担载Ru-Co原子簇催化剂在乙烯甲酰化中的催化行为

众所周知，催化活性和选择性与活性组分的粒度、结构有很大的关系，而通过金属有机原子簇化合物载于无机载体上可以获得金属高分散度和金属组分组成均匀的催化剂，在一系列反应中显示了较高的活性和选择性[1-3]．在前面的研究中，肖丰收等报导了担载的Ru－CO双金属原子簇催化剂在CO＋H2反应中对含氧化合物的形成显示了很高的活性和选择性[4-5]．在本文中，作者利用红外光谱等技术研究了在SiO2担载的Ru－Co双金属原子簇催化剂上乙烯甲酸化反应，并对含氧化合物的形成机理进行了讨论．1实验部分在催化剂的制备过程中所有的操作都是在高纯…     

1-硅萘和2-硅萘二聚反应的比较理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)方法在B3LYP/6-311G**水平研究了1-硅萘和2-硅萘[2+2]及[4+2]二聚反应的微观机理、势能剖面,考察了苯溶剂对反应势能剖面的影响.计算结果表明,[2+2]二聚反应为同步的协同反应,而[4+2]二聚反应以协同但非同步的方式进行.1-硅萘的[2+2]反应与2-硅萘的[2+2]反应在热力学和动力学上很接近,但它们的[4+2]反应则有较大不同.在1-硅萘的二聚反应中,[4+2]反应在热力学和动力学上都比[2+2]反应容易进行;但在2-硅萘的二聚反应中,反而是[2+2]反应容易进行.苯溶剂对所研究反应的势能剖面影响不大.     

MCM-41表面新戊基锆和氧化锆的制备

首次在高真空系统中利用Ｚr[CH2C(CH3)3]4与表面羟基的反应把－Ｚr[CH2C(CH3)3]2基团接枝在介孔硅胶ＭＣＭ－４１的表面上,经进一步氧化和水解得到了表面富锆ＭＣＭ－４１材料,采用元素分析、ＦＴＩＲ、固态ＮＭＲ、Ｘ射线粉末射及吡啶化学吸附等分别表征了材料的组成及性质,初步研究表明接枝法制备的ＺrMCM-41比水热法合成的样品有更好的吸附和催化性能。     

溶液还原法制备球形超细镍粉

超细镍粉由于表面活性高、导电性和导热性好而被广泛应用于化学催化剂、烧结活化剂、导电浆料门等方面．目前，制备超细镍粉的方法主要有问：真空蒸馏冷凝法、机械粉碎法、电解法、羰基镍热分解法、浆化氢还原法和溶液还原法等．在这些方法中，溶液还原法的工艺简单，所得粉末纯度高，颗粒尺寸小且分布均匀[3]．法国的Figlarz等[4]用弱有机还原剂乙二醇还原粒径小干0．1μm的Ni（OH）2。超细粉末，引入AgNO3。作为成核剂后，制得了粒径＜1μm的超细镍粉，但这种方法需长时间高温回流反应，对原料要求苛刻，且采用有机分散介质成本较高，…     

柱撑阴离子粘土的合成、表征及催化性能研究(Ⅴ)

近年来，同多酸和杂多酸型层往化合物作为新型微孔催化剂，在固体无机合成化学和多酸催化化学等领域引起人们的关注[1-3]．Pinnavaia[3]等人首先将同多阴离子发通过与Zn2AlNO3进行离子交换反应，制备了通道高度为0．72urn的新型无机层柱化合物Zn2Al－V10O28．并发现它在液·固相体系中，对异丙醇光氧化成丙酮的反应具有较高活性与选择性．最近，我们采用类似的方法制备了单取代和三取代型Keggin结构杂多阴离子XW11ZO39（H2O）n-[4]和XW9Z3O37（H2O）[5]（分别缩写成XW11Z和XW9Z3）柱撑的ZnAl层柱双羟基化合物Zn2Al－HPOMs（H…     

分子态氧在Ag(110)面上的吸附构型、吸附态和吸附能的CM和DAM从头算研究

本文分别用原子簇模型(CM)浸入吸附原子簇模型(DAM)的从头算方法, 研究了分子态氧在Ag(110)面上的化学吸附构型, 吸附态和吸附能。以Ag6O2为模型体系,对O2在Ag(110)表面长桥位(LB)化学吸附的研究表明: 二个最低能态是^1A1和^3A2,它们分别对应在[110]槽位吸附的过氧分子O2^2^-和在[001]方向吸附的超氧分子O2^-, 理论优化的吸附构型的实验测量分析结果非常一致。由于CM方法忽略了金属本体的影响, 所得吸附能明显低于实验值(甚至是负值), 而DAM方法得到正的吸附能, 且相当接近于实验值38.9kJ/mol, 其中[110]槽位吸附更为稳定。     

