脉冲大电流环境下超热现象实验研究

 对在重水环境中金属钯丝的脉冲大电流放电进行了实验研究。测试结果表明,在现有实验室条件下未能观察到中子和超热现象。根据实验结果进一步分析,可以推断在适当条件下钯丝的脉冲大电流放电产生中子和超热现象并非完全不可能。     

弱源引发持续裂变链统计涨落现象

裂变材料系统中，中子源尤其是弱强度中子源释放中子的时刻是随机性的，系统中中子与原子核相互作用的随机性，使得从中子源放出中子时刻开始的中子裂变链的初期发展过程具有显著的统计涨落性质，对于稍微超(瞬发)临界的系统往往仅有少部分裂变链才能够持续发展下去，成为持续裂变链。CFBR-Ⅱ快中子脉冲堆在超瞬发临界状态下，由很弱的内源引发持续裂变链，并在反馈机制的作用下形成中子脉冲，其脉冲出现时刻(称为引发时间)表现出随机性，正是这种统计涨落现象的反映。针对CFBR-Ⅱ堆这种统计涨落现象进行实验和理论两方面的研究，得到一些初步结果。     

镉镍蓄电池及其在大功率脉冲恒流源中的应用

 介绍了碱性镉镍蓄电池用作脉冲大电流恒流源的可行性，叙述了该类电池放电电流的规律和消除记忆效应的办法，并列出了用镉镍蓄电池组装有关恒流源样机的测试数据和实际考验结果。实验证明：在脉冲式大电流场合下，使用蓄电池作能源，可以消除常用的高功率脉冲源对市电电网的冲击，节省大量设备投资，获得具有高稳定度性能的恒流源。     

LaB6在低压强氮气和氦气中的放电特性

研究了LaB6在1~10 Pa氮气和氦气中的直流和脉冲放电特性以及放电过程对电极的影响。结果表明，电极直径为5 mm的LaB6氦气放电管在脉冲工作状态下可以长期稳定放电。在脉冲电压为2.2 kV、脉冲宽度10 ms、频率13.3 Hz下，脉冲峰值放电电流超过120 A。氦气放电管在放电过程中，阴极表面有离子的清洗和活化作用，可以使电极的表面逸出功降低，提高放电管的发射能力和稳定性。LaB6作为气体放电电极具有寿命长、延迟时间短、放电电流大等优点，可用于重复强流脉冲气体放电的高压高速开关器件。     

面向等离子体合成射流应用的微秒脉冲源研制

为了产生高能等离子体合成射流,设计了一台面向等离子体合成射流应用的微秒脉冲源,输出电压为10 kV,重复频率为100 Hz,可承受高达250 A的放电电流。详细介绍了微秒脉冲源的工作原理,比较了不同放电电容对脉冲变压器原边电流及输出电压的影响。进一步将所设计的微秒脉冲源成功应用于等离子体合成射流实验中,研究了不同间距对等离子体合成射流的影响,比较了有无放电电容条件下的能量消耗率。实验结果表明:不同放电电容在相同激励器间距的条件下,击穿电压基本相同;击穿电压随激励器间距增大而增大。有放电电容能产生较大的放电电流,且电流值随电容值的增大而增大。有放电电容条件下的能量消耗率比无放电电容要高,易于产生高能的等离子体合成射流。     

