甲基丙烯酰氧基乙基三甲基氯化铵-丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸三元共聚物水溶液的盐效应研究

用恒定外加盐浓度稀释法,测定了甲基丙烯酰氧基乙三甲基氯化铵 丙烯酰胺 丙烯酸（ＤＭＣ ＡＭ ＡＡ） 三元共聚物（ＡＰＡＭ） 水溶液在分别添加不同种类外加盐时的特性粘数．实验结果表明,当外加盐浓度在一定范围内变化时,所有共聚物在ＮａＣｌ 溶液和ＮａＮＯ３ 溶液中均表现出典型的普通聚电解质粘性行为,而ＤＭＣ 和ＡＡ 近似等摩尔的共聚物在Ｎａ２ＳＯ４ 溶液中则呈现出典型的两性聚电解质粘性行为,各种外加盐对ＡＰＡＭ 溶液特性粘数影响的程度为：Ｎａ２ＳＯ４ ＞ ＣａＣｌ２ ,ＮａＮＯ３ ＞ ＮａＣｌ．     

丙烯酰胺/甲基丙烯酰氧乙基二甲基丙磺酸铵共聚物的合成及其性能

以二甲氨基乙醇和丙烯酰氯为原料,制得丙烯酸二甲胺乙酯（DMAEA）; DMAEA与1,3-丙磺内酯反应制得甜菜碱型乙烯基两性离子单体--甲基丙烯酰氧乙基二甲基丙磺酸铵（MSBM）; MSBM与50%丙烯酰胺水溶液共聚合成了两性聚合物丙烯酰胺/甲基丙烯酰氧乙基二甲基丙磺酸铵(AM/MSBM),其结构经¹H NMR和IR确证。研究了矿化度,剪切作用和温度对AM/MSBM粘度的影响。结果表明：AM/MSBM具有反聚电解质溶液行为。在实验条件（盐水矿化度1 075.9 mg·L^-1,温度45~75 ℃,剪切速率2 000 rpm）下,AM/MSBM的粘度保持率＞90%。模拟驱油实验结果表明,AM/MSBM可提高采收率13.2%。     

反相乳液聚合制备壳聚糖接枝共聚物及应用

以壳聚糖、丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵为原料,硝酸铈铵为引发剂,Span-20为乳化剂,通过反相乳液聚合技术,合成壳聚糖阳离子接枝共聚物。分析讨论了乳化剂用量、引发剂浓度、油水体积比、单体配比、反应时间、反应温度对共聚物接枝率的影响,并采用正交试验方法对合成条件进行了优化。研究了其对重金属离子Cu2 、Cd2 、Zn2 的吸附性能。结果表明,在Cu2 、Cd2 、Zn2 的混合离子体系中,该共聚物对Cu2 、Zn2 有选择性吸附。     

(2-甲基丙烯酰氧乙基)三甲基氯化铵-丙烯酰胺双水相共聚合

将(2-甲基丙烯酰氧乙基)三甲基氯化铵(DMMC)与丙烯酰胺(AM)在聚乙二醇(PEG)水溶液中进行双水相共聚合(ATPC),并与DMMC/AM均相水溶液共聚合(HASC)进行比较.在均相水溶液共聚合体系中得到了DMMC/AM共聚体系的竞聚率分别为rDMMC=1.77、rAM=0.32,并给出了竞聚率的95%,99%联合置信区域.比较了两种共聚合体系的转化率-时间曲线和共聚组成,表明双水相共聚合体系初期反应速率高于均相水溶液共聚合体系,但最终转化率相似;两种共聚合体系得到的共聚物组成有较大差别.测得了DMMC、AM以及DMMC-AM共聚物(CPAM)在65℃、反应条件下的相分配系数为K1=0.035、K2=0.125和Kp=0.011.结合双水相聚合的本质以及单体和共聚物在两相的分配系数,提出了一个计算双水相共聚组成的新方法,用该方法计算的双水相共聚合体系的共聚组成与实验点吻合较好.     

光辅助引发制备聚甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵

在紫外灯照射和引发剂作用下,通过水溶液聚合法制备聚甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(PDMC).考察了氧化-还原引发体系、氧化-还原和偶氮类引发剂用量、单体浓度、溶液pH、引发温度和络合荆用量等因素对产物特性黏数的影响,并与无光照条件下的聚合结果进行了对比.用红外光谱对所得产物进行了表征.结果表明:光辅助引发可以显著促进DMC的聚合反应.采用硫酸亚铁-过硫酸铵引发剂体系,在引发剂质量分数为0.002 0%,单体质量分数为75%,pH=4,引发温度为10℃,络合剂质量分数为0.003 0%时,所得聚合物的特性黏数达8.4 dL/g以上.     

