Approach to all-optical bipolar direct-sequence ultrawideband coding

An approach to all-optical bipolar direct-sequence ultrawideband (UWB) encoding for multiple access communications is proposed and demonstrated. The bipolar coding is performed based on electro-optic phase modulation and phase modulation to intensity modulation (PM-IM) conversion in a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) array that serves as a multichannel frequency discriminator. The chip number and the chip period of the code are determined by the number of FBGs and their physical separation. By locating the optical carriers that carry a Gaussian pulse at the left or right slopes of the FBG reflection spectra, bipolar direct-sequence UWB codes are generated. A bipolar UWB coding system with a code length of 4 is experimentally demonstrated.     

A tunable single-passband microwave photonic filter with positive and negative taps using a fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer and phase modulation

In this paper, a tunable single-passband microwave photonic filter with positive and negative taps based on phase modulation and a fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer (FMZI)) is presented, theoretically analyzed and experimentally demonstrated. The FMZI as the slicing filter results in a single-bandpass characteristic for the presented filter, and by using phase modulation, a number of negative taps are generated, thus making the baseband resonance suppressed, which is desirable for microwave photonic filter's application. The wavelength spacing of the FMZI can be tuned by employing an optical variable delay line, making the present filter continuously tunable. A tunable single-passband microwave photonic filter without baseband resonance is achieved in the experiment. The present filter shows an extinction ratio of up to ∼20 dB and good tuning linearity.     

Reconfigurable microwave photonic transversal filter using a variable gain tilt filter

A novel and simple technique to realize reconfigurable microwave photonic transversal filter is presented. In the proposed method, a multi-wavelength source and a dispersive medium are applied to achieve multiple taps; and an electro-optic ceramic material-based variable gain tilt filter (VGTF) is utilized to control the tap weights of the filter. The VGTF is computer-controlled via a universal serial bus interface, which enables real-time reconfiguration of the filter. Filter responses with different passband bandwidth and different sidelobe suppression can be achieved. Compared with previous approaches, the given method features in less optical components involved and faster response speed. A three-tap reconfigurable filter with sub-millisecond response speed is experimentally demonstrated.     

Microwave photonic filter with multiple taps based on single semiconductor optical amplifier

A novel technique to implement a microwave photonic filter structure with multiple taps and arbitrary frequency response is presented. The proposed filter is based on Four-Wave Mixing (FWM) and Cross-Gain Modulation (XGM) in a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). Two-tap notch filter and three-tap bandpass filter with arbitrary bipolar tap generation, high rejection ratio, and widely tunability are successfully demonstrated in the experiment. Extensions to this concept by adding new probe light to provide more taps and improve the bandwidth to high frequency regime are also discussed.     

Photonic microwave bandpass filter with improved dynamic range

A technique to improve the dynamic range of a photonic microwave bandpass filter is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The filter is implemented based on phase modulation to intensity modulation conversion using fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) serving as frequency discriminators, with the optical carriers located at the left or right slopes of the FBGs, to generate positive or negative tap coefficients. The dynamic range of the photonic microwave bandpass filter is increased by reducing the optical-carrier-induced shot noise and relative intensity noise at the photodetector, which is realized by placing the optical carriers at the lower slopes of the FBG reflection spectra. A photonic microwave bandpass filter with an improvement in dynamic range of about 10 dB is demonstrated.     

Continuously tunable photonic microwave filter based on a spatial light modulator

An optical microwave filter architecture which can be continuously tuned is proposed and demonstrated. The architecture is based on a nematic liquid crystal spatial light modulator in parallel configuration and has the potential to control a large number of taps. Proof-of concept experimental results are provided.     

Multitap microwave photonic filters with programmable phase response via optical frequency comb shaping

We present a programmable multitap microwave photonic filter with an arbitrary phase response operating over a broad bandwidth. Complex coefficient taps are achieved by optical line-by-line pulse shaping on a 10 GHz flat optical frequency comb using a novel interferometric scheme. Through high-speed real-time measurements, we demonstrate programmable chirp control of a waveform via phase filtering. This achievement enables us to compress broadband microwave signals to their corresponding bandwidth-limited pulse duration.     

Microwave photonic filter’s application on the microwave signal generation based on an active mode-locked fiber laser

A novel scheme which utilizes the microwave photonic filter technique for the optical generation of a microwave signal based on an active mode-locked fiber laser is proposed. A microwave signal generator using a microwave photonic filter based on a 2: 1 optical coupler with a fiber loop which can effectively suppress a low-order frequency component of the microwave signal is demonstrated and a ～10-GHz microwave signal is achieved based on an active mode-locked fiber laser with the original pulse repetition rate of ～5 GHz.     

