�п�����о�����Ŷ�����ĸ�����������ʧ�о�

Based on ORBIT code of a guiding center motion of single particle, the loss of energetic ions in different radial positions of tokamak plasma is studied by using test particle simulation method. The results show that the local magnetic perturbations can cause loss of many energetic ions near the central region of the plasma, but they have little effect on the ion loss near the plasma boundary, assuming that the local field is mainly located near a magnetic surface and its toroidal field is similar to the ripple field. These energetic ions are trapped ions, and the greater their pitch angle is, the easier they lose. In addition, the radial position of the local field that causes the maximum loss rate of energetic ions is usually offset from the initial radial position of these loss ions, and this shift is closely related to the energy of these ions. When the local field appears in certain locations, the ions of lower energy have some loss, but the ions higher energy does not lose.     

�й������̬��ֳ���������ģ��Ľ������ؼ������о�

基于ITER装置窗口C,完成了中国氦冷固态增殖剂试验包层模块的设计改进,给出了模块主要性能参数和设计参数。改进后的TBM包层模块外围尺寸为环向484mm、纵向1660mm和极向675mm。根据该模块设计的结构特点,对研制用材料CLF-1钢真空扩散连接和真空电子束焊等关键工艺进行了研究,初步探索了第一壁等关键部件的研制工艺流程,并最终成功试制了第一壁和子模块冷却板模拟件。     

�п���˵����������ѵĻ����Ԥ���о�

HL-2A和HL-1M装置采用了激光吹气注入高Z杂质来缓减大破裂中的等离子体电流衰竭,并给出了初步实验结果。在HL-2A装置上建立了利用MHD扰动的参量预报放电破裂先兆的报警系统,研制了MHD实时检测与处理系统,实现了放电破裂先兆的预报、快速触发激光吹气、形成阻性高辐射等离子体、消耗热能和磁能,缓减大破裂。实验证明,这是一种使得大型聚变实验装置在放电破裂之前显著减少等离子体中热能和磁能,而且能安全终止放电的简单、快速和有效的途径。     

���������Ʊ������׿���������ʵ���о�

介绍了用等离子体法制备铁纳米颗粒的技术,并与传统的共热解、电弧法等进行了比较；给出了等离子体制备铁纳米颗粒的实验研究进展.结果表明,采用新型等离子体方法制备铁纳米颗粒是一种高效、低污染、适合工业化生产的方法.     

��Ƶ���������Ʊ������ٷ��о�

采用射频(RF)等离子体对颗粒形状不规则的钨粉球化,研究了加料速率和钨粉分散方式对球化率的影响。通过用电子扫描显微镜(SEM)观测得到的被球化粉末的百分比评估了球化效率。通过对球化处理的钨粉的X射线衍射谱(XRD)的检测,验证了在球化过程中无氧化发生和其它杂质介入。当钨粉以极短暂时间(约几毫秒)快速穿越等离子体炬时,钨粉颗粒因受热而熔化成液滴,快速冷却后,形成致密的球形固态颗粒。     

�ߴ�����˲̬�ȳ���µ�������Ϊ�о�

通过电子束辐照实验和有限元模拟研究了ITER类型面对等离子体的高纯钨材料在瞬态热冲击下的行为。在新建成的电子束实验平台EMS-60上进行了ITER等离子体发生大破裂不稳定下的模拟实验,实验中样品的基体温度为室温,脉冲宽度为1-5ms,能量负载范围是1~5MJ-m-2。实验后通过扫描电镜观察了样品的再结晶、裂纹及熔化情况,讨论了裂纹形成机理。通过有限元模拟,得出在5ms的脉冲负载下钨的裂纹阈值为1.5MJ-m-2,与实验结果符合很好。     

ǿ������Դ̽�����������о�

分析了朗缪尔探针在等离子体测量过程中的功率沉积密度,并初步计算了探针的温升,为强流离子源的探针诊断提供指导。     

΢�����ӻ��������������������������ʵ���о�

The generation and control of microwave electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma cathode electron beam is studied experimentally. A complete set of discharge, electron beam extraction, focusing and measuring system was set up. The characteristics and performance of microwave ECR plasmas as electron beam extraction source were studied by measuring the current of water cooling target and the beam spot size on the target. Experimental results indicated that both microwave input power and accelerating voltage are conducive to improving electron beam current. The influence of gas pressure on the electron beam current was complex. With the increase of gas pressure, the electron beam current is characterized by decreasing first and then increasing. The extracted electron current of microwave ECR plasma cathode can reach 75mA at gas pressure of 7×10⁻⁴Pa, and the energy of the electron beam can reach 9keV. The energy utilization can reach 0.6. By adjusting the current of the focusing coil, the diameter of electron beam spot is reduced from 20mm to 13mm and the electron beam current keeps the value unchanged.     