(2-甲基丙烯酰氧乙基)三甲基氯化铵-丙烯酰胺反相微乳液共聚合研究

采用SPAN-OP复合乳化剂和K_2S_2O_8-Na_2SO_3氧化还原引发剂,进行(2-甲基丙烯酰氧乙基)三甲基氯化铵-丙烯酰胺的反相微乳液共聚合。测得单体的竞聚率r_(DM·MC)=1.11±0.16,r_(AM)=0.53±0.08。在单体总浓度为20—40％(wt),引发剂浓度为0.01—0.05％,乳化剂浓度为10—18％,聚合温度为299K的条件下,得到共聚反应动力学方程:R_p=k[M]~(1.07)[I]~(0.52)[E]~(0.90),文中对上述结果做了解释。     

丙烯酰胺－丙烯酸甲酯－2－丙烯酰胺基－2－甲基丙磺酸共聚物的合成及表征

以丙烯酰胺（ＡＭ），丙烯酸甲酯（ＭＡ）和２－丙烯酰胺基－２－甲基丙磺酸（ＡＭＰＳ）为原料，通过水溶液共聚，合成了一种新的三元共聚物。研究了影响共聚反应的因素，并对其结构进行了表征。     

(2-甲基丙烯酰氧乙基)三甲基氯化铵-丙烯酰胺反相微乳液共聚合特性研究

选用SPAN80与OP10复合乳化剂、K₂S₂O₈-Na₂SO₃氧化还原引发剂,进行(2-甲基丙烯酰氧乙基)三甲基氯化铵-丙烯酰胺反相微乳液共聚合反应.研究了单体配比、电解质浓度和乳化体系的油水比对共聚物分子量及离子度的影响,考察了该共聚合体系的反应特性.     

兼具有强阴离子性与疏水缔合性的丙烯酰胺三元共聚物

在微乳液介质中实施了丙烯酰胺 (AM)、苯乙烯 (St)、2 丙烯酰胺基 2 甲基丙磺酸钠 (NaAMPS)的共聚合 ,制备了既含有强阴离子性基团 (—SO3Na)又含有疏水基团 (St)的丙烯酰胺三元共聚物AM NaAMPS St;通过红外光谱法、紫外分光光度法及元素分析法对共聚物的结构及组成进行了表征 ;稀释外推粘度法测定了共聚物的特性粘数 ;测定了共聚物纯水溶液及盐水溶液的表观粘度 ;荧光探针法考察了三元共聚物的疏水缔合性以及离子基团对疏水缔合性的影响规律 .实验结果表明 ,在聚丙烯酰胺 (PAM )分子主链上同时引入强阴离子性基团与疏水基团后 ,阴离子的电粘效应与疏水基团的疏水缔合作用相互协同 ,会使共聚物水溶液的黏度显著提高 ;盐溶液对疏水缔合作用的增强效应与强阴离子基团对盐的较大容忍度相互结合 ,会使共聚物水溶液的抗盐性能明显得以提高 ;大分子链上的强阴离子基团磺酸根的存在 ,在一定程度上会削弱疏水基团之间的疏水缔合作用 ,即对疏水基团的疏水缔合行为会产生一定的负性影响 .     

VAC与甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵无皂乳液共聚合动力学研究

研究了醋酸乙烯酯 (VAC)与甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵 (DMC)无皂乳液共聚合动力学 ,考察了引发剂偶氮二异丁基脒盐酸盐 (AIBI)浓度、单体浓度、温度等因素对聚合反应速率的影响 ,得到单体总浓度和引发剂浓度影响反应速率的动力学方程为 :Rp=k1 [M]0 6 3[AIBA]1 0 ;各单体浓度影响反应速率的动力学方程为 :Rp=k2 [VAC]0 1 6 [DMC]0 89.聚合表观活化能为 4 4 0 1kJ·mol- 1 ,初步探讨了聚合反应机理 .     

Research Progress on Typical Quaternary Ammonium Salt Polymers

Quaternary ammonium salt polymers, a kind of polyelectrolyte with a quaternary ammonium group, are widely used in traditional and emerging industries due to their good water-solubility, adjustable cationicity and molecular weight, high efficiency and nontoxicity. In this paper, firstly, the properties and several synthesis methods of typical quaternary ammonium salt monomers were introduced. Secondly, the research progress on the synthesis of polymers was summarized from the perspective of obtaining products with high molecular weight, narrow molecular weight distribution and high monomer conversion, and special functional polymers. Thirdly, the relationships between the structures and properties of the polymer were analyzed from the perspectives of molecular weight, charge density, structural stability, and microstructural regulation of the polymer chain unit. Fourthly, typical examples of quaternary ammonium salt polymers in the application fields of water treatment, daily chemicals, petroleum exploitation, papermaking, and textile printing and dyeing were listed. Finally, constructive suggestions were put forward on developing quaternary ammonium salt polymers with high molecular weights, strengthening the research on the relationships between the structures and their properties and pinpointing relevant application fields.     

