Photon and proton induced X-ray cross sections for some elements

The cross sections for the production of K and L shell x-rays in some elements by monoenergetic photons have been measured and the experimental values were compared with the theoretical values. Also, the K shell x-ray production cross sections have been measured for thin targets of some elements by protons over the energy range 1.5–3.0 MeV. The ionisation cross sections were calculated and compared with Johansson's empirical formula.     

Complexes of some bivalent metal salts with benzo(f)quinoline

Summary Coordination compounds have been prepared from benzo(f)quinoline (BNQ) and some bivalent metal salts,viz., Cu(BNQ)Cl₂, Cu(BNQ)₂Br₂, Cu(BNQ)SO₄ · H₂O, Co(BNQ)₂(NCS)₂, Ni(BNQ)₂(SCN)₂, Cu(BNQ)(SCN)₂, Zn(BNQ)₂(NCS)₂, Cd(BNQ)₂(SCN)₂ and Hg(BNQ)(SCN)₂. The products have been characterized by magnetic susceptibility, electronic and i.r. spectral measurements down to 200 cm^–1. Tentative stereochemistries for the complexes isolated in the solid state are discussed.     

Single-crystal X-ray studies of five alkali metal salts of luminol

Luminol salts of five alkali metals, Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs, have been prepared and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Luminol is deprotonated at the same site whereas each ionic salt has a unique composition and a different number of water molecules. The cation/luminol ion pair to water molecule ratio in the lattices varies as follows: 1 : 0 for K, 1 : 1 for Li, 1 : 2 for Rb, 1 : 3 for Cs, and 1 : 6 for Na. The differences in composition among the five compounds lead to different metal coordination environments in the solid state and distinct 3-D molecular arrangements in the lattice.     

Syntheses and X-ray structures of some pyrrolylaldiminate metal complexes

Several pyrrolylaldiminate complexes of Group 1, 4 and 13 metals are reported. The reaction of 5-tert-butyl-2-[(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)aldimino]pyrrole (HL) with NaH produced LNa(THF) (1). In situ lithiation of HL followed by addition of one equivalent of MCl_x (M=Zr, x=4; M=Hf, x=4, M=Al, x=3) afforded the corresponding pyrrolylaldiminate complexes, MLCl₂(μ-Cl)₂Li(OEt₂)₂ (M=Zr, 3; Hf, 4) and AlLCl₂ (5). Alkylation of 5 with MeMgBr generated AlLMe₂ (6). In addition to the spectroscopic data, complexes 3-6 were characterized by X-ray crystallography.     

Thermal decomposition of some metal salts of N-nitro-2-cyanoethylamine

Thermal decomposition kinetics of sodium, potassium, rubidium, and copper salts of N-nitro-2-cyanoethylamine has been studied in melt by manometric method combined with IR spectroscopy. The rate constant has been practically independent of the metal cation nature. Thermal decomposition mechanism has been suggested, the limiting stage being homolysis of the C-N bond to form cyanoethyl and metal nitramide radicals. Parameters of the Arrhenius equation and activation entropy have been determined for the limiting stage.     

Conductance studies of some ammonium and alkali metal salts in propylene carbonate

Conductance data are reported for NaI, KI, RbI, CsI, NH₄I, NaClO₄, and KClO₄ in propylene carbonate at 25°C in the concentration range 1×10^–4 –8.3×10^–3M. Analysis of the data with the current conductance theories indicates negligible ion-association, strong cation-solvent and weak anion-solvent interactions.     

Bifunctional compounds from reaction of alkoxy hydroperoxides with metal salts

Alkoxy hydroperoxides, obtained by ozonizing olefins in alcoholic solution, were treated with ferrous sulfate. C-C bond scission and radical formation was followed by dimerization of the radicals formed. Ozonides reacted similarly. Acyclic and cyclic olefins, including a cyclic enol ether, gave rise to a range of ,ω-disubstituted products in modest yields. By using ferric chloride, ω-chloro esters were obtained from the alkoxy hydroperoxides derived from olefinic esters.     

Pyrylium salts from pyrones and some organometallic compounds

Pyrones and their analogs react with methyl bromoacetate and methyl -bromocrotonate in the presence of activated zinc to give, ultimately, carbomethoxymethyl- or (3-carbomethoxy-2-propenyl)-substituted pyrylium salts. The Ivanov reagent from phenylacetic acid reacts with pyrones to give carboxybenzyl-substituted pyrylium salts.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1317–1320, October, 1973.     

Non-trivial solution chemistry between amido-pyridylcalix[4]arenes and some metal salts

Mercury ion complexation reactions were carried out between 3 and various mercury(II) salts. (1)H NMR studies showed that the role of solvent, the anion chosen and the initial reaction conditions were critical and that the formation of a "simple" mercury(II) complex was non-trivial. The mercury(II) ion can cause either (i) the formation of an ion-pair system, which have a characteristic doubling of all signals in the (1)H NMR spectrum, (ii) a cleavage reaction to occur resulting in the reformation of the calix[4]arene diester compound 2, but only when the reaction is heated and (iii) "simple" mercury binding to the pyridine rings when the binding studies are carried out using NMR titration techniques. The electrochemistry results, on the same systems, show that the initial reaction involves the removal of the phenoxide protons followed by the resulting catalysis of the mercury species. This proton removal is not observed in the NMR spectra of any of the mercury reactions. It was also found that 3 could bind silver and zinc salts and was not selective for mercury(II) as was previously described.     

Synthesis of organometallic compounds from trialkylaluminums and metal salts

Summary Reaction between trialkylaluminums and salts of antimony, bismuth, mercury, thallium, tin, and lead gives alkyl derivatives of these metals.     

The use of macro and micro proton beams to study the variation in PIXE yield from metal targets insulated with PTFE, glass and nylon

Proton beams of diameters of 3 mm and 3 μm, were used to observe the differences in PIXE yield from pure metal targets encapsulated with PTFE, glass (macor) and nylon. The beam energy was kept constant at 700 keV. Beam currents varied from about 200 pA with the microbeam and between 1–10 nA with the macrobeam. Considerable enhancement was observed mainly with the use of PTFE, up to about a factor of 18 with the macrobeam and 306 with the microbeam.     

Ionic liquid analogues formed from hydrated metal salts

A dark green, viscous liquid can be formed by mixing choline chloride with chromium(III) chloride hexahydrate and the physical properties are characteristic of an ionic liquid. The eutectic composition is found to be 1:2 choline chloride/chromium chloride. The viscosity and conductivity are measured as a function of temperature and composition and explained in terms of the ion size and liquid void volume. The electrochemical response of the ionic liquid is also characterised and it is shown that chromium can be electrodeposited efficiently to yield a crack-free deposit. This approach could circumvent the use of chromic acid for chromium electroplating, which would be a major environmental benefit. This method of using hydrated metal salts to form ionic liquids is shown to be valid for a variety of other salt mixtures with choline chloride.