����ѹ����������������������󳦸˾����䷢����׷����о�

研究了氮氧源大气压等离子体射流对表面大肠杆菌灭活作用,分析了氮氧源大气压等离子体射流的光谱性质.结果表明,在放电电压为6.8kV,气体流速为4L?min-1,处理3min时,氮氧比为1:4的大气压等离子体射流对大肠杆菌的灭活率达到98.4%,接近氧气源大气压等离子体射流灭菌效果.通过大气压等离子体射流发射光谱(OES)分析了氮氧源大气压等离子体射流中活性物质,进而解释大肠杆菌微生物灭活机理,认为NO-γ、OI、·OH等活性物质在表面大肠杆菌灭活过程中起到了重要作用.这将为大气压氮氧等离子体射流在环境卫生、微生物灭活等方面的应用研究提供实验基础和技术支持.     

��̬���ֳ�������򴲶ѻ������о�

The packing behaviors of pebble bed in blanket were investigated by packing experiment and discrete element modeling. The packing behaviors of cylinder mono-sized pebble beds show that the average packing factor is gradually increased with increase of the diameter ratio of the bed to pebbles. The experimental and simulated results of cylinder mono-sized pebble beds are in good agreement. Using binary-sized pebble packing and increasing the size ratio of binary pebbles can increase the packing factor of pebble bed, significantly. For binary-sized pebble bed, the average packing factor increases first and then decreases with the increase of the large pebble volume fraction. The maximum value is achieved when the larger pebble volume fraction is about 60%~80%. By optimizing the filling process of the pebble bed, the packing factor of the binary-sized pebble bed has reached 0.8, but the uniformity of the binary-sized bed is poor.     

超声显微检测方法对产氚包层焊缝的适用性研究

针对产氚包层中盖板流道封焊的结构设计与特点,开展了超声显微检测方法研究,确定了超声显微检测参数及该方法的适用性问题。以盖板流道封焊为研究对象,选择JSR DPR500 超声显微检测系统进行检测参数研究,分析了超声显微检测中探头参数及声束聚焦的特点;采用不同参数探头及水层厚度,提高了检测灵敏度,并解决了盖板流道封焊中小缺陷不易检出的难题。     

Transverse and torsional complex vibration systems for ultrasonic seam welding of metal plates

Transverse and torsional complex vibration systems for ultrasonic seam welding of metal plate specimens, using a 27 kHz complex vibration disk welding tip vibrating in transverse and torsional vibration modes, were studied. Using a complex vibration welding system with a welding tip vibrating in elliptical or circular locus, thick plate specimens can be welded with a more uniform and larger area compared to a conventional ultrasonic welding system. The disk welding tip vibrates in an elliptical or circular locus. The complex vibration system can continuously weld multiple parts of metal plate specimens such as heat sinks with a large number of fins.     

实验包层氚增殖区提氚气体换热研究

描述了提氚气体(氦气)进入氚增值区后被正硅酸锂(Li4SiO4)小球加热的过程。通过现有实验包层(TBM)设计参数完成的提氚气体温升理论计算和三维数值模拟验证计算得到提氚气体经过球床时温度可以很快从20℃升到500℃。因此,在进行提氚系统设计优化时,中国设计的实验包层模块不需要增加额外设备对提氚气体进行预热。     

ITER����������ֳ��ʵ�����ģ��ṹ���

给出了中国ITER氦冷固体增殖剂(HCSB)实验包层模块(TBM)整体结构的初步设计。结构设计方案以低活性铁素体钢(RAFS)为结构材料,稳定性极好的惰性氦气作为冷却剂,陶瓷硅酸锂小球为氚增殖材料。包层结构的设计特点是,采用模块化的设计方案,从而提高了包层的可靠性和安全性。     

