分子氧在锐钛矿型TiO2表面的光助吸附和光助脱附

本文采用真空-质谱技术研究了紫外线照射下分子氧在锐钛矿型TiO₂表面的吸附和脱附机理。氧光助吸附后,锐钛矿表面成为活化表面。活化表面的O₂^-(分子氧在锐钛矿表面的吸附态)在1.33×10^-3Pa的真空中,在能量大于锐钛矿禁带宽度2.9eV的紫外线照射下成为分子氧脱附,氧脱附后的表面在无紫外线照射的氧气氛中对分子氧有吸附作用,该O₂^-饱和吸附量大于相同氧压下紫外线照射下O₂的饱和吸附量。在氧压和光强度相同的条件下,O₂^-吸附量与表面羟基化程度呈线性关系。     

氧化铈对氯化锰表面氧脱附与恢复性能的影响

采用ＴＰＤ－ＭＳ技术研究了Ｍｎ－Ｃｅ－Ｏ体系催化剂的表面氧脱附（供出）和恢复性能，并以甲醇氧化反应为探针考察了催化剂在不同气氛下的氧化活性。结果表明，氧化铈的存在并不影响氧化锰Ｏ２－ＴＰＤ特征峰的位置，但氧化锰表面的吸附氧数量明显增加，氧化锰表面吸附氧的恢复能力随氧化铈含量的增加而增大。催化剂对甲醇的氧化活性与其表面吸附氧数量有很好的对应并系。催化剂表面氧恢复能力越大，对甲醇的氧化活性受气影响越小     

高硅ZSM—5沸石填充硅像胶膜的研究（Ⅲ）：对纯溶剂的吸附…

研究Ｓｉｌｉｃａｌｉｔｅ－Ｉ填充ＰＤＭＳ膜对乙醇和水的吸附、脱附和渗透蒸发性质以及吸附膜中丙酮在ＤＳＣ测试中的行为。结果表明，沸石填充膜对乙醇的吸附量和渗透蒸发通量均明显高于水，且乙醇的沸石填充膜中达到吸附、脱附平衡的速度均快于水；且吸附在填充和不填充沸石的硅橡胶膜中丙酮的熔融温度有明显的提高，说明硅橡胶膜与有机溶剂有较强的相互作用。此外，沸石填充膜的结构在３０ｗｔ％填充量附近有一改变，表明膜中硅     

氧在银／二氧化硅催化剂上的超高真空程序升温脱附

 研究了氧在Ag／SiO2催化剂上的超高真空程序升温脱附．结果表明，脱附谱中出现了对应于表面分子氧（Tp＝340K）、体相氧（Tp＝570K）和次表层氧（Tp＝700～800K）的脱附峰．由于催化剂在制备过程中经过高温焙烧，因而其表面原子氧浓度低，脱附谱中未出现原子氧的脱附峰．高温焙烧还可使表面缺陷浓度增大，有利于原子氧向体相扩散，形成体相溶解氧，也有利于体相氧向表面扩散，所以对应于体相氧的570K脱附峰较强．体相氧和次表层氧向表面的扩散遵循不同的扩散机理．     

高硅ZSM－5沸石填充硅橡胶膜的研究（Ⅲ）──对纯溶剂的吸附、脱附及渗透蒸发性质

研究Ｓｉｌｉｃａｌｉｔｅ－Ⅰ填充ＰＤＭＳ膜对乙醇和水的吸附、脱附和渗透蒸发性质以及吸附膜中丙酮在ＤＳＣ测试中的行为。结果表明，沸石填充膜对乙醇的吸附量和渗透蒸发通量均明显高于水，且乙醇在沸石填充膜中达到吸附、脱附平衡的速度均快于水；且吸附在填充和不填充沸石的硅橡胶膜中丙酮的熔融温度有明显的提高，说明硅橡胶膜与有机溶剂有较强的相互作用。此外，沸石填充膜的结构在３０ｗｔ％填充量附近有一改变，表明膜中硅橡胶的连续性遭到破坏。     