外延定向生长氧化铌模型催化剂的制备

为用现代表面科学技术研究金属氧化物催化剂，在Pt（111）上于超高真空系统中原位蒸镀制备了NbO、NbO2、NbO2、单晶薄膜（＞2nm）．通过AES、ISS、LEED、ILS等手段研究了单晶薄膜的成长模式、化学计量和几何结构．表明通过选择合适的废物和控制制备条件，可制备出确定结构的金属氧化物单晶薄膜表面作为体相氧化物催化剂的模型表面．这种方法克服了电子能谱技术研究金属氧化物表面的困难，为研究金属氧化物催化剂的表面化学物理性质提供了方法     

三甲硅基醚的断裂研究

Sommer等[1]首次应用（Me3SiO）2SO2向醇羟基引人三甲硅基（TMS）以保护羟基以来，已发展出很多方便有效的向醇羟基引人TMS保护基团的方法[2]．通常，立体阻碍越小的醇，其羟基越容易被硅基化，而且该TMS保护基团也就越容易在酸或碱性条件下被水解脱除[2]我们在天然产物PrehisPanolone的合成中[3]，羟基r-丁烯酸内酯2是一个关键的中间体．如何脱除前体三甲硅基醚的r-丁烯酸内酯1中的TMS保护基团是一个关键的问题．我们采用四了基氟化铵（TBAF）[4]（A）、酸性水解[5]（B）、碱性醇解[6]（C）和三氟化硼乙醚溶液（BF3-Et2O）[7]…     

分子态氧在Ag(110)面上的吸附构型、吸附态和吸附能的CM和DAM从头算研究

本文分别用原子簇模型(CM)和浸入吸附原子簇模型(DAM)的从头算方法,研究了分子态氧在Ag(110)面上的化学吸附构型,吸附态和吸附能.以Ag_6O_2为模型体系,对O_2在Ag(110)表面长桥位(LB)化学吸附的研究表明:二个最低能态是~1A_1和~3A_2,它们分别对应在[110]槽位吸附的过氧分子O_2~(2-)和在[001]方向吸附的超氧分子O_2,理论优化的吸附构型和实验测量分析结果非常一致.由于CM方法忽略了金属本体的影响,所得吸附能明显低于实验值(甚至是负值),而DAM方法得到正的吸附能,且相当接近于实验值38.9kJ/mol,其中[110]槽位吸附更为稳定.     

磷与碳、硅、硼、铝形成的二元簇离子的激光产生

在自制的装置上，用高能密度的脉冲激光束在高真空中直接溅射红磷和碳、硅、硼或铝粉的混合物，通过激光等离子体反应，产生了十分丰富的XnPm±（X＝C，Si，B，Al）二元原子簇，记录了它们的飞行时间质谱．对这些簇离子组分的分析发现，它们的成键和结构因其组成元素的不同而有明显的差异，这些差异反映了它们独特的结构化学行为．     

Generation of large gas-phase silver cluster ions by laser desorption/ionization of silver-containing salts

This work is the first to demonstrate the direct generation of large silver cluster ions through laser desorption/ionization of silver-containing salts without the assistance of a molecular beam. Both positively and negatively charged silver clusters up to 100-mer have been produced using this approach. It was observed that the silver cluster distributions produced by this method are similar to those produced using the beam-based approaches, namely there are two special features in the mass spectra. The first is that the cluster intensity distribution displays an odd–even alternation pattern. The second is a steep decrease of ion intensities after some clusters called ‘magic numbers'.     

Study of selenium clusters

The aim of this paper is to study the properties of selenium clusters produced by vapor condensation technique. Simulation of nucleation process up to 50 atoms are in favour of a structure close to the amorphous structure. Doubly charged clusters are also obtained in the mass spectra.     

应用MALDI-FTICRMS技术研究气相中含钨系列离子簇

以Keggin型磷钨酸为原料, 2,5-二羟基苯乙酮(DHAP)和2,4,6-三羟基苯乙酮(THAP)为基质, 使用基质辅助激光解吸/电离-傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱(MALDI-FTICRMS)技术研究气相中金属相关簇的稳定性及气相离子-分子反应. 在气相中获得不同系列的-1价含钨离子簇, 准确确定各系列离子簇的组成及Magic Numbers物种, 并发现基质与钨相互作用生成有机-无机杂化离子簇系列. 结果表明, MALDI-FTICRMS技术适用于研究气相中团簇离子的稳定性及气相离子-分子反应.     

