通过电沉积及氟硅烷改性而成的三维铜镍复合超疏水表面（英文）

将Cu-Ni微纳米颗粒电沉积在铝基底上,通过1H、1H、2H、2H-全氟癸基三甲氧基硅烷(FAS-17)对其进行修饰,制备了超双疏(SAP)表面.采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、能量色散X射线光谱和傅里叶变换红外光谱对其形貌和化学成分进行了研究.结果表明,SAP表面具有三维微纳结构,最大水接触角160.0°,油接触角151.6°.进一步测试了SAP表面的机械强度和化学稳定性,结果显示该SAP表面具有优良的耐磨性、耐酸耐碱性能、自洁性和防污性能.     

氮离子注入对聚四氟乙烯表面电荷积聚和消散特性的影响北大核心CSCD

为了抑制聚四氟乙烯材料表面电荷积聚,采用射频产生氮等离子体对其表面进行等离子体浸没离子注入以改善其表面性能。对注入前后的聚四氟乙烯材料样品进行了X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)、傅里叶红外光谱测试(FTIR)、水接触角测量、表面电阻率测量以及表面电位衰减测量,并基于等温表面电位衰减理论对其表面陷阱能级和密度分布进行了计算,以分析聚四氟乙烯样品经离子注入处理后其表面成分和物理性能的变化,并研究了这些变化对聚四氟乙烯样品表面电荷积聚和消散特性的影响。结果表明:氮离子注入后,聚四氟乙烯材料表面化学成分的主要变化是自身分子结构的破坏和转化,部分CF2结构转变为CF和CF3结构,导致样品表面陷阱能级变浅;水接触角升至140°左右,比未处理样品上升了约27°,表面电阻率降至3×10^15Ω,比未处理样品下降了两个数量级;表面电晕放电1 min后,经氮离子注入处理的聚四氟乙烯材料表面积聚电荷量减少,消散速度加快,这是因为表面陷阱能级变浅有利于表面电荷脱陷,同时表面电阻率降低也促进了表面电荷沿面传导的消散过程,聚四氟乙烯样品表面陷阱能级分布曲线也证实了这一论点。     

纳米TiO2的表面能态及光生电子-空穴对复合过程的研究

以液相法制备了水溶态纳米TiO2,并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)对纳米TiO2的结构和组成作了细致分析.并对其紫外-可见光谱(UY-Vis spectrum)和荧光发光光谱(PL spectrum)进行了分析.结果发现纳米TiO2呈现较好的锐钛矿型,平均粒径为5 nm.水溶态纳米TiO2由于吸附而在表面形成了Ti-OH和Ti-H2O的表面态,其能级位于其价带以上约0.6和0.54eV;500℃热处理后样品的表面吸附水基本消失,但OH-仍然存在,同时在纳米TiO2晶格中出现了氧空位,其能级位于价带以上3.13 eV.对于水溶态纳米TiO2,表面复合是电子-空穴对的主要复合过程;热处理后的样品,由于表面态遭到破坏,粒子半径变大,直接复合成为电子-空穴对的主要复合过程,同时还伴随有通过氧空位的间接复合和通过Ti-OH的表面复合.     

X射线W/B4C宽带多层膜的优化设计和制备

介绍了X射线宽带多层膜材料W和B4C的选定方法,依据伯宁(BERNING)公式确定出了在0.154 nm处X射线宽带多层膜的最佳膜对数。引入适当的评价函数,利用具有全局寻优特性且效率较高的遗传算法,在波长0.154 nm处优化设计出了掠入射角(θ)0.5°~0.9°范围内反射率值达到40%的宽角度宽带多层膜。宽带多层膜反射镜采用磁控溅射方法制备,并用X射线衍射仪对样品进行了检测,结果表明在掠入射角(2θ)1.0°~1.8°之间的相对反射率光谱曲线比较平坦。     

直流反应溅射法制备Y_2O_3隔离层的研究

采用直流反应溅射的方法在具有立方织构的Ni基底上制备出了Y2O3隔离层,并研究了基带温度与H2O分压两个因素对Y2O3薄膜的织构取向以及表面形貌的影响。X射线衍射(XRD)结果和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)的分析表明,在温度为760℃,H2O分压为1.68×10-2Pa的条件下制备出的Y2O3薄膜具有强立方织构,平面内Φ扫描半高宽为7.07°,其表面均匀、致密、无裂纹。     

电沉积Cu(In,Ga)Se_2预置层硫化退火制备Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)_2薄膜及表征

在550℃下的H2S气氛中退火处理电沉积制备的Cu(In,Ga)Se2(CIGS)预置层,制备了太阳电池光吸收层Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2(CIGSS)薄膜.采用X射线能量色散谱、俄歇电子能谱、扫描电镜、X射线衍射和拉曼光谱对退火前后的薄膜进行表征.结果表明,H2S气氛下退火能够实现薄膜中O的去除和S的掺入,同时使得各元素的纵向分布更加均匀并可消除Cu-Se微相.此外,H2S退火还可改善薄膜的结晶性能,并使S和Ga进入黄铜矿结构,薄膜晶格参数变小.     