炔氧甲基胺氨基三甲撑膦酸盐的缓蚀作用和阳极吸脱附行为研究

采用稳态极化曲线和交流阻抗测试技术研究了己基二炔氧甲基胺氨基三甲撑膦酸盐在盐酸介质中的缓蚀作用机理和阳极吸附行为。吸附等温式符合Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｃｈ等温式，随缓蚀剂的脱附，阻抗谱在低频区出现感抗弧，且随脱附的进行而增大。     

CH3（ad）在清洁及预吸附氧Pd（100）表面的热脱附性能

用高分辨电子能量损失谱，热脱附谱，紫外光电子能谱研究了ＣＨ３在清洁及预吸附氧Ｐｄ表面上的热稳定性。ＣＨ３由ＣＨ３Ｉ在Ｐｄ表面的热分解来产生。ＣＨ３Ｉ的ＨＲＥＥＬＳ表明，ＣＨ３中的Ｃ－Ｈ键近似与表面平行，ＣＨ３Ｉ在Ｐｄ表面低于１１０Ｋ时已裂解为ＣＨ３和Ｉ，大量的ＣＨ３在２００－２１０Ｋ的温度范围内的Ｈ结合并以ＣＨ４的形式脱附，但在氧改性表面，ＣＨ４脱附的温度范围变宽，脱附温度有所提高，可能是由于表面     

掺杂对Pd/Al2O3催化剂物相结构及表面氧性质的影响

采用XRD、DTA、TPD－MS及流动反应法等手段，研究了掺杂超细ZrO2对Pd／Al2O3催化剂物相结构、表面氧性能及催化活性的影响.结果表明，掺杂超细ZrO2，对催化剂Pd／Al2O3的载体物相变化（α－Al2O3的生成）有明显的抑制作用，很高了催化剂的贮氧能力及表面吸附氧的活性，从而提高了催化剂的耐热稳定性、氧化能力以及对贫氧气氛的适应能力．     

氧化铈对氧化锰表面氧脱附与恢复性能的影响

采用TPD-MS技术研究了Mn-Ce-O体系催化剂的表面氧脱附(供出)和恢复性能,并以甲醇氧化反应为探针考察了催化剂在不同气氛下的氧化活性。结果表明,氧化铈的存在并不影响氧化锰O₂-TPD特征峰的位置,但氧化锰表面的吸附氧数量明显增加,氧化锰表面吸附氧的恢复能力随氧化铈含量的增加而增大。催化剂对甲醇的氧化活性与其表面吸附氧数量有很好的对应关系。催化剂表面氧恢复能力越大,对甲醇的氧化活性受气相氧影响越小。     

含酮基团对煤焦异相还原NO的影响

基于量子化学密度泛函理论和过渡态理论研究了含酮基团对煤焦异相还原NO的影响及其产物发生氧脱附的微观反应机理。计算结果表明，NO更易于吸附在含酮基团煤焦表面。椅形含酮基团强化了煤焦异相还原NO；锯齿形含酮煤焦表面与NO异相反应决速步能垒值（495.45 kJ/mol）大于锯齿形纯碳基煤焦表面与NO决速步能垒值（331.32 kJ/mol），基于锯齿形含酮煤焦模型中的氧浓度不在利于NO还原的范围内而不易于NO的还原。中间产物P1在无CO存在情况下，较纯碳基煤焦表面更易于发生氧脱附而产生表面缺陷；在CO存在条件下，含酮煤焦表面为氧脱附过程提供自由活性位点，降低了过程能垒消耗。     

Effect of pH and applied potential on the adsorption of DNA on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite electrodes. Atomic force microscopy surface characterisation

Single-stranded and double-stranded DNA electrochemical biosensors prepared by adsorption during 3 min on HOPG, with or without an applied potential, at pH 5.3 and 7.0, were characterised by MAC mode AFM. During adsorption DNA condenses on the substrate forming complex network films with pores exposing the HOPG surface. The thin films formed in pH 5.3 acetate buffer always presented a better coverage of the HOPG surface with DNA molecules than films formed in pH 7.0 phosphate buffer. The application of a positive potential of 300 mV during adsorption enhanced the robustness and stability of the DNA films with the formation of bigger network holes and a more condensed and compact self-assembled DNA lattice. The knowledge of the morphology of adsorbed DNA on electrode surfaces explains non-specific adsorption on the electrode surface and can be used to improve and develop DNA-electrochemical biosensors.     

