谱线自动提取的小波变换零交叉点方法

将原始光谱进行小波变换,然后研究谱线在小波变换域内呈现的特性,通过引入上、下零交叉点的概念,分析并得到吸收线和发射线分别对应于不同类型的零交叉点的结论。提出一种小波变换零交叉点方法用于提取谱线和拟合连续谱,与传统方法相比,该方法可以同时得到连续谱和谱线,并且无需专门去噪处理,克服了传统方法因拟合连续谱失真和去噪过程中带来的误差导致提取谱线不准确的缺点。通过对恒星、近邻星系等的试验表明,该方法是有效的, 对特征参数计算和基于谱线的光谱分类是非常有利的。     

Spectral measurements of local parameters of plasmas using CCD matrices

The possibility of obtaining local contours of spectral lines of strongly inhomogeneous doubly ionized nitrogen plasma with the help of a system that involves a spectrograph and a megapixel CCD matrix is shown. An automated measuring system based on a CCD matrix is described, and a procedure for processing matrix spectra is presented. The results of the Abel transform of the chord distributions of spectral line intensities of ions with different degrees of ionization are presented. Determined local contours of spectral lines can be used for estimating local temperatures and electron concentrations in strongly ionized spatially inhomogeneous plasmas.     

Measuring the wavelength of light wave with four-sides prism spectrograph

The angular dispersion of four-sides prism is presented. A more accurate amended expression of measuring the wavelength of light wave with the spacing between two spectral lines is presented. The spacing between two spectral lines is measured with measuring microscope, the wavelength of light wave is calculated with the amended expression, the experimental values of wavelengths agree well with the reference value.     

Peculiar Features of the Spectrum Saturation Effect When the Spectral Diffusion Operates: System with Two Frequencies

The saturation of a spectrum with two separated spectral lines is theoretically analyzed in the presence of the spectral diffusion. Surprising effects of circularly polarized alternating magnetic field on the spectrum under saturation conditions were obtained. The alternating magnetic field pushes two lines apart, while the spectral diffusion tends to shift the lines to the center of gravity. As a result, the so-called exchange narrowing of the spectrum occurs at a higher spectral diffusion rate with the increase in the amplitude of the alternating magnetic field. The spectrum is presented as a sum of two lines which correspond to the two independent collective modes of the magnetization vectors motion. The resonance frequencies of these modes depend on the spectral diffusion rate and the intensity of the alternating magnetic field.     

基于谱线匹配技术的星载成像光谱仪星上光谱定标方法研究

介绍了一种基于谱线匹配技术的星上光谱定标方法,该定标方法选取大气吸收线作为匹配谱线,采用相关系数法作为匹配结果判定条件标进行光谱定标。为模拟星上定标过程,将谱线匹配技术应用于振动试验后的成像光谱仪,振动试验可以模拟成像光谱仪在升空过程中受到的振动。星上光谱定标包括成像光谱仪分辨率的确定、面阵探测器光谱维和空间维像元中心波长的定标。由定标结果可知,振动试验后光谱仪分辨率为0.40 nm,与振动试验前相比没有发生变化;光谱维像元中心波长向长波偏移0.08 nm(小于一个像元);空间维像元光谱弯曲(光谱smile) 向短波方向弯曲,最大弯曲值为0.96 nm,近似于振动试验前光谱弯曲值。由此验证了谱线匹配技术进行星上光谱定标的可行性。     

Band tunable X-ray flat crystal spectrometer for laser-produced plasma spectroscopy measurements

An updated design of a band-tunable flat crystal spectrometer is presented. The new configuration contributes to a broad spectral coverage with greater resolving power, a strong rejection of hard X-ray backgrounds, and decreased sensitivity to source broadening for an extended source. To verify the performance of the spectrometer, spectral lines were measured using a potassium acid phthalate crystal for highly ionized species of aluminum or silicon, and the results were compared by measuring H- and He-like Al and Si lines by rotating the crystal to selected Bragg angles, at the Shenguang II laser facility. The observed energy-coverage range is consistent with the theoretical predictions, as well as with the measured spectral resolution of ~300.     

Comparison of Radial Helium Emission Line Profiles in Transverse and Longitudinal Hollow Cathode Discharges

Results of measurements of the radial distributions of intensities of the He I and He II spectral lines emitted by the transverse and longitudinal hollow cathode discharges direct current excited are presented. The results show that both hollow cathode discharges exhibit different excitation efficiency of the spectral lines. The metastable level 2s³S seems to be important for excitation of He I emission lines.     

