爆炸载荷作用下铝蜂窝夹芯板的动力响应

为了考察铝蜂窝夹芯板在爆炸载荷下的动态响应,采用自行设计的冲击摆系统,用激光位移传感器测定了爆炸载荷作用在铝蜂窝夹芯板上的冲量,对夹芯板的变形和失效模式进行了归类和分析,并就芯层的几何尺寸、炸药当量及板厚对其响应的影响进行了系统研究。给出的理论分析结果与实验结果吻合较好。     

梯度蜂窝夹芯板在爆炸荷载作用下的动力响应

利用弹道冲击摆锤系统对分层梯度蜂窝夹芯板在爆炸荷载下的动力响应进行了实验研究,分析了梯度蜂窝夹芯板在爆炸荷载作用下的变形失效模式,并与传统非梯度蜂窝夹芯板的抗爆性能做了对比。通过一维应力波理论,分析了应力波在梯度芯层中的传播规律。应力波透射系数在梯度试件中比非梯度芯层中小,而且相对密度递减的芯层组合有最小的应力波透射系数。综合考虑结构变形失效模式,后面板挠度,芯层压缩量以及应力波传播特点得到:分层梯度蜂窝夹芯板的抗爆性能明显优于传统的非梯度夹芯板,在所研究的荷载范围内,芯层相对密度从大到小排列试件的抗爆性能相对较好。     

电炮加载下芳纶蜂窝夹芯板的动力响应

研究了方形钛-芳纶蜂窝夹芯板在电炮驱动的高速聚酯飞片撞击加载下的动力响应,给出了面板和蜂窝芯层在不同冲击速度下的变形及失效模式。采用VISAR(velocity interferometer system for any reflector)测速技术测量了后面板中心点的速度时程,分析了芳纶蜂窝夹芯板的动态响应过程,讨论了冲击速度对夹芯板动力响应和抗冲击能力的影响。研究结果表明,低波阻抗的芳纶蜂窝破碎行为阻断了应力波向后面板的传播途径,破碎的蜂窝和塑形大变形的前面板吸收了高速冲击的大部分能量,充分发挥了钛合金的高强度和芳纶蜂窝的缓冲吸能特性,提高了夹芯板整体的防护能力。     

低速冲击下负泊松比蝴蝶形蜂窝夹芯板的动力响应

为了研究负泊松比蝴蝶形蜂窝夹芯板在低速冲击下的动力学响应,采用质量-弹簧模型获得了冲击器与蜂窝夹芯板之间的接触力,同时基于哈密顿原理和一阶剪切变形理论推导了负泊松比蝴蝶形蜂窝夹芯板的运动方程,采用Navier法和Duhamel积分对蜂窝板的振动位移进行了理论解析求解。在理论验证方面,蜂窝夹芯板前5阶固有频率的数值模拟结果与理论模型计算结果的最大相对误差为6.52%,蜂窝夹芯板中心最大横向位移的数值模拟结果与理论模型计算结果的最大相对误差为6.84%,理论模型求解的接触力与文献得到的接触力的最大相对误差为8%,验证了理论模型的有效性。结果表明,随着球形冲击器冲击速度的递增,蜂窝夹芯板的最大横向位移呈现递增的规律。而在相同冲击载荷下,蜂窝夹芯板的抗冲击特性随着胞元壁厚的增大而增强,随着胞元角度的增大而减弱;随着负泊松比蝴蝶形蜂窝夹芯板长宽比以及夹芯层与顶部蒙皮层的高度比的增大,蜂窝夹芯板的横向位移减小,冲击器与蜂窝夹芯板之间的接触力增大。当蜂窝夹芯板的宽长比从1∶1变化到1∶2时,蜂窝夹芯板最大横向位移减小6.1%;当顶部蒙皮层与蜂窝芯层的高度比从1∶6变化到1∶14时,蜂窝夹芯板的最大横向位移减小5.4%,这表明蜂窝夹芯板的抗冲击性能增强,吸能效果明显。

     