The adsorption of quaternary ammonium salts at a mercury solution interface: Part II. Non-symmetrical quaternary ammonium salts

The adsorption of triethyl alkyl (and allyl) ammonium bromides on a mercury electrode has been investigated. The isotherms and values of the free energy of adsorption yield information on the mode of adsorption of the cations. The formation of partial bimolecular films on the surface of mercury by the cations studied has been described and a simple explanation put forward concerning the mechanism of destruction of these films.     

Adsorption, desorption, and diffusion of nitrogen in a model nanoporous material. II. Diffusion limited kinetics in amorphous solid water

The adsorption, desorption, and diffusion kinetics of N2 on thick (up to approximately 9 microm) porous films of amorphous solid water (ASW) films were studied using molecular beam techniques and temperature programmed desorption. Porous ASW films were grown on Pt(111) at low temperature (<30 K) from a collimated H2O beam at glancing incident angles. In thin films (<1 microm), the desorption kinetics are well described by a model that assumes rapid and uniform N2 distribution throughout the film. In thicker films (>1 microm), N2 adsorption at 27 K results in a nonuniform distribution, where most of N2 is trapped in the outer region of the film. Redistribution of N2 can be induced by thermal annealing. The apparent activation energy for this process is approximately 7 kJ/mol, which is approximately half of the desorption activation energy at the corresponding coverage. Preadsorption of Kr preferentially adsorbs onto the highest energy binding sites, thereby preventing N2 from trapping in the outer region of the film which facilitates N2 transport deeper into the porous film. Despite the onset of limited diffusion, the adsorption kinetics are efficient, precursor mediated, and independent of film thickness. An adsorption mechanism is proposed, in which a high-coverage N2 front propagates into a pore by the rapid transport of physisorbed second layer N2 species on top of the first surface bound layer.     

Adsorption of bovine serum albumin onto poly(methyl methacrylate) stereocomplex films with a molecularly regulated nanostructure

Stereoregular poly(methyl methacrylate)s (PMMAs) were stepwise assembled on a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) substrate after the immersion of the QCM into alternating acetonitrile solutions at ambient temperature. A quantitative QCM analysis at each step showed stereocomplex formation on the substrate surface. The adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) onto stereocomplex films with a molecularly regulated nanostructure was analyzed quantitatively. The adsorption constant and the maximum adsorption amount, calculated by the assumption of Langmuir‐type adsorption, showed that BSA adsorbed with a relatively weak interaction onto the stereocomplex films. The BSA adsorption onto the stereocomplex films occurred in an end‐on manner, with a smaller adsorption constant than for that onto individual spin‐coated films. The amount of BSA adsorbed was significantly affected by the molecular weight of syndiotactic PMMA. Attenuated total reflection spectra indicated that BSA adsorbed onto the films with or without denaturing. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 1807–1812, 2003     

How electrolyte and polyelectrolyte affect the adsorption of the anionic surfactant SDS onto the surface of a cellulose thin film and the structure of the cellulose film. 1. Hydrophobic cellulose

The nature of hydrophobic thin cellulose films, formed by Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) deposition on silica, has been studied using neutron reflectivity (NR). The impact of electrolyte and a polyelectrolyte, poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) (polydmdaac), on the adsorption of the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) onto the surface of the hydrophobic cellulose film and upon the structure of the cellulose film has been investigated. The results show how a combination of polyelectrolytes and electrolyte can be used to manipulate surfactant adsorption onto hydrophobic cellulose surfaces and modify the structure of the cellulose film by swelling and penetration. The results illustrate how polyelectrolytes can be used to reverse adsorption and swelling of cellulose films which are not reversible simply by dilution in solvent.     