阳离子改性壳聚糖的合成工艺

弱碱性条件下,在壳聚糖（CTS）上引入2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵（CTA）基团,使其阳离子化。采用正交试验通过测定合成产物的取代度确定其最佳合成条件,再用红外光谱对产物结构进行表征。结果表明：CTS/CTA质量比=1∶5,溶胀时间60 min,碱化温度35℃,反应温度60℃,反应时间9 h为该工艺的优化条件,在此条件下合成...     

Synthesis of cationic polyacrylamide via inverse emulsion polymerization method for the application in water treatment

In order to improve the flocculent efficiency of wastewater treatment, a cationic flocculant poly (acrylamide-[2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl] trimethyl ammonium chloride) (P (AM-DMC)) (CPAM) has been synthesized successfully via an inverse emulsion polymerization. Acrylamide (AM) and [2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl] trimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC) were served as monomers. The molecular structure of CPAM was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (¹H-NMR). The morphology of CPAM particles has been investigated by transmission electron microscope (TEM). Results showed that CPAM was the copolymer of AM and DMC and the particles of CPAM were uniform spheres (the size was about 200?nm). The synthetic conditions of CPAM have been studied and optimized by single-factor experiments. An optimized product was obtained at an intrinsic viscosity of 560?mL/g with a total monomer concentration of 25% and initiator concentration V50 of 0.2% (based on the total monomer mass). The amount of emulsion was 6% and the HLB (Hydrophile-Lipophile-Balance) of emulsion was 7.3. In addition, the flocculation property of CPAM was evaluated with kaolin suspension using jar test, and the result demonstrated that the flocculation property of CPAM performed better than kaolin flocculation.     

Synthesis and Characterization of the Terpolymer of Itaconic Acid with Acrylamide and 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic Acid

The thermal stability of the polymer is of great significance in paper, ceramics and oil industry1. Conventional polymers such as polyanionic cellulose can not meet high temperature limitations2-4. Aggour5-6 and Collette7 etc. have conducted extensive research on synthesis and characterizations of the copolymer or terpolymer containing 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS). Till now, very few research works have been reported on the terpolymer of itaconic acid (IA), acrylamid…     

INFLUENCES OF WATER-SOLUBLE CATIONIC MONOMERS ON THE POLYMERIZATION RATE IN THE INVERSE EMULSION

This investigation deals with the free radical polymerization both of (2-methacryloyloxy-ethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride (QACEMA) and of diallyldimethyl ammoniumcbloride (DADMAC) in inverse emulsion. The influences of some factors, such as theconcentration of monomers, initiator and emulsifier are discussed. The polymerization rateequations of above two monomers can be written as follows:R_p= k[M]~(1.21) [I]~(0.82) [E]~(0.57) (for QACEMA)R_p= k'[M]~(1.34) [I]~(0.90)[E]~(0.62)(for DADMAC)     

CnNCl和SDS在水溶液中的相互作用

CnNCl和SDS在水溶液中的相互作用;滴定式微量热法; 烷氧基羟丙基三甲基氯化铵; 十二烷基硫酸钠;胶束;疏水作用     

N-[4-(磺酰胺)苯基](甲基)丙烯酰胺的合成

以对氨基苯磺酰胺、丙烯酰氯(或甲基丙烯酰氯)为原料合成了N-[4-(磺酰胺)苯基]丙烯酰胺(ASPAA)和N-[4-(磺酰胺)苯基]甲基丙烯酰胺(ASPMAA),其结构经^1H NMR,IR和元素分析表征。合成ASPAA的最佳条件：对氨基苯磺酰胺13．76g(80mmol),n(对氨基苯磺酰胺)：n(丙烯酰氯)=1．0：1．1,n(丙烯酰氯)：n(NaHCO3)：1．00：1．14,0℃～2℃反应3h,反应液倾入10倍体积的的甲醇-水[V(甲醇)：V(水)=1：10]中析出产物,收率在60％以上。合成ASPMAA的最佳条件：对氨基苯磺酰胺6．88g(40mmol),n(对氨基苯磺酰胺)：n(甲基丙烯酰氯)=1.00：1．05,n(三己胺)：n(甲基丙烯酰氯)：1．0：1．0,在0℃～2℃滴加甲基丙烯酰氯后先在室温下反应1h,然后在60℃反应1h,反应液倾入700mL石油醚中析出产物,收率50％～60％．     

十二水硫酸铁铵催化合成丙酸酯

研究了十二水合硫酸铁铵催化下丙酸与不同醇的酯化作用。结果表明 ,硫酸铁铵的催化活性良好。该法具有操作方便、反应温和、无腐蚀和无废酸排放等优点     

硫酸铁铵催化合成肉桂酸酯

利用十二水合硫酸铁铵为催化剂,使肉桂酸与醇类发生酯化反应合成了肉桂酸甲酯、肉桂酸乙酯、肉桂酸正丙酯、肉桂酸正丁酯、肉桂酸异丁酯、肉桂酸正戊酯和肉桂酸异戊酯,测定了各种酯的沸点（或熔点）折光率、元素组成和IR。