不同覆盖度下丙硫醇在Au(111)面吸附的理论研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法研究了丙烷硫醇 (C₃H₇SH)在Au(111)面五种覆盖度(1/16, 2/16, 3/16, 4/16, 1/3) 下的未解离和解离吸附的结构、能量和吸附性质. 发现丙烷硫醇的倾斜角和吸附能均受覆盖度影响, 计算结果显示丙烷硫醇的倾斜角随着覆盖度的增大减小了6°–10°, 吸附能随覆盖度的增大减小了0.21 eV. 特别针对饱和覆盖度, 研究了三种可能的表面结构: (2√3×2√3 ight)R30°, 2√3×3和(3×3). 发现S–H键未解离时三种表面结构的吸附构型和吸附能基本一致; S–H键解离后, (2√3×2√3 ight)R30°和2√3×3结构的吸附能比以(3×3)结构的吸附能约高0.05–0.07 eV, 说明C₃H₇S在Au(111)面吸附时, 倾向于形成(2√3×2√3 ight)R30°和2√3×3结构. 此外, 采用DFT-D2方法对饱和覆盖度下C₃H₇SH分子在Au(111)面的吸附进行了范德华修正, 结果显示分子间相互作用使吸附物和Au表面的距离减小, 该相互作用对吸附能的修正值为0.53 eV, 修正后结果与实验结果接近. 关键词： 第一性原理 覆盖度 表面结构 范德华力     

碳纳米管阵列超双疏性质的发现

用高温裂解酞菁金属络合物方法制备了几种具有不同形貌的阵列碳纳米管膜 ,并对其超疏水和超双疏性质进行了研究 .对于具有均匀长度和外径的阵列碳纳米管膜 ,文章作者发现 ,在未经任何处理时 ,其表现出超疏水和超亲油性质 ,与水的接触角为 15 8 5± 1 5° ,与油的接触角为 0± 1 0°.经氟化处理后 ,则表现出超双疏性质 ,与水和油的接触角分别为 171± 0 5°和 16 1± 1 0° .对具有类荷叶结构的阵列碳纳米管膜 ,其表面形貌与荷叶的十分接近 ,且在未经任何处理时所表现出的超疏水性也与荷叶的非常接近 ,与水的接触角为 16 6° ,滚动角为 8° .这种超疏水和超双疏性质是由表面的纳米结构以及微米结构和纳米结构的结合产生的 .这一发现为无氟超疏水表面 界面材料的研究提供了新的思路     

含氮氟化类金刚石(FN-DLC)薄膜的研究：(Ⅲ)疏水性能分析

不同沉积条件下，在单晶硅基底上沉积了含氮氟化类金刚石(FN-DLC)薄膜，用静滴接触角/表面张力测量仪测量了水与FN-DLC膜表面的接触角.用X射线光电子能谱、Raman光谱和傅里叶变换吸收红外光谱(FTIR)分析了薄膜的组分和结构.用原子力显微镜观测了薄膜的表面形貌.结果表明，FN-DLC薄膜疏水性能主要取决于薄膜表面的化学结构、薄膜表面极化强度的强弱、以及薄膜的表面粗糙度的大小.sp³/sp²的比值减小，CF₂基团含量增加，薄膜粗糙度增加，接触角增大；反之，则接触角减小.在工艺上，沉积温度和功率的减小，气体流量比r(r=CF4/［CF₄+CH₄］)的增加，都会使水的浸润性变差，接触角增大. 关键词： 氟化类金刚石膜 疏水性 接触角     

硅基底生长FeS2薄膜的同步辐射表面X射线实验研究

通过对硅与玻璃衬底生长二硫化铁薄膜的常规X射线衍射和同步辐射表面X射线衍射研究比较, 结果发现, 硅衬底上生长二硫化铁薄膜时, 图谱中56°,附近出现的衍射强峰并不是由于二硫化铁与硅有良好的晶格匹配导致的, 而是由于硅衬底(311)晶面的衍射造成的. 结合实验与计算论证了该结论.     

