米颗粒的光化学稳定性,尤其是在UV-Vis条件下的化学稳定性.Ag2O纳米颗粒受到光照(UV-Vis-NIR)激发后产生电子-空穴对,由于Ag2S2O7与Ag2O能带位置的匹配,Ag2O导带的光生电子注入Ag2S2O7的导带;而Ag2S2O7价带的光生空穴注入Ag2O的价带.Ag2O表面的Ag2S2O7颗粒可有效捕捉电子,从而阻止Ag2O产生的电子-空穴对复合,进而提高光催化活性;同时当光子能量较高(UV以及部分短波长的Vis)时,Ag2O表面的Ag2S2O7颗粒直接吸收该部分光能,进而保护内部Ag2O发生自身还原,因此,Ag2S2O7/Ag2O异质结纳米颗粒在UV,Vis及NIR条件下均具有稳定且高效的光催化活性,在高效利用全光谱光催化降解有机污染物方面具有较大的潜力.     

The dependence of photocatalytic activity and photoinduced self-stability of photosensitive AgI nanoparticles

AgI is instable under light irradiation owing to its photosensitive properties, while a supported Ag-AgI composite has been demonstrated to be a stable photocatalyst. However, seldom investigations have been focused on the photocatalytic activity (including deactivation) and photoinduced stability of the photosensitive AgI materials. In this study, the AgI nanoparticles were immobilized on the surface of Ag(8)W(4)O(16) nanorods by an anion-exchange route and their photocatalytic activities were evaluated by photocatalytic decomposition of methyl orange and phenol solutions under visible-light irradiation. A photoinduced self-stabilizing mechanism of the AgI nanoparticles was proposed to account for the formation of a stable Ag-AgI photocatalyst, namely, instable AgI can transform into a stable Ag-AgI photocatalyst after in situ formation of partial Ag on the surface of AgI nanoparticles. The photocatalytic performance of the immobilized AgI photocatalyst was greatly influenced by the formation of metallic Ag. With increasing repetitions of photocatalytic experiments, the initial deactivation was accompanied by the rapid increase of metallic Ag owing to the reduction of lattice Ag(+), while the subsequently stable activity corresponds to the formation of a stable Ag-AgI composite photocatalyst. Compared with the un-immobilized AgI photocatalyst, the immobilized AgI nanoparticles exhibited a higher and more stable photocatalytic performance.     

可见光照射下丙炔光催化水解反应的研究 Ⅱ．钒离子对二氧化钛催化性能的影响

 研究了几种不同粒径的TiO2在CH3CCH和H2O的光催化反应中的催化活性．结果表明,利用离子注入法可以拓展纳米TiO2催化剂的光吸收区域,使其吸收带向可见光方向偏移,且偏移程度随着TiO2粒径的增大而增大;特别是注入V离子使TiO2催化剂在可见光区域具有光催化活性．V离子注入后,TiO2催化剂在紫外区域的光催化活性没有下降,但在可见光区域的光催化活性有所提高．在五种光催化剂中,具有中等粒径大小的P－25注入V离子后表现出最高的光催化活性．在太阳光直接照射下,这些光催化剂也具有较高的催化活性．     

NiO改性C3N5光催化剂析氢性能研究（英文）

近年来,新型光催化剂氮化碳（C₃N₅）因其优异的光捕获性能和独特的二维结构备受关注。然而,较高的电子-空穴复合率严重影响其光催化性能。本研究采用水热法成功合成了氧化镍（NiO）改性的C₃N₅ p-n异质结纳米光催化剂。结果表明,9-Ni/C₃N₅纳米光催化剂在可见光照射下表现出优异的析氢性能,其析氢速率可高达357μmol/（g·h）,是纯C₃N₅的107倍。这主要归因于9-Ni/C₃N₅纳米光催化剂形成p-n异质结,有效促进了光生电子-空穴对的分离,从而提高了析氢效率。     

Ag@AgCl修饰的锐钛矿相TiO2纳米管的制备及其光催化性能

首先采用水热合成法和双氧水处理制备了具有锐钛矿相的TiO2纳米管,然后通过沉淀和光化学反应将Ag@AgCl纳米粒子负载于其上,从而制得TiO2纳米管负载的表面等离子体光催化剂.结果表明,经Ag@AgCl纳米粒子修饰后,锐钛矿相TiO2纳米管因表面等离子共振效应而对可见光具有明显的响应,光生电子-空穴对更容易分离,因而T...     