An analytical model for total absorption of a band

A theoretical model for total absorption of a band is developed based on the Elsasser band model and considering the effects of spectral band contour and low-intensity lines in the spectral band. This model yields a simple and analytical expression and has the correct asymptotic forms. Comparisons with other models are presented.     

Utilisation des approximants de pade pour l'etude des largeurs equivalentes des raies formees en atmosphere diffusante

In order to obtain the distribution of the photon optical paths, p(λ), for a cloudy atmosphere, it is proposed to invert the Laplace transform by means of Pade approximants. This procedure is equivalent to the definition of p(λ). The stability of the method is tested and some examples of p(λ) are presented. The method is applied to the determination of the equivalent widths of spectral lines formed in a scattering atmosphere. An analytical expression is proposed for the Lorentz lines; the optical path corresponding to the weak lines is determined in the same manner as for the strong lines. Some examples of “curves of growth” are presented.     

光谱线型函数的四种形式及其变换关系

从理论上研究了光谱线型函数的四种形式及其关系,以多普勒展宽导致的线型函数为例,分析了光子数、能量按频率及波长分布函数的最大值和半高全宽。结果表明,光子数、能量按频率的分布函数近似相等,光子数、能量按波长的分布函数也近似相等。通过对多普勒线型函数的分析,建立了根据两条光谱线的线型函数的最大值比值求得光子数比值的方法。     

基于卷积型小波包变换的谱线自动提取方法

天体光谱中的谱线包含重要的天体物理信息。文章提出一种基于卷积型小波包变换的谱线自动提取方法。该方法由以下主要步骤组成：(1)将观测光谱进行4层卷积型小波包变换;(2)对第四层小波包系数,采用区域相关算法以及阈值处理方法进行噪声处理;(3)选择中高频小波包系数进行谱线特征重构;(4)根据重构后的谱线特征,利用谱线搜索方法,在观测光谱中提取谱线。作者在实验中用恒星、正常星系和活动星系光谱进行谱线提取测试,结果表明该方法具有对噪声鲁棒和谱线提取准确等特点。用该方法提取sloan digital sky survey(SDSS)光谱中的谱线后,计算了红移并与SDSS给出的红移进行了对比,实验结果间接验证了该方法提取谱线的有效性。     

基于稀疏表示的谱线自动提取方法

谱线提取在光谱分析中起着非常重要的作用,它对后续的光谱分类和参数测量有着直接的影响。文章提出了一种基于稀疏表示的谱线自动提取方法。首先,用基于稀疏表示的小波去噪方法去除噪声,该方法通过对光谱信号对应的小波系数进行稀疏化处理来达到去噪的目的,其优点是在处理小波系数时虽然将其作为整体进行考虑,但依然能保持小波系数的局部特性不变,所以在去噪的同时很好地保持了特征谱线的信息。其次,利用小波变换与样条拟合相结合的方法拟合出较为满意的伪连续谱,该方法在拟合过程中,先将强谱线扣除掉,从而使得拟合结果非常接近真实的连续谱。最后,通过对归一化后的谱线光谱设置自适应局部阈值来提取特征谱线。实验结果表明该方法切实有效。     

单层纳米碳管振动模的拉曼光谱研究

测量了单层纳米碳管的一级、二级拉曼光谱.在40—3300cm^-1范围内观测到18条一级拉曼谱线和7条二级拉曼谱线,理论所预言的谱线几乎全被观测到,谱峰位置和理论值符合得很好.通过和理论值的对照,对这些谱线作了初步标定.所观测到的单层纳米碳管的拉曼激活振动模数目及二级拉曼谱线条数都是迄今最多的. 关键词：     

Spectral density of surface states: Clean W(001) surface

The transfer matrix approach is applied to calculate the spectral density of electronic states for the W(001) surface. We use a tight-binding hamiltonian with a nine function basis: 6s, 6p and 5d. Results for $\text{k}$ points along the Σ and ? symmetry lines are presented for occupied states. Both surface and bulk features of the spectral density are in good agreement with angularly resolved photoemission spectra.     