A novel and expeditious method to fabricate superhydrophobic metal carboxylate surface

This article has presented a novel method to fabricate superhydrophobic metal carboxylate surface on substrates like copper, ferrum, etc. This method markedly shortened the fabrication time to less than one second. The superhydrophobic effect is even better that the contact angle (CA) is 170±1° and the sliding angle (SA) <2°. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed micro-nano flower-like structures. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed that the flower-like structures are composed of Cu[CH₃(CH₂)₁₂COO]₂. The ethanol solution containing fatty acid and metal salt plays a key role in this method. This method has tremendous potentials in industrial production of superhydrophobic materials.     

Fabrication of superhydrophobic wood surface by a sol-gel process

The superhydrophobic wood surface was fabricated via a sol-gel process followed by a fluorination treatment of 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H- perfluoroalkyltriethoxysilanes (POTS) reagent. The crystallization type of silica nanoparticles on wood surface was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), the microstructure and chemical composition of the superhydrophobic wood surface were described by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), the bonding force between the silica nanoparticles and POTS reagent was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and the superhydrophobic property of the treated sample was measured by contact angle (CA) measurements. An analytical characterization revealed that nanoscale silica spheres stacked uniformly over the wood surface, and with the combination of the high surface roughness of silica nanoparticles and the low surface free energy film of POTS on wood surface, the wood surface has turned its wetting property from hydrophilic into superhydrophobic with a water contact angle of 164° and sliding angle less than 3°.     

Synthesis and characterization of superhydrophobic functionalized Cu(OH)2 nanotube arrays on copper foil

Superhydrophobic functionalized cupric hydroxide (Cu(OH)₂) nanotube arrays were prepared on copper foils via a facile alkali assistant surface oxidation technique. Thus nanotube arrays of Cu(OH)₂ were directly fabricated on the surface of copper foil by immersing in an aqueous solution of NaOH and (NH₄)₂S₂O₈. The wettability of the surface was changed from surperhydrophilicity to superhydrophobicity by chemical modification with 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (FAS). The morphologies, microstructures, crystal structure, chemical compositions and states, and hydrophobicity of the films on the copper foil substrates were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and water contact angle measurement. It was found that the rough structure of the surface helped to magnify the wettability. The static contact angle (CA) for water is larger than 160° and the contact angle hysteresis (CAH) is lower than 5° on the modified surface. The high roughness of the nanotube arrays along with the generated C-F chains by chemical modification contributed to the improved superhydrophobicity. The present research is expected to be significant in providing a new strategy for the preparation of novel multifunctional materials with potential industrial applications on copper substrates.     

Fabrication of a superhydrophobic surface on a wood substrate

A layer of lamellar superhydrophobic coating was fabricated on a wood surface through a wet chemical process. The superhydrophobic property of the wood surface was measured by contact angle (CA) measurements. The microstructure and chemical composition of the superhydrophobic coating were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). An analytical characterization revealed that the microscale roughness of the lamellar particles was uniformly distributed on the wood surface and that a zinc stearate monolayer (with the hydrophobic groups oriented outward) formed on the ZnO surface as the result of the reaction between stearic acid and ZnO. This process transformed the wood surface from hydrophilic to superhydrophobic: the water contact angle of the surface was 151°, and the sliding angle was less than 5°.     

Enhanced surface free energy of polyimide fibers by alkali treatment and its interfacial adhesion behavior to epoxy resins

In this article, polyimide (PI) fibers were modified by alkali treatment, and PI fiber-reinforced epoxy composites were fabricated. The effects of different alkali treatment times on the surface properties of the PI fibers and the adhesion behaviors of PI fiber/epoxy composites were studied. The surface morphologies, chemical compositions, mechanical properties, and surface free energy of the PI fibers were characterized by atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, single-fiber tensile strength analysis, and dynamic contact angle analysis, respectively. The results show that alkali treatment plays an important role in the improvement of the surface free energy and the wettability of PI fibers. We also found that, after the 3 min, 30 °C, 20 wt% NaOH solution treatment, the fibers possessed good mechanical properties and surface activities, and the interlaminar shear strength of the composites increased to 64.52 MPa, indicating good interfacial adhesion properties.     