钡掺杂中空磷酸银光催化剂的选择性及稳定性

半导体光催化材料既可以利用太阳能催化分解水制氢和降解各种有机污染物,同时还可以将温室气体CO2还原成有机低碳烷烃燃料,因此光催化是解决当今能源和环境问题最理想的途径之一.然而,目前所报道的可见光光催化材料大多具有较高的光生载流子复合率和较差的可见光吸收,导致其量子效率较低.因此,开发新型高效可见光光催化材料,拓展半导体材料光谱响应范围以及促进光生电子和空穴有效分离,成为目前光催化材料研究领域急需解决的科学问题.2010年Ye等首次报道了Ag3PO4在光催化中的应用,该材料表现出优异的光催化分解水制氧及降解有机污染物性能,在光吸收波长大于420 nm时的量子效率达到90%.然而,作为一种新型光催化材料,其组成、结构和晶面等对光催化性能的影响尚不清楚.因此,我们开展了Ag3PO4半导体纳米材料的表面微观结构调控研究,创制了一系列具有特殊形貌和选择暴露晶面的Ag3PO4基可见光催化材料,其表现出独特的光催化氧化性能.例如,利用金属络合法制备了具有(100),(110),(111),(221)和(332)等晶面的Ag3PO4晶体,发现通过调控其暴露晶面可进一步提高光催化性能.利用Ag纳米材料所具有的独特表面等离子体共振效应以及良好的导电性,构建了Ag/Ag3PO4核壳型纳米线、项链状Ag/Ag3PO4纳米线、项链状及均匀分布的Ag3PO4/PAN纳米复合纤维等异质光催化材料,提高了光生电子-空穴的分离效率,实现了有机污染物的高效催化氧化消除.然而,由于Ag3PO4在光催化反应过程中的稳定性较差以及成本较高,严重限制了其实际应用.因此,设计和制备具有高稳定性、低成本的Ag3PO4光催化材料成为目前急需开展的研究领域.本文以Ba3(PO4)2纳米片为模板和磷酸离子源,通过阳离子置换法一步制备了具有中空结构的Ba离子掺杂Ag3PO4光催化材料. 光催化结果表明, Ba离子的掺杂不但可以有效提高Ag3PO4光催化活性,并且可改变降解有机污染物甲基橙(MO)和罗丹明B(RhB)的选择性,实现优先降解MO.另外,此法制备的Ag3PO4材料经重复使用多次后仍表现出较高的光催化性能.进一步研究表明, Ba离子掺杂增强了Ag3PO4的表面电负性,因而吸附具有负电性的MO能力增加,使其光催化性能提高,此外,该法还可用于制备Ba3(PO4)2/Ag3PO4复合光催化材料,当Ag3PO4含量为40%时,该复合材料具有与纯相Ag3PO4相同的光催化剂活性.由此可见,通过合理掺杂金属离子及形成复合结构可以有效提高Ag3PO4光催化材料的活性和稳定性,降低Ag3PO4用量,这对Ag3PO4光催化材料的设计与改进具有一定指导意义.     

Facile preparation of Ag/Ag2WO4/g‐C3N4 ternary plasmonic photocatalyst and its visible‐light photocatalytic activity

Introducing plasmonic metals into semiconductor materials has been proven to be an attractive strategy for enhancing photocatalytic activity in the visible region. In this work, a novel and efficient Ag/Ag₂WO₄/g‐C₃N₄ (AACN) ternary plasmonic photocatalyst was successfully synthesized using a facile one‐step in situ hydrothermal method. The composition, structure, morphology and optical absorption properties of AACN were investigated using X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, respectively. Photocatalytic performance of AACN was evaluated via rhodamine B and tetracycline degradation. The results indicated that AACN had excellent photocatalytic performance for rhodamine B degradation with a rate constant of 0.0125 min^?1, which was higher than those of Ag₂WO₄ and Ag/Ag₂WO₄. Characterization and photocatalytic tests showed that the strong coupling effect between the Ag/Ag₂WO₄ nanoparticles and the exfoliated ultrathin g‐C₃N₄ nanosheets was superior for visible‐light responsivity and reduced the recombination rate of photogenerated electrons and holes. A proposed mechanism is also discussed according to the band energy structure and the experimental results.     

