硫酸盐型厌氧氨氧化性能的研究

研究了自养条件下硫酸盐型厌氧氨氧化的性能．试验表明,在无氧条件下,SO4^2-和NH4^＋化学性质稳定,两者间不发生化学反应．在厌氧反应器中接种厌氧消化污泥,经过三年多的连续驯化,可使厌氧反应器发生硫酸盐型厌氧氨氧化（NH4^＋-N和SO4^2-S同时减少）．在高基质浓度下,NH4＋-N和5042-浓度平均降低71．67和56．82mg．L^-1．硫酸盐型厌氧氨氧化的标准吉布斯自由能变化较小,反应可以发生,但不易进行．高基质浓度和低氧化还原电位对该反应有促进作用．     

一种自行设计的新型氢气发生器及实验效果观察

氢气和二氧化碳的发生不仅在化学教学、科研实验中比较常用,而且在医学微生物学厌氧培养技术上也是不可缺少的。上述两种气体的制取分为工业及实验室两种方法。用工业制法获得的气体用起来较为方便,然而设备、造价高、仅能在大城市得到供应。实验室制法仍有它独到之处。最近出于培养厌氧细菌的需要,笔者自行设计了     

Prediction of Crystal Structure and Density for Benzotrifuroxan(BTF) by AAPM

因苯并三氧化呋咱（ＢＴＦ）是具有广泛应用的很重要的化合物，且其晶体结构和性能的信息缺乏，故本文基于原子原子势方法（ＡＡＰＭ）预示了它的晶体结构和密度．分析了静电相互作用对ＢＴＦ晶体结构的影响．ＢＴＦ的非共面结构不能简单地不考虑电荷模型而加以预测．运用ａｂｉｎｉｔｉｏ计算求得的净原子电荷计算了它的结构参数和密度．结果发现，ＭＫＳ电荷能提供结构和密度预示与实测之间的最佳对应．由整体探索求得的分子堆积给出了合理成功的ＢＴＦ的结构和密度预测．密度预测的非精确度不超过０．０２ｇ·ｃｍ－３．     

有关厌氧性粘合剂的某些问题

<正> 前言厌氧性粘合密封剂由于具有厌氧固化的性能而受到重视,它提供简单的化学方法解决了机械上往往是困难或不能满意地解决的课题,在机械工业中应用改革原来的工艺获得明显的经济收益,因此近年在国外各工业部门中已获得较广泛的应用。锁固密封及装配固定用胶早已完成产品系列化,由于近年液体密封胶有向以100％反应性基材组成(无溶剂单组份)方向发展的动向,故各种密封专用厌氧胶,如柔性厌氧胶与各种快固化密封用胶亦有快速发展。     

线粒体体外代谢热动力学研究

线粒体是细胞重要的细胞器之一，有细胞的“能源工厂”之称．因为线粒体内有许多酶，是特殊的酶催化氧化反应的场所山；所有动、植物细胞的线粒体都能通过各种营养物的氧化而产生“富能”物质ATP．采用一定的技术可将线粒体从细胞中分离出来，分离出来的线粒体中的酶系统还有一定的活性，而且线粒体内也有一定的营养物质，这样酶系统就能利用这些营养物进行代谢，从而释放出一定的能量．我们用微量热法对两种鱼肝脏线粒体进行了测量，发现线粒体代谢过程分四个阶段：停滞期、活性恢复期、稳定期、活性衰减期．在活性恢复期和活性衰减期，…     

从聚丙烯流动曲线估算分子量分布

聚丙烯的控制降解技术由于能够带来很好的经济效益，国内外都在进行研究．其中分子量分布是一个重要数据，它对于聚丙烯的注塑、纺丝、薄膜等加工过程都有重要的影响．分子量分布一般用重均分子量Mw和数均分子量Mn之比D=Mw/Mn来表征，称为分子量分布指数．它可以     