Hydrophobization of epoxy nanocomposite surface with 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltrichlorosilane for superhydrophobic properties

Nature inspires the design of synthetic materials with superhydrophobic properties, which can be used for applications ranging from self-cleaning surfaces to microfluidic devices. Their water repellent properties are due to hierarchical (micrometer- and nanometre-scale) surface morphological structures, either made of hydrophobic substances or hydrophobized by appropriate surface treatment. In this work, the efficiency of two surface treatment procedures, with a hydrophobic fluoropolymer, synthesized and deposited from 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltrichlorosilane (PFOTS) is investigated. The procedures involved reactions from the gas and liquid phases of the PFOTS/hexane solutions. The hierarchical structure is created in an epoxy nanocomposite surface, by filling the resin with alumina nanoparticles and micron-sized glass beads and subsequent sandblasting with corundum microparticles. The chemical structure of the deposited fluoropolymer was examined using XPS spectroscopy. The topography of the modified surfaces was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The hydrophobic properties of the modified surfaces were investigated by water contact and sliding angles measurements. The surfaces exhibited water contact angles of above 150° for both modification procedures, however only the gas phase modification provided the non-sticking behaviour of water droplets (sliding angle of 3°). The discrepancy is attributed to extra surface roughness provided by the latter procedure.     

Novel strategy in increasing stability and corrosion resistance for super-hydrophobic coating on aluminum alloy surfaces

A novel super-hydrophobic coating was prepared by chemical modification on the anodized aluminum alloy surface. The surface structure was characterized by water contact angle measurement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the composition was measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The corrosion behavior of the super-hydrophobic coating was evaluated by the polarization curve and the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). It was found that the static water contact angle on the surface of super-hydrophobic coating was as high as 167.7 ± 1.2°, and the sliding angle was 5°. The super-hydrophobic coating resulted in excellent corrosion resistance property and the super-hydrophobic coating showed a good stability.     

Hydrophobic Modification of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) with Epoxy-Modified Polysiloxane by Reactive Extrusion

Hydrophobic poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) was prepared by reactive blending of PET with double epoxy groups modified polysiloxane (diepsi) or multiepoxy groups modified polysiloxane (multiepsi). The structure of the modified PET was characterized by ¹H NMR and intrinsic viscosity. The grafted ratio of diepsi and multiepsi was 1.3 and 0.03 wt%, respectively. With the introduction of diepsi and multiepsi to PET, the water contact angle of modified PET increased from 73° to a maximum of 106°, showing the good hydrophobicity of the modified PET. The samples of modified PET were washed with different solvents and their water contact angles did not significantly decrease, indicating good durability of the hydrophobicity. Moreover, the films of modified PET prepared by solution casting (phenol and 1, 1, 2, 2-tetrachloroethane mixed solution) showed excellent hydrophobicity with the contact angle 151°. Scanning electron microscopy images showed the surface of the modified PET films to be rougher than those of unmodified PET because the introduction of polysiloxane to PET resulted in phase separation during the solvent evaporation process.     

Femtosecond laser-induced surface wettability modification of polystyrene surface

In this paper, we demonstrated a simple method to create either a hydrophilic or hydrophobic surface. With femtosecond laser irradiation at different laser parameters, the water contact angle (WCA) on polystyrene’s surface can be modified to either 12.7° or 156.2° from its original WCA of 88.2°. With properly spaced micro-pits created, the surface became hydrophilic probably due to the spread of the water droplets into the micro-pits. While with properly spaced micro-grooves created, the surface became rough and more hydrophobic. We investigated the effect of laser parameters on WCAs and analyzed the laser-treated surface roughness, profiles and chemical bonds by surface profilometer, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). For the laser-treated surface with low roughness, the polar (such as C—O, C=O, and O—C=O bonds) and non-polar (such as C—C or C—H bonds) groups were found to be responsible for the wettability changes. While for a rough surface, the surface roughness or the surface topography structure played a more significant role in the changes of the surface WCA. The mechanisms involved in the laser surface wettability modification process were discussed.     

Stability of atmospheric-pressure plasma induced changes on polycarbonate surfaces

Polycarbonate films are subjected to plasma treatment in a number of applications such as improving adhesion between polycarbonate and silicon alloy in protective and optical coatings. The surfaces that undergo changes in surface properties due to plasma treatment have a tendency to revert back to their original states. Thus, the stability of the plasma induced changes on polymer surfaces over a desired time period is an important issue. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of ageing on atmospheric-pressure helium-plasma treated polycarbonate (PC) sample as a function of treatment time. The ageing effects were studied over a period of 10 days. The samples were plasma treated for 0.5, 2, 5 and 10 min. Contact angle made by water droplet on polymer surfaces were measured to study surface energy changes. Modification of surface chemical structure was examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Contact angle decreased from 93° for untreated samples to 30° for samples treated with plasma for 10 min. After 10 days the contact angle for the 10 min plasma treated sample increased to 67°, but it never reverted back to that of the untreated surface. Similarly, the oxygen-carbon (O:C) ratio increased from 0.136 for untreated samples to 0.321 for 10 min plasma-treated samples, indicating an increase in surface energy.