Optical Microwave and Millimeter Generation by Using Birefringent Fiber FP Cavity with Pulse Laser Injection

A novel optical microwave and millimeter generation by using single mode fiber FP cavity (SMFFPC) with pulse laser injection is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The frequency of output signal is determined by the birefringence degree of the SMFFPC, a general relationship between output signal frequency of SMFFPC and birefringence degree of single mode fiber is derived. The proof of concept device consists of a light source, a polarizer controller, a modulator, a RF generator, a single mode fiber Fabry-Perot cavity, a strain inspector, an erbium doped fiber amplifier, a filter, a polarizer, and a digital communication analyzer. The results demonstrate the new concept of optical microwave and millimeter generation and the technical feasibility.     

Continuous True-Time-Delay System Employing a Novel Tunable Chirped Fiber Grating Delay Line and a Sampled Grating Based Multiwavelength Fiber Laser

A photonics true-time-delay system for phased array antenna beam steering employing a novel tunable chirped fiber grating delay line and a multi-wavelength erbium-doped fiber ring laser source based on a sampled grating filter is proposed. The tunable chirped fiber grating, which act as a continuous time-delay element, is achieved by bending a uniform fiber Bragg grating bonded at a slant onto the lateral surface of a simply supported beam. This technique allows the dynamic control of the chirp rate and spectral width of the grating without center wavelength shift. By adjusting the chirp rate of the fiber grating via bend strain, this kind of tunable chirped fiber grating could achieve very low and adjustable delay times, therefore provides higher angle resolution for scanning microwave beam, even the wavelengths of laser source are fixed and un-tunable. The true-time-delay system using proposed tunable chirped fiber grating delay element and sampled grating based laser source is constructed and demonstrated experimentally.     

Proposal for photonic quantization with differential encoding using a phase modulator and delay-line interferometers

A photonic quantization approach to implementing analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) in the optical domain with differential encoding employing a phase modulator and delay-line interferometers (DLIs) is proposed and demonstrated. In the proposed ADC system, the phase-modulated signal is sent to an array of DLIs that have identical time delay difference, but different phase shifts, which are employed to achieve quantization with differential encoding. A proof-of-concept experiment is performed. The quantization of a 10 GHz sinusoidal signal with a bit length of 4 is experimentally demonstrated.     

Microwave photonic filter with negative coefficients based on counter-phase modulation using a single electro-optic phase modulator

A simple photonic approach is proposed for the implementation of a reconfigurable multi-tap microwave filter with negative coefficients. In this scheme, a dual-optical-input intensity modulation module which can perform counter-phase modulation is constructed using a single electro-optic phase modulator. Two inter-complementary microwave signals are experimentally obtained for verification of the function of counter-phase modulation. A reconfigurable four-tap microwave filter with two negative coefficients is implemented by experiment.     

Tunable Single-Passband Microwave Photonic Filter Based on Sagnac Loop and Fabry-Perot Laser Diode

A tunable single-passband microwave photonic filter is proposed and demonstrated, based on a laser diode(LD)array with multiple optical carriers and a Fabry-Perot(F-P) laser diode. Multiple optical carriers in conjunction with the F-P LD will realize a filter with multiple passbands. By adjusting the wavelengths of the multiple optical carriers, multiple passbands are merged into a single passband with a broadened bandwidth. By varying the number of the optical carrier, the bandwidth can be adjusted. The central frequency can be tuned by adjusting the wavelength of the multiple optical carriers simultaneously. A single-passband filter implemented by two optical carriers is experimentally demonstrated.     

Photonics True-Time-Delay Unit for Phased-Array Antenna Using Multiwavelength Fiber Laser Based on a Sagnac Interferemetric Filter

A photonics true-time-delay system for phased array beamforming using a chirped grating-based time-delay element and a novel multiwavelength erbium-doped fiber ring laser source employing a Sagnac filtering mirror is proposed. The Sagnac filtering mirror consists of a polarization maintaining directional coupler and two pieces of polarization maintaining fibers. The lasing wavelength and number are determined by properly adjusting the polarization controller within the unidirectional ring cavity and are very stable. A chirped-grating-based true-time-delay system using the proposed laser source is constructed and demonstrated experimentally.     