“GC—MS联用技术培训班”即将举办

近年来，有机质谱技术有了长足的发展，在分析检测和研究的许多领域中起着越来越重要的作用，特别是在许多有机化合物常规检测工作中成为一种必备的工具．随着有机质谱技术在各领域的广泛使用，人们对有机质谱技术掌握的需求也日益强烈，应广大用户的强烈要求，信立方质谱培训中心联合业内著名专家，在2009年推出有机质谱系列培训之GC—MS联用技术培训班．     

现场表面拉曼光谱研究Ni-P合金电沉积机理

由于Ｎｉ Ｐ合金具有许多优越的物理和化学性能 ,如高的耐蚀性［１］、好的电催化特性［２,３］以及好的非磁特性［４,５］,人们对这种合金的沉积方法进行了大量的研究．磷是一种不能从水溶液中单独进行电沉积的元素 ,但它很容易和铁组元素共沉积．为了解释这一现象 ,Ｂｒｅｎｎｅｒ曾提出直接机理［６］．认为镀液中磷的含氧酸 (根 )直接在电极上还原成合金中的磷．然而 ,磷不能用电化学方法以纯态沉积出来,所以直接机理没有被广泛接受．第二种是由Ｆｅｄｏｔ′ｅｖ等提出的间接机理［７］,认为磷的含氧酸（根）首先还原成磷化氢（ＰＨ…     

铁、锰和硼元素对厌氧微生物脱氮除磷的影响

为研究在废水处理系统中铁、锰和硼元素对厌氧微生物生长代谢的影响,采用厌氧血清瓶培养实验,确定了在不同铁、锰和硼元素的投加量下,此种厌氧微生物脱氮除磷能力的变化。结果表明,铁元素的投加量为30mg·L^-1时,除磷效果最好;锰元素的投加量不应该超过2．5mg·L^-1;而硼元素对除磷无促进作用。     

丙烯酸-丙烯酸钠共聚物在水溶液中的离解

聚丙烯酸和聚丙烯酸盐是一类重要的水溶性聚合物,也是典型的聚电解质的代表．聚电解质在溶液中可以离解为聚离子和对离子,这一行为是它的根本特性．聚电解质的离解行为与相应的小分子．弱酸和弱酸强碱所生成的盐的离解行为有很大的不同,从而引发了许多实验和理论的研究.早期的工作,大都是用电位滴定的方法研究酸性聚电解质的离解,     

HEH[EHP]从硫酸介质中萃取钴的反应热测定和热动力学性质

热动力学函数;微量量热法;HEH[EHP]从硫酸介质中萃取钴的反应热测定和热动力学性质     

Thermokinetics of The Combustion of Carbon Containing Materials. Practical aspects of the investigations

The results of the thermokinetic analysis of the combustion of carbon containing materials in the air and oxygen have been presented. A thermokinetic model has been developed, which simplifies the current approach assuming the0-th order and zero activation energy for this process. The interpretation of the results makes possible the identification of the material (carbon carrier) of the highest reactivity toward oxygen. This material was used as a component of the insulating grease fill for the continuous slab caster (CSC) process. The application of the fill proves successful in the industrial practice. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

热动力学的研究(Ⅰ)——热动力学的理论和方法

本文根据化学反应热与反应进度的对应关系,导出了热动力学体系的基本方程和热动曲线的解析表达式。并提出了一种新的热动力学研究法。     

STUDIES ON THERMOKINETICS.(Ⅰ)THEORY AND METHODS OP THERMOKINETICS

A chemical reaction taking place in a calorimeter is called a thermokinetic system.The recording curve of its temperature during the reaction is called a thermogram.It is very interesting to study the reaction kinetics from.its thermogram but the theory and methods of thermokinetics have not been developed into perfection yet.In this article,the thermokinetic equations of a reacting system are derived in the light of nonequilibrium thermodynamics.And the analytical expression of a thermogram can be derived from the thermokinetic equations.On this theoretical basis,a new research method in thermokinetics has been suggested     

平行反应的热动力学研究法

根据热动力学基本理论, 推导了平行准一级反应和平行准一二级反应的热动力学方程, 建立了热谱解析平行反应动力学参数的热动力学研究法, 并利用该法研究了两个模拟平行反应体系的热动力学, 实验结果验证了方法的正确性.     