HF/DF激光传输的大气衰减特性

 大气中的水汽对DF激光主要强线的吸收相对较小，而HF激光的大多数谱线受水汽和CO₂分子等的吸收较大。利用较新的HITRAN96数据库和我国不同地区的气象资料，采用逐线积分法计算了HF/DF 激光的大气衰减情况。所选的谱线中，在合肥地区（年平均）， HF的水汽吸收系数最大值可达到10km^-1的数量级，二氧化碳吸收系数最大可达10^-4~10^-3km^-1量级，P2(8)线吸收最弱；DF激光水汽吸收系数最大值可达到10^-1km^-1,比HF低2个量级，且随高度衰减很快，10km处就到10^-5~10^-4km^-1量级，P2(8)线吸收最弱。在我国，由南向北，由夏季到冬季，水汽浓度减少，大气对HF/DF激光的吸收率也相应地递减。     

样品的激光诱导击穿光谱及谱线的自吸收现象

以脉冲Nd∶AG激光器的二倍频输出为激发源,获得了一种家庭用煤的激光诱导击穿光谱(laser induced breakdown spectrum,LIBS)。通过对谱线的归属,发现该煤种除包含文献报道的C,Si,Mg,Fe,Al,Ca,Ti,Na,K元素外,还包含Cd,Co,Hf,Ir,Li,Mn,Ni,Rb,Sr,V,W,Zn,Zr等微量元素,谱图中没有出现对应H和O元素的谱线,把该现象归因于H和O原子的跃迁概率较小,而灵敏谱线对应跃迁的上能级能量较大。同时发现随激光脉冲能量的增加,等离子体发射谱线的强度增大,增加到一定程度,K原子766.493和769.921 nm谱线会出现自吸收现象,自吸收的程度随激光能量的增加而增强,出现明显的双峰结构,把自吸收现象归因于原子大的跃迁概率及激光强度增加引起等离子体中粒子数密度的增大。     

Calculation of optical depths from an integral of the Voigt function

The optical depth along a vertical path in an atmosphere in hydrostatic equilibrium can be calculated from an integral of the Voigt function for the case where the absorption is due to spectral lines. Series expansions are presented that allow rapid evaluation of this integral over all values of the independent variables, frequency and pressure.     

Shapes of Fe <Emphasis Type="Italic">K</Emphasis><Subscript>α</Subscript> lines from annuli near black holes

Recent x-ray observations of microquasars and Seyfert galaxies reveal broad emission lines in their spectra, which can arise in the innermost parts of accretion disks. We consider a radiating annulus model to simulate spectral line shapes. That is a natural approximation for narrow emitting circular rings without extra astrophysical assumptions about emissivity laws. Recently, Müller and Camenzind (Astron. Astrophys. 413, 861 (2004)) presented results of their calculations and classified different types of spectral line shapes and described their origin. We clarified their hypothesis about an origin of double peaked and double horned line shapes. On the basis of results of numerical simulations, we showed that double peaked spectral lines arise almost for any locations of narrow emission rings (annuli), although Müller and Camenzind claimed that such profiles arise for relatively flat spacetimes and typical radii for emission region of about 25r _g. We showed that triangular spectral lines could arise for nearest annuli and high inclination angles. We discuss a possibility of appearance of narrow spectral line shapes as a result of spiraling evolution of matter along quasi-circular orbits which could be approximated by narrow annuli. The text was submitted by the author in English.     

The dispersion characteristics of shielded microstrip lines on magnetized ferrite and anisotropic dielectric substrates

The dispersion characteristics of the dominant mode in shielded microstrip lines on magnetized ferrite and anisotropic dielectric substrates have been obtained. The solution is obtained by applying the transverse equivalent transmission line in the spectral domain and Galerkin's method. Numerical results for the frequency-dependent propagation constants are presented which could be used in designing directional couplers and isolators.     

Simultaneous detection of Raman- and collision-induced molecular rotations of O2 and N2 via femtosecond multi-pulses in combination with quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy

Molecular rotational states of nitrogen and oxygen molecules at room temperature and atmospheric pressure are excited by femtosecond double- and multi-pulses with variable temporal pulse distances, and quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy is used for their detection. A simple extrapolation of measured double-pulse data is presented, which predicts form and position of Raman-excited spectral features and thus enables us to distinguish between spectral lines caused by Raman-scattering- and collision-induced absorption both appearing when excitation by pulse trains is used.