酰胺连接的共价有机骨架的制备及其在水中高效光催化性能

光催化是将太阳能转换为化学能的绿色可持续发展途径,有望解决日益严重的能源危机和环境污染问题.在光催化过程中,半导体材料作为光催化剂,负责可见光的捕获、光生载流子的生成和传输以及氧化还原反应,在整个光催化系统中起着决定性的作用.共价有机骨架材料(COFs)是一类新兴的半导体光催化剂,已被证明在可见光诱导的水分解、二氧化碳还原、有机转化反应和水中污染物降解方面具有应用前景.然而,大部分COFs是通过可逆反应构筑的,在水中及苛刻条件下的稳定性差.因此,提升基于COFs的光催化剂在水相中的光催化活性和循环稳定性仍然面临巨大挑战.本文提出了一种新策略,即通过实现多重协同效应,设计和开发2D-COFs作为在水中的高效非均相光催化剂.通过后合成策略将亚胺键连接的2D-COFs氧化,制备了两种具有丰富三嗪结构单元的以酰胺键连接的2D-COFs(命名为COF-JLU18和COF-JLU19).结果表明,COF-JLU18和COF-JLU19具有高比表面积和孔体积,其比表面积分别为1156和541 m2/g;COF-JLU19具有比相似拓扑结构的亚胺COF-JLU17更好的水蒸气吸附性能.此外,COF-JLU19表现出了极高的化学稳定性,在水中、盐酸和氢氧化钠溶液中浸泡两天,其结构和结晶性均没有发生明显变化.由此可见,酰胺键不仅可以增加材料骨架的亲水性,还能够提高COFs对水的稳定性.本文制备的酰胺键连接的COF-JLU19材料,在光降解罗丹明B水溶液(RhB)反应中可以获得高达0.69 min?1的光降解速率常数,活性明显优于其他光催化剂,如C3N4等.COF-JLU19具有较好的催化活性主要归因于以下两方面:一方面,良好的亲水性和固有孔隙率之间的协同效应可以增强COFs在水中对染料的吸附能力,使其光催化活性得到有效提升;另一方面,高的结晶度和优秀的稳定性使酰胺键连接的COFs在多相光催化中实现稳定循环利用.为了扩展COFs的应用前景,本文还制备了一种基于酰胺键连接COFs的静电纺丝膜,在以太阳光为光源的光降解罗丹明B水溶液实验中表现出较高的光催化活性和重复使用性.综上,本文提出的多重协同效应为基于COFs的高效光催化剂的设计提供了一种有效策略.     

ZnO/graphene-oxide nanocomposite with remarkably enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic performance

In this work, a high-performance photocatalyst of ZnO/graphene-oxide (ZnO/GO) nanocomposite was synthesized via a facile chemical deposition route and used for the photodegradation of organic dye from water under visible light. The nanocomposite was characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller N(2) adsorption-desorption analysis, and UV-Vis diffusion reflectance spectroscopy. The ZnO/GO nanocomposite consisting of flower-like ZnO nanoparticles anchored on graphene-oxide sheets has a high surface area and hierarchical porosity, which is benefit to the adsorption and mass transfer of dye and oxygen species. For the photodegradation of organic dyes under visible light, ZnO/GO nanocomposite exhibited remarkably enhanced photocatalytic efficiency than graphene-oxide sheets and flower-like ZnO particles. Moreover, the photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO/GO nanocomposite could be further improved by annealing the product in N(2) atmosphere. The outstanding photocatalytic performance was ascribed to the efficient photosensitized electron injection and repressed charge carriers recombination in the composite with GO as electron collector and transporter, thus leading to continuous generation of reactive oxygen species for the degradation of methylene blue.     