细胞动力学研究IV.细菌非理想生长过程的热动力学

By using LKB2277 Bioactivity Monitor, we have determined the thermogenesis power curves of four kinds of bacteria: Brucella M5(55010), 83-980, 83-981 and E. coli. We have also derived the thermokinetic equation for the process of bacterial growth, which was untypical "S" , unideal growth, as:
Ln[P•(1-P/Pm)?-1]=ln[P0•(1-P0/Pm)?-1]+kt
From this equation, the rate constants of bacterial growth k wore obtained. This thermokinetic equation is very suitable for cell growth of separated culture, in which the thermogenesis curve is untypical. The model propoted by equationl(1) has been compared with the exponential and logistic models. This thermokinetic equation is very significant for the study of bacterial limited growth and their characteristics.     

The Kissinger law and isokinetic effect: Part II. Experimental analysis

On the basis of copper sulphate pentahydrate thermal dissociation, for analyzed reactions I to IV, 6 thermokinetic equations was discussed. Arrhenius law parameters were determined and the isokinetic effect (IE) and Kissinger law appearing was analyzed. It was found that only dependence resulting from isokinetic effect, in the form k _m=q/T _m, relates to the suitable thermokinetic Eq. (2) and Kissinger law in modified form (14). The confirmation was made that the possibility of determining the averaged activation energy from thermokinetic equations using suitable correction coefficients exists.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Isothermal versus non-isothermal calorimetric technique to evaluate thermokinetic parameters and thermal hazard of tert-butyl peroxy-2-ethyl hexanoate

Liquid organic peroxides have been broadly employed in the process industries such as tert-butyl peroxy-2-ethyl hexanoate (TBPO). This study investigated the thermokinetic parameters of TBPO, a typical liquid organic peroxide, by isothermal kinetic algorithms and non-isothermal kinetic algorithms with thermal activity monitor III, and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. An attempt has been made to determine the thermokinetic parameters by simulation software, such as exothermic onset temperature (T ₀), maximum temperature (T _max), decomposition (?H _d), activation energy (E _a), self-accelerating decomposition temperature, and isothermal time to maximum rate (TMR_iso). A liquid thermal explosion model was established for a reactor containing liquid organic peroxide of interest. From experimental results, liquid organic peroxides?? optimal conditions for avoiding a violent runaway reaction of storage and transportation were created.     

Thermokinetic parameters and thermal hazard evaluation for three organic peroxides by DSC and TAM III

The thermokinetic parameters were investigated for cumene hydroperoxide (CHP), di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP), and tert-butyl peroxybenzoate (TBPB) by non-isothermal kinetic model and isothermal kinetic model by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal activity monitor III (TAM III), respectively. The objective was to investigate the activation energy (E _a) of CHP, DTBP, and TBPB applied non-isothermal well-known kinetic equation to evaluate the thermokinetic parameters by DSC. We employed TAM III to assess the thermokinetic parameters of three liquid organic peroxides, obtained thermal runaway data, and then used the Arrhenius plot to obtain the E _a of liquid organic peroxides at various isothermal temperatures. In contrast, the results of non-isothermal kinetic algorithm and isothermal kinetic algorithm were acquired from a highly accurate procedure for receiving information on thermal decomposition characteristics and reaction hazard.     

特征参量法1: 简单级数反应的热动力学研究法

建立了测定热动力学体系冷却常数的线性拟合法和简单级数反应通用的热动力学研究法---特征参量法。导出了简单级数反应的动力学参数Kn和速率常数kn的通用计算式。应用冷却常数的线性拟合法在不同温度下测定了两个反应体系的冷却常数, 探讨了温度、浓度、介质及装样方式对冷却常数的影响。应用简单级数反应的特征参量法研究了一级、二级、三级和分数级反应的热动力学, 结果文献值吻合。讨论了热动力学体系的冷却常数对速率常数计算结果的影响。