Investigation of the ETA-BETA II plasma edge by surface analysis of collector probes

To investigate the ion flux escaping from the plasma and the impurity flux released by the wall, collector probes made of graphite, silicon and titanium have been exposed to the deuterium plasma confined in the toroidal device ETA BETA II. The damages on the collector surfaces have been surveyed by a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) apparatus. The deuterium and impurity retention have been measured by elastic recoil detection (ERD) and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) techniques respectively. The implantation build-up has been investigated as a function of the exposure time. The deuterium dose in graphite saturates after a few discharges, whereas the metal impurities exhibit a linear increase in time. The deuterium flux and its radial dependence, inferred from the implanted concentrations, have been compared with those measured by Langmuir probes. Metal impurities have been identified and their relative abundances have been compared with the material wall composition. The impurity flux is found consistent with the global content in the plasma derived by spectroscopic measurements. The deuterium dose measured in different samples has been related to the backscattering coefficient of the materials. Finally, to investigate the damage on sample probes facing the plasma particle flow, erosion probes made of vitreous graphite with silver implanted at a fixed depth have been exposed to the plasma and the thickness change after exposure recovered.     

Size effect on doped single walled carbon nanotubes

Considering impurity doping in small sized carbon nanotubes of diameter around 0.4 nm, we have calculated the donor binding energy by increasing the dopant concentration through a screening function that includes the curvature effect. We could observe the sudden fall in donor binding energy and metallic behaviour of the smaller single walled carbon nanotubes around 10¹¹/cm² (0.0026%) of impurity concentration. This result is useful for nano electronic device application such as nano diodes and switches.     

CFETR不同位置充气下的辐射偏滤器模拟研究

利用边缘等离子体数值模拟程序SOLPS对氩杂质注入下中国聚变工程试验堆装置辐射偏滤器运行模式进行了模拟研究。在达到相同的总辐射功率(P_rad～170MW)时,四种不同充气方案下(从上游充入氘氩混合气体,从外偏滤器充入氘氩混合气体,从内偏滤器充入氘氩混合气体,从上游充入氘气的同时从外偏滤器充入氩气)在外中平面的模拟区域内边界(ρ=0.9)处的有效离子电荷数Z_eff分别为2.8、3.1、3.4、2.7。模拟结果与DⅢ-D及C-MOD的实验结论一致。当从上游充入氘气时,可以增强刮削层中的本底等离子体流,从而得到相对更好的杂质屏蔽效果;同时由于偏滤器靶板再循环杂质源占主导作用,注入氩气的位置对于模拟结果影响不大。     

Deuterium accumulation in tungsten under low-energy high-flux plasma exposure

The accumulation of deuterium implanted in tungsten is simulated within the framework of kinetic diffusion theory. The influence of the tungsten microstructure (dislocation density and impurity concentration) on the process of deuterium capture and accumulation is considered. It is established that, under the chosen irradiation conditions, deuterium accumulation in the near-surface region is determined by capture at defects formed during implantation. The deuterium concentration gradient, together with the material microstructure, determines its accumulation in tungsten. Variation in the dislocation density and impurity concentration does not affect the simulation results, which is, first, related to the fact that the model used does not contain alternative mechanisms for the formation and growth of vacancy clusters under the subthreshold irradiation mode. The simulation results are compared with experimental data, and ways of improving the model are discussed in order to explain the deuterium-saturation effect for high fluences (more than 10²³ m^?2).     

Determination of the deuterium content of deuterated betaine arsenate by electron spin echo envelope modulation

An alternative method for the determination of the deuterium content in the hydrogen bonds of ferroelectric/antiferroelectric deuterated betaine arsenate is presented. Carbon radicals formed by gamma irradiation of the betaine arsenate have been used as paramagnetic probes. The deuterium content in the hydrogen bonds has been determined by analyzing the modulation in the electron spin echo spectra of the carbon radical (CH₃)₃N+CHCOO^? which arises because of the dipolar interactions between the paramagnetic radical and the deuterium nuclei.     