爆炸荷载作用下方形夹芯板动力学响应与优化设计数值分析

为研究方形蜂窝铝板在爆炸荷载作用下的动力学响应,基于LS-DYNA非线性有限元软件,建立了TNT炸药-前后面板-蜂窝夹芯-空气的三维有限元模型。采用ALE(任意的拉格朗日欧拉)多物质流固耦合算法分析了蜂窝铝板在冲击荷载作用下的变形机理、塑性变形、能量吸收以及结构的优化。数值模拟结果表明:随着面板厚度、核心高度的增加,蜂窝铝板在冲击荷载作用下的塑性变形明显减小,抵抗变形的能力增强;随着爆轰入射角度的增加,结构的破坏程度有所减小,入射角越大这种效果越发明显。对结构给定边长和受冲击面积以及面板厚度配合比、夹芯量纲为一的高度进行了局部的优化分析,为设计优质铝蜂窝板提供参考。     

爆炸载荷下中空夹层玻璃的动力响应影响因素

利用LS-DYNA有限元软件,基于多物质ALE算法,模拟中空夹层玻璃在爆炸载荷下的动力学响应,通过变化PVB夹层属性和中空气体层厚度分析了其改变对玻璃板板心最大挠度的影响。结果表明:(1)随气体层厚度的增加,中空钢化夹层玻璃上层玻璃板挠度减小而下层玻璃板挠度增加; (2)一定气体层厚度下,随夹层杨氏模量的增加,上、下玻璃板的挠度减小。     

爆炸载荷下分层梯度泡沫铝夹芯板的失效模式与抗冲击性能

采用弹道冲击摆系统开展了爆炸载荷下分层梯度泡沫铝夹芯板的变形/失效模式和抗冲击性能实验研究,并配合激光位移传感器得到试件后面板中心点的挠度-时程响应曲线。研究了炸药当量和芯层组合方式对夹芯板试件变形/失效模式和抗冲击性能的影响。实验结果表明,泡沫铝夹芯板的变形/失效模式主要表现为面板的非弹性大变形,芯层压缩变形、芯层拉伸断裂以及芯层剪切失效。在研究爆炸冲量范围内,非梯度芯层夹芯板的抗冲击性能明显优越于所有分层梯度芯层夹芯板。对于分层梯度夹芯板试件,爆炸冲量较小时芯层组合形式对分层梯度芯层夹芯板的抗冲击性能的影响不大,而爆炸冲量较大时,最大相对密度芯层靠近前面板组合形式的分层梯度夹芯板试件抗冲击性能较好。研究结果可为泡沫金属夹芯结构的优化设计提供参考。     

离散多层绕带容器在爆炸载荷作用下动力响应的数值模拟研究

运用LS-DYNA3D对不同缠绕角度的离散多层绕带容器在内部中心爆炸载荷作用下的动力响应进行了数值模拟。模拟结果与实验结果、理论分析以及单层圆柱高压容器的动力响应作了比较。研究结果表明,内部中心爆炸载荷作用下,容器绕带层应力分布比较均匀;相同炸药当量条件下,缠绕角度越大,最外层绕带中心的最终位移越大。结果还表明,离散多层绕带容器具有只漏不爆的良好抗爆性能,是单层结构容器不具备的。计算结果可为构建爆炸容器的工程设计标准提供参考。     

爆轰载荷作用下球形空腔的动力响应

以位移为未知量,利用拉普拉斯变换法,研究了球形空腔在爆轰载荷作用下的动力响应问题,获得了问题的参数解,并通过直接代入,验证了解的正确性。     

冲击载荷作用下钢筋混凝土结构动力响应仿真

运用动态有限元技术对冲击性载荷作用下钢筋混凝土结构的动力响应进行细观结构的仿真分析，建立分离式材料模型，获得射弹在钢筋混凝土中的侵彻深度与弹坑半径，得出钢筋配筋率、配筋方式、配筋位置以及混凝土材料性质等相关因素的影响规律，并针对结果进行分析和讨论，为防护工程设计提供了参考依据。     

泡沫铝夹芯板动态抗侵彻性能的实验研究

本文研究了铝板-泡沫铝夹芯板的抗侵彻性能.设计了铝板-泡沫铝夹芯复合材料板,采用SHPB设备,测试了不同子弹冲击速度下纯铝板和泡沫铝夹芯板的动态响应,并研究了其破坏形态.结果表明应力波在纯铝板中的传播与在铝板-泡沫铝夹芯板中的传播有很大差异,由于泡沫铝的粘性效应使应力波在传播过程中有明显的波幅衰减现象.实验结果表明,铝板-泡沫铝夹芯板相对于纯铝板具有不同的破坏形态.由于铝板-泡沫铝夹芯板的特殊结构和性能,使其具有良好的抗侵彻性能.     

