串级质谱法鉴定食品中苏丹红一号

利用气相色谱串级质谱(GC/MS/MS)法定性定量鉴定食品中染料苏丹红一号,建立了离子阱气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析食品中苏丹红一号染料的方法。结果表明,苏丹红一号在0.045~0.90 mg.L-1浓度范围内呈线性关系,相关系数为0.999 0,检测下限为0.004 5 mg.kg-1,回收率在83.1%~103.2%之间。方法具有样品预处理简单、灵敏度高、检出限低于现行国家标准水平,确证能力强等特点,满足食品中苏丹红一号的定性定量监测。     

气相色谱-离子阱二级质谱测定食品中丙烯酰胺残留

建立了一种基于气相色谱-离子阱二级质谱(GC-MS/MS)检测食品(薯条,薯片,咖啡,饼干和膨化食品)中丙烯酰胺残留量的方法。样品中丙烯酰胺采用去离子水提取,正己烷脱脂后石墨化碳黑小柱净化,溴水衍生后GC-MS/MS进行分析。方法在10-1 000μg.L-1浓度范围内呈线性关系,相关系数为0.999,检出限为4.02μg.kg-1,在10,100,1 000μg.kg-1三个水平的相对标准偏差为8%-12%,回收率为68.3%-105.2%。结果表明,相对于GC-MS方法,GC-MS/MS分析时间短、无杂质峰干扰、灵敏度高,可以满足食品的丙烯酰胺检测大批量筛选要求。     

高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术测定鼻腔给药后人血浆中佐米曲普坦的含量

建立了经鼻腔给药后人血浆中佐米曲普坦的液相色谱-质谱联用测定方法。血浆样品经乙酸乙酯-二氯甲烷(体积比4∶1)液-液提取后,以Hypersil BDS C6H5柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)为色谱柱,流动相为乙腈(含1%甲酸)-0.02 mol.L-1醋酸铵(体积比30∶70),流速为0.6 mL.m in-1,柱温:25℃,进样量:40μL,在Agilent 1100 LC/MSD XCT离子阱质谱仪上,以选择离子监测(SIM)方式进行定量分析,用于监测的离子为m/z288(佐米曲普坦)和m/z296(舒马普坦,内标物)。佐米曲普坦的定量下限为0.30μg.L-1,线性范围为0.30~25μg.L-1,方法回收率在82%~87%之间(n=5),精密度与准确度符合生物样品分析要求。该法操作简便、快速、灵敏度高,可用于佐米曲普坦临床血药浓度和药代动力学研究。     

蔬菜、水果中16种有机磷类农药多残留GC-MS分析

建立了蔬菜、水果中16种农药的气相色谱-离子阱质谱多残留检测方法。采用乙腈作为提取剂,经过Florisil柱净化,用ITQ700气相色谱-离子阱质谱联用仪进行分析。以保留时间和特征离子定性、峰面积定量,确定了16种有机磷农药的线性回归方程、相关系数及最低检出限。结果表明,16种有机磷农药线性关系良好。农药添加浓度为0.5μg/mL,回收率为70%～120%,相对标准偏差20%,最低检出限在0.0012～0.02μg/g之间,符合农药多残留检测要求。此方法具有良好的回收率、精确度和准确度,干扰少,可用于实际检测。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定浓缩胡萝卜汁中8种苏丹类染料

提出了液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定浓缩胡萝卜汁中苏丹橙G、苏丹红G、苏丹红7B、苏丹黄、苏丹红Ⅰ、苏丹红Ⅱ、苏丹红Ⅲ、苏丹红Ⅳ等8种苏丹类染料含量的方法。样品经正己烷提取,于39℃旋转蒸发至近干,氮气吹干后用1mL乙腈和0.1%(体积分数,下同)甲酸(1+1)混合液溶解。采用Hypersil GOLD色谱柱(50mm×2.1mm,1.9μm)为分离柱和以不同比例的0.1%甲酸和甲醇混合液为流动相作梯度淋洗,采用多反应监测正离子模式监测。8种苏丹类染料的质量浓度均在30～100μg.L-1范围内呈线性,测定下限(10S/N)在5～30μg.kg-1之间。在3个浓度水平下做加标回收试验,回收率在72.0%～96.0%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在6.2%～9.6%之间。     

气相色谱-质谱联用法测定调味品中苏丹红Ⅰ、Ⅱ色素

应用气相色谱-质谱联用方法的选择离子监测技术(GC-MS-SIM),测定了调味品辣椒粉和腌料中的苏丹红Ⅰ、Ⅱ色素。分别在0.58~18.9 mg.L-1及0.31~19.8 mg.L-1浓度范围内,方法具有良好的线性关系。样品的平均回收率为85.5%~95.4%(直接萃取法)及80.7%~88.1%(氧化铝柱净化法),RSD(n=5)为3.64%~7.14%。样品称量为5.0 g时,苏丹红Ⅰ、Ⅱ的检出限分别为0.005 8,0.007 6 mg.kg-1。     