Structures and stabilities of 3d-transition metal-benzene organometallic clusters

In the gas phase, we have successfully synthesized organometallic clusters, M_n(benzene)_m (M=3d transition metal atoms), by using a laser vaporization method. The measurements of mass spectra and ionization energies (E_i) have revealed that the organometallic clusters can take two types of structures; layered sandwich structures (m = n + 1) and metal clusters saturatedly covered with benzenes. For early transition metals of Sc, Ti, and V, only the multiple decker sandwich structure clusters were preferentially produced, in which benzene and metal atoms are alternately piled up. For late transition metals of Co and Ni, the metal clusters saturatedly surrounded by benzenes were also produced as well as the sandwich clusters. Furthermore, the E_is of M₁(benzene)₂ (M = Sc-Ni) were systematically measured and their electronic properties will be discussed.     

Comparison between selenium and tellurium clusters

Selenium and tellurium clusters are produced by the inert gas condensation technique. The mass spectra of both species are completely different and reveal different properties. In selenium, a periodicity of 6–7 is observed and may be interpreted by the binding energy between small cyclic molecules. Moreover, it was very difficult to obtained large clusters probably because the binding energy between these molecules is very small. In tellurium, these periodic structures do not exist and large clusters are easily obtained in nucleation conditions where only small selenium clusters are present. These results are discussed and a simple nucleation model is used to illustrate this different behavior. Finally these clusters properties are correlated to the bulk structure of both materials.     

Experimental studies on selenium cluster structures

In this paper, we report properties of selenium clusters produced by vapor condensation technique. Impact electronic ionization is performed on clusters in the size range from 2 to 36 atoms. The measured ionization potentials exhibit small oscillation corresponding to the wiggles observed on the mass distribution. An attempt to connect these experimental observations with the geometrical structure of the molecules is made in the discussion.     

Two size regimes of methanol clusters produced by adiabatic expansion

Free neutral methanol clusters produced by adiabatic expansion have been studied by photoelectron spectroscopy and line shape modeling. The results show that clusters belonging to two distinct size regimes can be produced by changing the expansion conditions. While the larger size regime can be well described by line shapes calculated for clusters consisting of hundreds of molecules, the smaller size regime corresponds to methanol oligomers, predominantly of cyclic structure. There is little contribution from dimers to the spectra.     

UV laser induced proton-transfer of protein molecule in the gas phase produced by droplet-beam laser ablation

Droplet-beam laser-ablation mass-spectrometry was applied for a study of the UV-laser induced proton-transfer reaction of protonated lysozyme hydrated clusters in the gas phase. Protonated lysozyme hydrated clusters were produced by irradiation of an IR laser onto a droplet-beam of an aqueous solution of lysozyme and were subsequently irradiated by a UV laser. It is found that H⁺ and H₃O⁺ are produced through photodissociation of protonated lysozyme hydrated clusters. The mechanism of the proton-transfer reaction is discussed.     

激光溅射下原子团簇生长的非平衡动力学

以激光溅射的方式,可以产生不同尺寸与组分的原子团簇．但是对这些团簇的生长过程,却一直缺少比较深入和细致的研究．本文结合激光真空溅射石墨的实验条件,考虑了激光能量、体系膨胀、环境压力、热量辐射等诸多因素,建立了在该条件下碳原子团簇生长的物理模型,得出了相应的动力学方程的数值解．计算结果表明：每个激光脉冲溅射出约8×10－9mol（5×1015个）粒子,它们产生时的初始压力约为2×105Pa．由于扩散等因素,团簇的形成反应在785μs后已不可能进行,但是各团簇产物的产率在反应开始后0．4μs左右已达到最大值,在约1．5μs内反应即已基本完成,因为此后原子团簇的尺寸分布不再有显著的差异．     

Structure of small rare earth clusters

Rare earth clusters are produced by the inert gas condensation technique. The observed size distribution shows large peaks atn=13, 19, 23, 26, 29, 32, 34, 37, 39, 45, ... The beginning of this sequence (up to 34) has been already observed in argon clusters and recently by our group in barium clusters; this sequence may be interpreted in terms of icosahedral structures corresponding to the addition of caps on a core icosahedron of 13 atoms.