Intermediate valence impurity with a local boson field. Response to external probes

The spinless Anderson impurity model accomplished by the coupling with local bosons is considered in the context of the response to external probes. The influence of the electron-boson coupling on the behaviour of the spectral functions is analysed with the help of the method of equations of motion for Green functions within the approximation scheme, leading to analytical expressions. With the increase of electron-boson coupling the boson satellite appears in the spectra whose structure is then smeared.     

HT-6M托卡马克装置杂质输运

利用多道可见光谱探测系统和近紫外转镜系统测量了HT-6M托卡马克等离子体中杂质的时空分布.建立完备的杂质输运程序，数值模拟碳、氧杂质在欧姆放电时的输运行为，得出了杂质的扩散和对流系数、不同电离态杂质离子密度、辐射功率密度和有效电荷数的空间分布. 分析低混杂波电流驱动（LHCD）期间杂质行为，结果表明等离子体粒子约束、杂质约束和能 量约束提高，辐射功率和有效电荷数减小. 关键词： 托卡马克 杂质输运 扩散系数 对流系数     

磁约束等离子体中杂质离子的输运方程

以非平衡态统计理论为基础,从福克尔-普朗克动理学方程出发推导出了各种杂质离子、氘离子和电子的输运动力学方程,即特殊的多组分等离子体输运方程。各级电离过程中形成的带不同电荷杂质离子的输运动力学过程以及不同粒子间碰撞相互作用的贡献在文中进行了系统的分析。此外,在重新推导并优化的基本方程组基础上,得到了各种杂质离子的输运动力学方程。     

Study on deuterium absorption of Pd at high-pressure D2 gas and low temperatures

Summary This paper presents studies on the absorption and desorption behaviour of deuterium in Pd and Ti subjected to high pressure D₂ ((6÷90) atm), by measuring the resistivity in cyclic conditions of temperature ranging from 77 K up to room temperature. Numerical calculations have also been performed for the deuterium absorption behaviour based on the diffusion equation. The results show that:a) deuterium starts to be absorbed into the bulk of Pd metal within (240÷270) K depending on the pressure;b) the absorption is dominated by a surface process.     

Investigation of the accumulation of deuterium in carbon-deuterium films from the T-10 tokamak

This paper reports the experimental data obtained on the chemical composition of homogeneous carbon films codeposited with deuterium in the T-10 tokamak, the deuterium distribution over the thickness of the films, and the dependence of the ratio between the atomic concentrations of deuterium and carbon (D/C) on the annealing temperature. The experimental data obtained are compared with the results of similar investigations of carbon-hydrogen films formed in the TFTR tokamak.     

Interaction of oxygen and carbon impurities with the multiphonon infrared absorption bands of Silicon at low temperatures

Infrared absorptance measurements of polycrystalline silicon and single crystals of silicon having oxygen and carbon impurities were carried out at low temperatures in the wavelength range of multiphonon infrared absorption of silicon. Peak absorptance and frequencies were measured at temperatures from 10 to 130 K at intervals of 10 K. Absorptance-temperature curves were plotted for multiphonon bands and impurity bands. It has been observed that the three phonon band [2 TO (Γ) + TA (L)] exhibits a resonance-like behaviour with the anti-stretching mode of Si-O at low temperatures.     

Spatial distribution of local density of states in vicinity of impurity on semiconductor surface

We present the results of detailed theoretical investigations of changes in local density of total electronic surface states in 2D anisotropic atomic semiconductor lattice in vicinity of impurity atom for a wide range of applied bias voltage. We have found that taking into account changes in density of continuous spectrum states leads to the formation of a downfall at the particular value of applied voltage when we are interested in the density of states above the impurity atom or even to a series of downfalls for the fixed value of the distance from the impurity. The behaviour of local density of states with increasing of the distance from impurity along the chain differs from behaviour in the direction perpendicular to the chain. The article is published in the original.     

The carbon impurity ohmic discharges on particle transport in the HT-7 tokamak

The line-integrated optical measurement of impurity radiation profiles for the study of light impurity transport is performed in the HT-7 tokamak. The carbon impurity line emissivity is obtained by Abel inversion. The radial transport behaviours of carbon impurities at different central line averaged electron densities ne are investigated in ohmic discharges. The diffusion coefficient Dk（r）, the convection velocity Wk（r） and the total flux of the impurity ions Fk decrease with the increase of ne, which shows a reduction in the impurity particle transport at higher electron densities.     