Selective Ni-P electroless plating on photopatterned cationic adsorption films influenced by alkyl chain lengths of polyelectrolyte adsorbates and additive surfactants

We demonstrated that the photopatterned single-layer adsorption film of poly(1-dodecyl-4-pyridinium bromide) on a silica surface was available for a template of nickel-phosphorus (Ni-P) electroless plating through sensitization with a SnCl(2) aqueous solution and activation with a PdCl(2) aqueous solution. Four kinds of poly(1-alkyl-4-vinylpyridinium halide)s bearing methyl, propyl, hexyl, and dodecyl groups were prepared. The cationic polymers were adsorbed by a negatively charged silica surface from their solutions, to form single-layer adsorption films exhibiting desorption-resistance toward deionized water and ethanol. The organic adsorption films could be decomposed completely by exposure to 172 nm deep-UV light. The formation and decomposition of the single-layer films were confirmed by deep-UV absorption spectral measurement and zeta-potential measurement. Ni-P electroless plating was carried out on the photopatterned adsorption films, using three types of SnO(x) colloidal materials without and with cationic or anionic surfactant as catalyst precursors in the sensitization step. In the case of the negatively charged SnO(x) colloids surrounded by anionic surfactant, Ni-deposition took place preferentially on the cationic adsorption films remaining in unexposed regions. The Ni-deposition was accelerated significantly on the cationic adsorption film bearing dodecyl groups. It was obvious by ICP-AES analyses that the hydrophobic long-chain dodecyl groups in the adsorption film could promote the adsorption of the negative SnO(x) colloids on the film surface, followed by much nucleus formation of zerovalent Pd catalysts useful for the electroless plating. The result of our experiment clearly showed that, in addition to electrostatic interaction, van der Waals interaction generating between the hydrophobic long-chain hydrocarbons of the adsorption film and the surfactant improved significantly the adsorption stability of the SnO(x) colloids, resulting in highly selective Ni-deposition in accord with the photopattern shape of the cationic single-layer adsorption film.     

染料在纳米TiO2薄膜表面吸附性能的研究

采用溶胶－凝胶法制备纳米TiO2薄膜，并通过吸附染料形成染料／TiO2复合薄膜。分析了染料与TiO2薄膜的相互关系，利用紫外可见、比表面等技术研究染料在纳米TiO2薄膜表面的吸附性能，并计算出TiO2薄膜对染料的最大吸附率。研究表明，染料溶液浓度、温度以及TiO2薄膜浸泡时间对染料吸附量有着显著的影响，染料的吸附性能直接影响着太阳能电池的光电转换效率。     

Patterns of the adsorption of bovine serum albumin on carboxymethyl dextran and carboxymethyl cellulose films

Patterns of the adsorption of bovine serum albumin on carboxymethyl dextran and carboxymethyl cellulose films are studied by means of microcontact printing, atomic force microscopy, and quartz crystal microbalance. It is shown that both the charge of polysaccharide macromolecules and the technique for deposition of their films onto the surface (via adsorption from a solution or covalent cross-linking) are factors that determine the degree of nonspecific adsorption of the protein on such films.     

The uranium recovery from aqueous solutions using amidoxime modified cellulose derivatives. IV. Recovery of uranium by amidoximated hydroxypropyl methylcellulose

Amidoxime modified hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) films (HPMC-g-AO) were used for the recovery of uranium from aqueous solutions by a complexation process. The adsorption experiments were carried out by immersion of a certain amount of films in UO₂ ²⁺ solutions (resultant pH 4.1) ranging in concentration from 100 to 1,000 ppm. The effect of temperature (25–50 °C) on the adsorption capacity of HPMC-g-AO was investigated at the optimized time. The adsorption kinetics and the thermodynamics as well as the adsorption capacity of HPMC-g-AO films were investigated. The adsorption capacity was found as 765 mg UO₂ ²⁺/g dry film. The kinetic and the thermodynamic parameters (i.e. activation energy, enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy) for the interaction of UO₂ ²⁺ with HPMC-g-AO were calculated based on known basic relations. The results showed that adsorption occurred through strong electrostatic interactions with an enthalpy of ?36.5 kJ/mol. The desorption of UO₂ ²⁺ were investigated using different desorption agents such as EDTA, HCl, NaHCO₃, and NaOH. After the 2 weeks treatment period, the highest desorption yield were found as 23 % with NaHCO₃.     

具有多级复合孔TiO2薄膜的合成及吸附DNA的性能

本文以高分子聚合物(F127)为模板, 以强疏水的1,3,5-三甲基苯为有机添加物, 通过旋转覆膜的方法制备出具有多级复合孔的二氧化钛晶体薄膜, 并采用TEM和SEM对样品结构进行了分析, 同时考察了这种薄膜对DNA分子的吸附性能.