青蒿素及其一类物结构和合成的研究XV. 青蒿酸A,B环的构型

青蒿酸甲酯4环氧化所得的化合物5和6经三氟化硼重排生成的7及其表异构物8在圆二色谱294nm 附近分别出现负的和正的Cotton 效应. 因而推定青蒿酸的A,B环为顺式稠合. 用双氢青蒿酸甲酯也得到相同的CD结果.     

青蒿素及其一类物结构和合成的研究 X.从青蒿酸立体控制合成青蒿素和脱氧青蒿素

Arteannuin (1), a new sesquiterpene lactone containing a peroxide group, is the antimalarial active principle isolated from Artemisia annua L. Deoxyarteannuin (2) occurs in the same plant and was isolated as a metabolite from the urine of patients treated with arteannuin. We now report a stereocontrolled synthesis of these two naturally occurring sesquiterpene lactones starting from arteannuic acid (5) by the reaction sequence as shown in Scheme 2 (see Chinese Text). Irradiation of the methanolic solution of the key intermediate 3 in the resence of oxygen and a sensitizer (Rose Bangal) with 200 W high pressure mercury lamp followed by acid treatment gave 1 in 28% yield (2 steps), m.p. 151-153`c,     

青蒿素及其一类物的结构和合成 XXI: 青蒿酸的全合成

青蒿酸与抗疟新药青蒿素共存于植物青蒿中, 具有显著的抗菌活性, 它的结构和立体化学已经确定, 并被用作合成青蒿素及其一类物的原料, 本文报导以R-(+)-香草醛为原料合成青蒿酸。     

青蒿素及其一类物的结构和合成 XXIII: 脱氧青蒿素碱降解产物内酯构型的测定

本文根据具有双氢青蒿乙素这类结构的化合物, 其内酯构型和内酯羰基α-位氢的化学位移间存在的经验性规律, 推定了脱氧青蒿素碱降解产物的内酯构型应为β-顺式内酯构型2, 并通过合成此降解产物加以证实, 同时讨论了降解产物形成的机理。     

青蒿素及其类似物的结构和合成 VIII:^1H核磁共振测定青蒿素降解物及有关化合物的构型

The present report deals with the stereochemistry of the degradation products of arteannuin and some intermediates of its total synthesis. The configurations of 13-CH3 and lactone ring are deduced by using spin-spin coupling constants and the pattern of 11-H as well as the NOE results from 1H NMR spectroscopy.     

青蒿素及其一类物结构和合成的研究XIV.6-异脱氧双氢青蒿乙素的内酯构型和反应

根据圆二色谱和化学反应确定6的内酯构型为β-顺式,6用Pd-CaCO3或NaBH4-NiCl2还原时发生SN2'反应而得烯酸10。     

Studies on the structures and syntheses of arteannuin and related compounds: XVI. Synthesis of arteannuin E and epoxy fission reaction of methyl α-epoxy arteannuinate

Arteannuin E was synthesized from methyl β-epoxy arteannuinate by treatment with formic acid followed by hydrolysis and lactonization. Methyl α-epoxy arteannuinate or methyl α-epoxy dihydroarteannuinate treated with formic acid did not produce the trans-diaxial product. Arteannuin E (1) and arteannuin F (2) exist together with the arteannuin (3) in Artemisia annua L.¹ The structures were determined¹ and 2 was synthesized.² The structure difference lies in the different fusion of their lactone rings. In this paper we will report the synthesis of 1 and the epoxy fission reaction of the methyl α-epoxy arteannuinate (4).     

青蒿素生物合成的研究1. 青蒿素体内青蒿酸的生物合成

应用幼苗水培法或顶株扦插法, 在青蒿植株体内以[2-^1^4c]-3,5-二羟基-3-甲基戊酸-δ-内酯([2-^1^4C]-MVA)为前体, 成功地生物合成了青蒿酸(3).     

青蒿素及其一类物的结构和合成XI.青蒿乙素及异青蒿乙素的立体选择性合成

本文报道以青蒿酸为原料合成青蒿乙素(1)及其6β-异构体4. 并根据红外光谱丶核磁共振谱丶圆二色散以及有关的化学反应确定了究们的结构和构型.     

青蒿素及其一类物的结构和合成XVI.青蒿戊素的合成和α-环氧青蒿酸甲酯环氧的开环反应

β-环氧青蒿酸甲酯(25)经甲酸处理得反式双竖键开环产物(26),经水解和内酯化得青蒿戊素(1),α-环氧青蒿酸甲酯(5)或叔丁酯(18)及α-环氧双氢青蒿酸甲酯(12a,b)与甲酸反应未生成反式双竖键开环产物,并对其反应机理作了讨论。     

青蒿素生物合成的研究III: 青蒿素和青蒿素B生物合成中的关键性中间体-青蒿素

以[15-^3H]青蒿酸为前体用青蒿匀聚浆体进行青蒿素和青蒿素B的生物合成.实验结果表明, 在青蒿植物由MVA生物合成青蒿素和青蒿素B的途径中, 青蒿酸是关键性中间体.     

Studies on structure and synthesis of arteannuin and related compound xx. The structure of a new peroxidic arteannuin degradation product and the lactone configuration of related compound

Determination of structure of a new peroxidic product 3 obtained from the degradation of arteannuin 1 and lactone configuration of the related compound 4 by means of chemical transformation and X-ray analysis are described.     

Studies on the syntheses of heterocyclic compounds. Part CCLXXIII. Synthesis of C-nordihydrocorynantheol and its related compounds

Mannich reaction of tryptamine with 3,3,4-triethoxycarbonylhexaldehyde (IV) gave the cyclized product (VIII), whose hydrolysis, followed by decarboxylation, afforded the acid (IX). After esterification of IX, reduction of ester (X) with lithium aluminum hydride gave the C-nordihydrocorynantheol (II). The syntheses of IV and XV were also described. Furthermore, the Mannich reaction of L-N-benzyl-1-methyltryptophan methyl ester (XV) with IV was also examined. This reaction gave the ester (XVII), which was hydrolyzed and decarboxylated to give the acid (XVIII). Esterification of XVIII, followed by catalytic hydrogenation, gave the lactam (III).     

Studies on the syntheses of heterocyclic compounds. Part DCXLIV . Catalytic reduction of homoproaporphine related compounds

Hydrogenation of the homoproaporphine (IV) over platinum oxide gave a mixture of the cyclohexanols VIIa and VIIb. In contrast, reduction of IV on palladium provided the cyclo-hexanone VI, which was also obtained from VIIb by oxidation. Treatment of the cyclohexanols VIIa and VIIb under hydrogen on platinum oxide afforded the same mixture of VIIa and VIIb.