金字塔栅格夹心夹层板动力响应分析

本文将金字塔形栅格夹心夹层板假设成均匀夹心夹层板,应用Reissner夹层板理论,对其自振频率以及在简谐荷载下的强迫振动进行了研究,并以简支板为例,得到其解析解,通过与有限元分析进行比较,两者结果吻合良好。并把金字塔形栅格夹层板与同质量实体板进行比较,得出金字塔形栅格夹层板具有更好动力性能。     

Dynamic Problems in the Theory of Sandwich Shells of Revolution with a Discrete Core under Nonstationary Loads

The equations of motion of sandwich shells of revolution with a discrete core are analyzed within the framework of the geometrically nonlinear theory of shells and plates. An efficient numerical algorithm is constructed to investigate nonstationary wave processes in elastic structures that are discrete-inhomogeneous across the thickness. Numerical examples are given     

Blast Mitigation in a Sandwich Composite Using Graded Core and Polyurea Interlayer

The dynamic behavior of two types of sandwich composites made of E-Glass Vinyl-Ester (EVE) facesheets and Corecell™ A-series foam with a polyurea interlayer was studied using a shock tube apparatus. The materials, as well as the core layer arrangements, were identical, with the only difference arising in the location of the polyurea interlayer. The foam core itself was layered with monotonically increasing wave impedance of the core layers, with the lowest wave impedance facing the shock loading. For configuration 1, the polyurea interlayer was placed behind the front facesheet, in front of the foam core, while in configuration 2 it was placed behind the foam core, in front of the back facesheet. A high-speed side-view camera, along with a high-speed back-view 3-D Digital Image Correlation (DIC) system, was utilized to capture the real time deformation process as well as mechanisms of failure. Post mortem analysis was also carried out to evaluate the overall blast performance of these two configurations. The results indicated that applying polyurea behind the foam core and in front of the back facesheet will reduce the back face deflection, particle velocity, and in-plane strain, thus improving the overall blast performance and maintaining structural integrity.     

Plastic flow under multiaxial cyclic loading

An experimental study of the inelastic behavior of annealed aluminum alloy 6061-T6 tubular specimens subjected to combined axial and torsional stress cycles is presented. Particular attention is paid to the question of how plastic strain is developed and how the yield surface moves along the 90-deg out-of-phase stress cycle. Experimental results agree qualitatively with the predictions of the two-surface plasticity theory. Paper was presented at the 1985 SEM Spring Conference on Experimental Mechanics held in Las Vegas, NV on June 9–14, 1985.     

Dynamic Crushing Strength Analysis of Auxetic Honeycombs

The in-plane dynamic crushing behavior of re-entrant honeycomb is analyzed and compared with the conventional hexagon topology.Detailed deformation modes along two orthogonal directions are examined,where a parametric study of the effect of impact velocity and cell wall aspect ratio is performed.An analytical formula of the dynamic crushing strength is then deduced based on the periodic collapse mechanism of cell structures.Comparisons with the finite element results validate the effectiveness of the proposed analytical method.Numerical results also reveal higher plateau stress of re-entrant honeycomb over conventional hexagon topology,implying better energy absorption properties.The underlying physical understanding of the results is emphasized,where the auxetic effect(negative Poisson's ratio) induced in the re-entrant topology is believed to be responsible for this superior impact resistance.     

Dynamic Response of a Thermally Stressed Plate with Reinforced Edges

Experimental Mechanics - Conditions in hypersonic flight generate non-uniform temperature distributions that affect the performance and longevity of aircraft components. Historically, a limited...     

Plastic buckling of cylindrical shells under biaxial loading

The predictions for plastic buckling of shells are significantly affected by the plasticity model employed, in particular in the case of nonproportional loading. A series of experiments on plastic buckling of cylindrical aluminum alloy shells under biaxial loading (external pressure and axial tension), with well-defined loading and boundary conditions, was therefore carried out to provide experimental data for evaluation of the suitability of different, plasticity models. In the experiments, initial imperfections and their growth under load were measured and special attention was paid to buckling detection and load path control. The Southwell plot was applied with success to smooth the results. The results show that axial tension decreases resistance to buckling under external pressure in the plastic region due to softening of the material behavior. Comparison with numerical calculations usingJ ₂ deformation and incremental theories indicate that both theories do not predict correctly plastic buckling under nonproportional loading.Babcock (SEM Member), deceased, was Professor of Aeronautics and Applied Mechanics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125.