不同条件下大气压脉冲弥散放电特性

利用上升沿约0.5 s、半高宽约6 s、幅值可达40 kV的微秒脉冲电源和上升沿约150 ns、半高宽约300 ns、幅值可达50 kV的纳秒脉冲电源激励大气压弥散放电,并分别采用刀型和锯齿电极放电。通过电压电流测量和发光图像拍摄,改变施加电压种类、脉冲重复频率、高压电极结构和气隙距离等参数,研究了不同条件下弥散放电特性。实验结果表明:纳秒脉冲电源和微秒脉冲电源均能在大气压空气中激励大面积的弥散放电,弥散放电面积最大达90 cm2;放电的均匀性受脉冲参数与电极形状影响显著,其中刀型电极条件下纳秒脉冲激励的弥散放电均匀性最佳;相同条件下纳秒脉冲弥散放电的瞬时功率大于微秒脉冲弥散放电,最高可达275 kW,而纳秒脉冲弥散放电的能量小于微秒脉冲弥散放电;保持其他条件不变,弥散放电传导电流幅值随着气隙距离的增加而降低,放电强度随着脉冲重复频率的增加而增强,弥散放电的工作电压范围随着脉冲重复频率的增加显著降低。因此在低频、刀型电极结构中易于获得均匀与较大工作电压范围的大气压弥散放电。     

高温超导混合脉冲变压器的研制与放电测试研究

为了利用脉冲变压器模式有效提升输出电流,介绍了一种在常规脉冲变压器基础上引入超导技术混合应用的方法.通过理论分析和参数计算,研制出了由3个超导双饼绕组和2个单饼式铜绕组组成的实验用高温超导混合脉冲变压器.对研制好的混合变压器进行脉冲放电测试,实验结果表明:在初始电容器充电610V的条件下,变压器副边实现2.6kA的大电...     

气流对微秒脉冲滑动放电特性的影响

脉冲电源驱动的滑动放电能够在大气压下产生高能量、高功率密度的低温等离子体. 为了研究微秒脉冲电源在针-针电极结构中产生滑动放电的特征, 本文采用电压幅值为0–30 kV, 脉冲宽度约8 μs, 脉冲重复频率为1–3000 Hz的微秒脉冲电源, 通过测量电压、电流波形和拍摄放电图像, 研究了微秒脉冲滑动放电的电特性. 实验结果表明, 随着施加电压的增加微秒脉冲滑动放电存在三种典型的放电模式: 电晕放电、弥散放电和类滑动放电. 不同放电模式的电压、电流波形和放电图像之间差异显著. 脉冲重复频率对微秒脉冲滑动放电特性有影响, 表现为当气体流量较小(2 L/min)时, 类滑动放电的放电通道随着脉冲重复频率的增大逐渐集中, 而当气体流量较大(16 L/min)时, 类滑动放电的放电通道随着脉冲重复频率的增大逐渐分散. 不同气流下重复频率对滑动放电特性的影响与放电中粒子的记忆效应和气流的状态有关.     

LaB6在低压强氮气和氦气中的放电特性

 研究了LaB₆在1~10 Pa氮气和氦气中的直流和脉冲放电特性以及放电过程对电极的影响。结果表明，电极直径为5 mm的LaB6氦气放电管在脉冲工作状态下可以长期稳定放电。在脉冲电压为2.2 kV、脉冲宽度10 ms、频率13.3 Hz下，脉冲峰值放电电流超过120 A。氦气放电管在放电过程中，阴极表面有离子的清洗和活化作用，可以使电极的表面逸出功降低，提高放电管的发射能力和稳定性。LaB₆作为气体放电电极具有寿命长、延迟时间短、放电电流大等优点，可用于重复强流脉冲气体放电的高压高速开关器件。     

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采用纳秒脉冲电源,在静止空气条件下,开展了不同气压、放电距离和电压条件下的大体积纳秒脉冲放电实验研究.研究表明,当长度固定为200mm时,气压为250Pa时,随着电压的增大,放电区域从圆锥电极附近扩展到整个通道.当电压为12kV时,放电布满整个通道;随气压升高,初始放电电压增大.实验中发现在电压升高到一定程度时纳秒脉冲电离出现不稳定性,表现在气压相对较低时等离子体出现径向波动,气压相对较高时非平衡等离子体放电向电弧放电转变.分析认为,为了实现大体积均匀放电等离子体的产生,阻止放电不稳定性发生,应该采用上升沿时间更短,脉宽更小,电压更高的纳秒脉冲电源.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.