ITERʵ�����ƻ�����

简要介绍了ITER计划的发展历程;综述了ITER实验包层模块计划(ITER-TBM)的历史、主要技术路线和最新的设计与研发进展;概述了与实验包层计划相关的DEMO聚变堆的定义与发展策略。最后,介绍了国内开展的基于固体增殖剂概念的ITER实验包层的初步设计概况,对TBM的研发计划提出了建议。     

Information contained in the radiating ultrasound during ultrasonic welding

During ultrasonic welding, unnecessary ultrasound together with audible sound is radiated into the air. Audible sound is noisy and uncomfortable, and ultrasound may have bed effects on adjacent equipment. However, it is considered that these sounds potentially contain useful information such as welding state. This article reports the relationship between radiated ultrasound and the change of the welding state during ultrasonic welding. It is known that the welding state can be presumed from the change of the mechanical load impedance, which can be calculated from resonant frequency, motional voltage and the driving current of the vibrating system for the welder when a constant-velocity motional-feedback power oscillator is used. In this study, radiated ultrasound picked up with a microphone and an amplifier is recorded and analyzed with a personal computer. Analyzed results are compared with the change of the mechanical load impedance that is also calculated from the recorded data of the resonant frequency, motional voltage and the driving current of the vibrating system for the welding. Experiments were made on the ultrasonic welding of plastic rods. The relationship between the parameters of radiated ultrasound and the electrical parameters of the vibrating system were compared. The peak amplitude of the radiated ultrasound and the mechanical impedance versus time were very similar. It is shown in this study that radiated ultrasound contains lots of useful information.     

超声焊接全状态频率跟踪算法*

与超声塑料焊接相比，超声金属焊接负载重且变化剧烈，容易导致换能器出现无阻性点状态或者频率误跟踪。现有的频率跟踪方法往往只能在换能器有阻性点的状态下正常工作，在出现误跟踪时也无法自动复位。针对上述问题，本文基于梅森等效电路，推导出一种能够同时适配于谐振频率与反谐振频率，能够自行判断是否误跟踪频率跟踪算法。当换能器处于无阻性点状态时，算法将自动把跟踪目标变为相位差最小点，实现全状态频率跟踪。算法利用三个不同频率及其发波时换能器的电压电流相位进行计算，以此算出理想的频率跟踪步长和方向。最后通过MATLAB对算法进行仿真，验证算法在目标频率发生非线性变化时频率跟踪的效果。结果表明，新算法能够实现误跟踪的自复位和全状态频率跟踪，同时能在启动后10ms以内完成频率跟踪，跟踪精度达0.1hz。     

模式转换型超声塑焊振动系统的设计

基于弯曲振动理论和耦合振动理论,设计了一种新型大尺寸筒形超声塑焊振动系统。该振动系统由纵向振动换能器及变幅杆、弯曲振动金属圆盘和耦合振动圆筒四部分组成。换能器和变幅杆的纵向振动驱动圆盘的二次弯曲模式振动,圆盘的二次弯曲模式振动激励圆筒的纵向模式振动,实现了工具头在较高频率下谐振。实验结果表明,振动系统的测试频率与计算频率比较符合,在大信号下测试的纵-弯-纵振动模式转换效果很好。研究结果为高频大尺寸超声焊接系统的设计提供了思路。     

An electrocapillary study to test the applicability of the Flory-Huggins isotherm

The Flory-Huggins isotherm with interaction parameter has been tested using accurate electrocapillary data for four aliphatic compounds at the mercury-electrolytic solution interface. When surface coverages derived by differentiation of surface pressure-activity data were tested in the Flory-Huggins isotherm and when all parameters were freely optimized, the equation fit the data very well in all cases, but the size ratio parameter thus obtained was about 0.5. When parameters of the Flory-Huggins isotherm were fixed by limiting properties of surface pressure-activity data directly (with no differentiations performed), the size parameter was about 1.0. The size parameter expected physically is about 3.0. The Flory-Huggins isotherm with realistic size parameters did not fit the data as well as the simpler Frumkin equation in any of the cases considered. The physical basis underlying both models is weak for interaction parameters as large as encountered in aqueous-organic solute systems.