单壁碳纳米管杨氏模量的掺杂效应

用分子动力学方法研究了N,O,Si,P,S等5种杂质对扶手椅型(5，5)和锯齿型(9，0)单壁碳纳米管杨氏模量的影响.结果表明：直径为0.678和0.704 nm的扶手椅型(5，5)和锯齿型(9，0)碳纳米管在无掺杂时其杨氏模量分别为948和804 GPa.在掺杂浓度10％以下，碳纳米管的拉伸杨氏模量均随掺杂浓度增加近似呈线性下降规律，下降率以Si掺杂最大，N掺杂最小.对与C同周期的元素掺杂，随原子序数增加碳纳米管的杨氏模量下降率增大；与C不同周期的元素掺杂，碳纳米管的杨氏模量随掺杂浓度增加下降率更大，但 关键词： 碳纳米管 杂质 杨氏模量 分子动力学方法     

Regularities and mechanisms of hydrogen trapping in graphitized carbon composite upon irradiation by atoms with thermal velocities

Experiments are performed to study particle trapping in a graphitized carbon composite upon its exposure to a flux of deuterium atoms. It is shown that irradiation by deuterium atoms with thermal velocities ensures trapping according to a potential mechanism: atoms of the irradiating flux and hydrogen atoms from a layer of water molecules sorbed on the surface are both trapped. Mechanisms of trapping are discussed. Based on the experimental results, the contribution to deuterium-atom trapping in CFC irradiated in deuterium plasma is determined for each component-ions, electrons, and atoms.     

Results from neutral kaon regeneration at high energies

The experimental neutral kaon regenerations results at Serpukhov energies up to 50 GeV are presented, including the coherent regeneration on hydrogen, deuterium and carbon regenerators and elastic regeneration on deuterium and preliminary carbon regenerators.Presented at the Symposium on Hadron-Hadron Scattering at High Energies, Liblice, Czechoslovakia, June 16–21, 1975.I wish to thank all my collegues who participated in the regeneration experiments.     

Temperature dependence of impurity resistivity due to hydrogen in metals

Using a self-consistent calculation, we show that the impurity resistivity of metals containing hydrogen or deuterium decreases as temperature increases. We also predict a significant isotope effect that is largest at O K and vanishes at high temperatures. These effects should be common to all metal-hydrogen systems and could be detected by precision experiments.     

Dependence of in—tube doping on the radius and helicity of single—wall carbon nanotubes

Using the Lennard－Jones interaction potential between the impurity atom and carbon atom, we have studied the dependence of in-tube impurity doping on the radius of a single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT), as well as its helicity. The obtained results show that the radius of the most stably doped SWNT is different for different kinds of impurity atoms. This is useful for producing the required doped SWNT. In addition, it is found that the helicity of tube has a strong effect on the potential energy of the atoms doped in the SWNT.     

Magnetic disaccommodation in cobalt following low temperature electron irradiation. I: Anneal below 300 K

Abstract

Magnetic after-effect measurements have been made in the temperature range 4.2–300 K on both polycrystalline and single-crystal cobalt samples following irradiation with 3 MeV electrons. The temperature of irradiation was 30 K and the dose 10²³ m^?2. All stable relaxation peaks have been analysed quantitatively and their correlated annealing behaviour investigated. The results are discussed in terms of both intrinsic interstitial clusters and also the interaction of intrinsic interstitials with interstitial carbon and substitutional impurity atoms.     

Four-terminal resistance of an interacting quantum wire with weakly invasive contacts

We analyze the behavior of the four-terminal resistance, relative to the two-terminal resistance of an interacting quantum wire with an impurity, taking into account the invasiveness of the voltage probes. We consider a one-dimensional Luttinger model of spinless fermions for the wire. We treat the coupling to the voltage probes perturbatively, within the framework of non-equilibrium Green function techniques. Our investigation unveils the combined effect of impurities, electron-electron interactions and invasiveness of the probes on the possible occurrence of negative resistance.