原位合成稳定的Ti3+自修饰介孔TiO2光催化剂在环境净化中的应用

半导体光催化剂TiO2因具有绿色环保无污染、化学稳定性好及可实现稳定产氢等优点而广泛应用于光解水、废水处理和空气净化等领域.然而,锐钛矿相TiO2禁带宽度约为3.2 eV,仅对紫外光响应.而在太阳光中,44%左右为可见光,紫外光仅占不到4%.为了提高TiO2对太阳光的利用率和在可见光照射下的光催化活性,近年来人们采用掺杂金属/非金属离子以及与可见光催化剂复合等方法对TiO2进行改性.但是这些离子掺杂的方法会不可避免地在TiO2晶格中形成结构缺陷,这些结构缺陷作为光生电子和空穴的复合中心不利于电子和空穴分离.最近研究表明,通过Ti3+自掺杂可以很好提高TiO2可见光催化活性,但是目前制备Ti3+掺杂TiO2的方法较复杂,形成的Ti3+掺杂易在表面积聚而被进一步氧化,影响其光催化稳定性,不利于实际应用.因此,开发具有良好电子-空穴分离效率的可见光催化剂引起了广泛的研究兴趣.本文通过原位自掺杂Ti3+来提高TiO2可见光光催化活性.以TiCl3为钛源, H2O为溶剂, F127为软模板,采用溶剂挥发诱导自组装的方法制备了蠕虫状Ti3+自掺杂的介孔TiO2.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、N2物理吸附、紫外-可见漫反射(UV-vis)、透射电子显微镜和电子顺磁共振(EPR)对所制备样品结构、结晶度和形貌等进行了表征分析.通过控制表面活性剂用量和焙烧温度优化了Ti3+自掺杂介孔TiO2的光催化活性.结果表明,在模拟太阳光照射下,所制样品对气相光催化氧化NO和水相降解有机染料亚甲基蓝表现出优异的催化性能和稳定性. Ti3+自掺杂介孔TiO2有效扩展了催化剂的光吸收范围,提高了光生电子空穴的迁移效率.其优异的光催化活性和稳定性主要归因于掺杂在TiO2骨架中的Ti3+和所合成催化剂多孔性之间的协同效果.固体UV-vis结果表明,所合成的TiO2具有很好的可见光响应,主要归因于在TiO2材料合成过程中,部分Ti3+未被完全氧化, Ti3+掺入可以有效降低TiO2的禁带宽度.通过计算可知合成的TiO2禁带宽度为2.7 eV.通过低温EPR测试进一步证明了Ti3+的存在,而且Ti3+主要掺杂在TiO2体相中. N2物理吸附结果表明,随焙烧温度不断提高,所得产物的比表面积先增加后减少,当焙烧温度在500 oC时,比表面积最大,但至550 oC时,比表面积、孔径和孔体积增大,表明催化剂的孔结构被破坏.表面活性剂F127的用量对样品比表面积和孔径大小也有影响,当其用量为0.54 g时,所得产物的比表面积最大.我们将所合成的TiO2应用于污染气体NO的氧化,考察了焙烧温度和表面活性剂用量对光催化剂性能的影响.结果表明,当表面活性剂用量为0.54 g,焙烧温度为500oC时,所制催化剂在模拟太阳光和可见光照射下都表现出最好的NO去除转化率.将使用过的催化剂离心洗涤后进行连续反应3.5 h,依然保持很高的NO去除转化率.催化剂高活性及稳定性的主要原因是Ti3+的掺杂将TiO2光响应范围拓展到可见光区域,且Ti3+掺杂和介孔结构之间的协同作用有利于促进光生电子和空穴的分离.当催化剂在低于500 oC焙烧时,所得催化剂结晶度较低,不利于光生电子-空穴的分离,而高温焙烧则会导致催化剂介孔结构遭到破坏,不利于NO气体吸附和产物脱附.表面活性剂对催化剂活性影响较小,在可见光照射下催化剂均表现出很好的光催化活性.此外,该Ti3+自掺杂介孔TiO2在液相条件下对有机染料亚甲基蓝也表现出很好的去除效果,可见光照射2 h,亚甲基蓝去除率接近100%.