脉冲压缩与互相关联合的合成孔径声呐回波时延补偿

针对合成孔径声呐中阵元相位不一致导致互相关时延补偿算法对成像质量提升效果有限的问题,提出了一种脉冲压缩与互相关联合的回波时延补偿算法.该算法利用脉冲压缩回波的互相关对原始回波相位畸变进行校正,实现粗补偿;联合脉冲压缩与偏移相位中心算法实现精细时延补偿,对不同合成孔径位置各阵元回波时延差实现了较为准确的估计,增强了成像效果。试验数据经该算法处理后,回波时延得到较为精确的补偿,地貌成像结果的亮度、对比度等统计特性得到不同程度的提高,且纹理细节增多;典型线缆目标的成像聚焦加深,成像长度误差约由5%减小为0.8%。试验结果显示,该算法对互相关时延补偿方法改进效果明显,验证了算法的可行性、有效性。      

A Widely Tunable Photonic-Assisted Microwave Notch Filter with High Linearity Using a Dual-Parallel Mach-Zehnder Modulator

A widely tunable microwave photonic(MWP) notch filter with high linearity based on a dual-parallel MachZehnder modulator(DPMZM) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated.The motivation of this work lies in the fact that the MWP notch filter previously reported has nonlinear distortions generally induced by the nonlinear property of electro-optic devices.In this scheme,even-order modulated sidebands at the DPMZM output are effectively suppressed by properly adjusting bias voltages of the DPMZM,which are the dominant factor to induce the nonlinear distortions into the MWP notch filter.The proposed scheme is theoretically analyzed and experimentally verified.     

基于矢量叠加实现差分编码的光子模数转换方案

提出并验证了一种基于矢量叠加原理对输入射频信号进行差分编码的光子模数转换方案.该方案采用两路不同波长脉冲源通过一个相位调制器对输入射频信号进行调制,调制输出接入延时线干涉仪从而产生两路具有固定相位差的差分调制信号.利用矢量叠加模块对两路差分调制信号的强度进行不同程度的衰减和组合,从而获得系统量化所需的各路传递函数之间的相移量.该方案能够对输入射频信号实现差分编码,有效提高了系统的比特精度.同时该方案结构简单,只需要一个相位调制器,一个延时线干涉仪和一个矢量叠加模块即可构建.另外,各路传递函数之间的相移量是通过衰减两路差分调制信号的强度来实现,避免了传统光子模数转换方案中调制器对温度、环境敏感而引入的相位漂移问题.本文对4比特模数转换系统进行了原理性验证,实验结果证实了基于矢量叠加原理的光子模数转换方案的可行性.     

主动相位偏置折叠型萨尼亚克光纤传感阵列时分复用技术

针对折叠结构萨尼亚克(Sagnac)光纤传感阵列存在噪声光与信号光混叠的问题,提出了一种主动相位偏置时分复用方案.在传统梯形结构传感阵列的基础上,通过调整总线光纤的长度关系和附加延迟光纤的方法,使噪声光和信号光依次交替返回而不会发生混叠.进一步分析表明,通过调整延迟光纤环的长度,可以使输入光脉冲的重复频率达到标准时分复用系统重复频率的二分之一.整个阵列的相位偏置由一个与输入光脉冲同步的相位调制信号驱动集成光学芯片实现.实验演示了一个两基元的传感阵列,最小时间间隔为331.25 ns,输入光脉冲重复频率可达754.727 kHz,在5 kHz处相位灵敏度为7.3μrad√(Hz),探头间串扰约为-51.75 dB.     

A tunable and reconfigurable microwave photonic filter based on two cascaded modulators and a dispersive medium

A novel tunable and reconfigurable microwave photonic filter based on two cascaded modulators and a dispersive medium is proposed, theoretically discussed and experimentally demonstrated. A single-wavelength LD and a modulator (either a Mach-Zehnder modulator or a phase modulator which can avoid the dc bias drift problem) are used to obtain a multi-wavelength optical source. By adjusting the modulation frequency and the bias voltage on the modulators, the wavelength spacing and the relative amplitude of the optical tones change, thus making the filter tunable and reconfigurable. The experimental results show that the proposed filters have good tunability and reconfigurability and the mainlobe-to-sidelobe ratio of around 25 dB is achieved.     

All-optical microwave bandpass filter and phase shifter using a broadband optical source and an optical phase modulator

We propose a system that can perform microwave bandpass filtering and phase shifting simultaneously without redundant optical-electrical and electrical-optical conversions. The principle is based on polarization-dependant phase modulation of a broadband optical source and the variable optical carrier time shift method. A single-bandpass microwave photonic filter with a central frequency of 10.8 GHz, a 3-dB bandwidth of 670 MHz, and a 360° phase tuning range is experimentally demonstrated. The capability of our configuration to implement wideband phase shifters is also verified.