GC-MS/SIM法同时测定食品中的苏丹红Ⅰ~Ⅳ

采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)选择离子检测法(SIM),建立了准确可靠、灵敏度高、快速简便的同时测定食品中苏丹红Ⅰ~Ⅳ的新方法。色谱柱为PR-SR石英毛细管柱(20m×0.25mm),进样口温度280℃,柱温200℃,以15℃/min升至280℃;柱前压130kPa,载气He;EI离子源,选择m/z77,105,115,143,176,247,248,261,352,380用于SIM检测,并按不同的采样时间分成4组,每组4个离子,分别对应于每种苏丹红进行定性分析确证;选择苏丹红Ⅰ~Ⅳ各自的分子离子峰m/z248,276,352,380作抽出离子图进行定量分析。苏丹红Ⅰ、Ⅱ的线性范围为0.01~10.0mg/L,苏丹红Ⅲ、Ⅳ的线性范围为0.1~10.0mg/L;检出限苏丹红Ⅰ、Ⅱ为1μg/kg,苏丹红Ⅲ为5μg/kg,苏丹红Ⅳ为10μg/kg;回收率86%~95%。本法与欧洲健康与消费者保护委员会的方法(HPLC法)相比灵敏度高1~2个数量级,分析时间缩短,用色谱保留时间、质谱同时定性,消除了食品中杂质的干扰,结果准确可靠,选择性和重复性好,适用于所有食品成品及原料的检验。     

液相色谱-离子阱质谱联用分析食品中的对位红

用液相色谱/电喷雾-离子阱质谱联用建立准确测定食品中对位红染料的方法。样品中的对位红用乙腈提取,浓缩后直接进行分析。色谱柱为Agilent C18(4.0×125 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-0.5%乙酸溶液(体积比70∶30),等梯度洗脱,流速为0.5 mL.m in-1,外标法定量。质谱采用正离子电离方式,选择m/z156和277碎片离子作为定性离子,以丰度最高的碎片离子m/z277作为定量离子。对位红染料的检出限(LOD)为1.03 ng.g-1,定量下限(LOQ)为3.08 ng.g-1;回收率为86%~112%,重复性好。本法操作简便、灵敏准确,且分析时间较短,分析周期仅需9 m in,适合大批样品的快速分析检测。     

高效液相色谱-四极杆串联线性离子阱质谱法测定水产品及饲料中的孔雀石绿、结晶紫及其代谢物

提出了高效液相色谱-四极杆串联线性离子阱质谱法测定水产及饲料中的孔雀石绿、结晶紫及其代谢物(隐色孔雀石绿、隐色结晶紫)的方法。样品经乙腈提取,Agilent XDB C18色谱柱分离,四极杆串联线性离子阱质谱进行检测。以氘代孔雀石绿、氘代隐色孔雀石绿、氘代结晶紫、氘代隐色结晶紫为内标物。4种化合物的线性范围均为0.05~5.0μg·L-1,检出限(3S/N)均为0.5μg·kg-1。以空白样品为基体做加标回收试验,计算得4种化合物的回收率在93.3%~120%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.4%~18%之间。另外,还采用数据相关采集模式结合增强离子扫描模式对4种化合物进行定性分析,可对试样中4种化合物在定量同时进行定性确证。     

凝胶净化/超高效液相色谱电喷雾质谱法检测调味油中11种禁用偶氮染料及罗丹明B

建立了凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)净化/超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联四极杆质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)同时检测调味油中11种脂溶性偶氮类工业染料(苏丹红Ⅰ、苏丹红Ⅱ、苏丹红Ⅲ、苏丹红Ⅳ、苏丹红7B、苏丹红G、苏丹黄、苏丹橙G、苏丹蓝Ⅱ、甲苯胺红、对位红)和罗丹明B的分析方法。样品经乙酸乙酯-环己烷(1∶1)提取,采用凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)去除大分子油脂、天然色素等干扰物质;以乙腈-0.1%甲酸为流动相,目标化合物在梯度洗脱条件下经C18柱分离后采用多离子反应监测(MRM)正离子模式进行检测。结果表明:调味油中12种工业染料的线性范围为1～50μg/L,定量下限(LOQ)为0.2～2.5μg/kg,在5、20、40μg/L 3个加标水平下的回收率为54%～125%,相对标准偏差为2.5%～17.2%。随机抽取市售35份样品进行检测,其中两份样品检出罗丹明B。该方法操作简便、灵敏度高,实现了11种禁用偶氮染料和罗丹明B的同时提取和净化,适合于调味油中非法添加脂溶性偶氮工业染料和罗丹明B的筛查与确证。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.