亚稳态He(23S)、Ar(3P0.2)原子与C2H3分子传能反应

自由基CN、CH、H在燃烧化学、大气化学、天体发光、环境污染等方面占有极为重要的地位，对于这些自由基发光及形成动力学机理的探讨，无疑是重要的．近年来，人们利用亚稳态惰性原子与膨化物碰撞传能，探讨了CN（AB－＋X）的化学发光［‘一、发现亚稳态的Ar（‘几，。）原子与H     

CH3NO2与HE(23S)、Ne(3P0.2)的解离激发反应

利用分子束和化学发光技术，在单次碰撞条件下，首次研究了亚稳态原子He（23S）、Ne（3P0．2）与CH3NO2的解离激发反应，探测到反应的激发态产物（CH（A）、CH（B）、CH（C）的化学发光，在He（23S）／CH3NO2反应中同时探测到H（Balmer）的发射．利用He（23S）＋N2→N2＋（B）＋He＋e－作参考反应，测定了反应He（23S）／CH3NO2产生的CH的A－X，B－X，C－X以及H原子的发射速率常数．利用化学发光光谱的计算机模拟，求得了激发态产物CH（A）的初生态振动布居和转动温度．结合相空间理论对解离过程CH（A）的形成通道进行了讨论，认为CH（A）的形成是经由中间体CH3*的二体解离过程．     

活性氮与SO2和SOCl2的传能反应

在流动余辉装置上, 研究了活性氮与SO2和SOCl2之间的反应过程. 在280～500 nm, 观察到了SO2( A1A2,B1B1→X1A1 )和SO2(a3B1→X1A1)的发射光谱. 对比由Ar(3P0,2)与N2碰撞反应产生的纯N2(A3Σu+)与SO2、SOCl2之间反应的实验结果, 可以说明, N2(A3Σu+)在活性氮与SO2的反应中是主要的能量载体, 它与SO2的直接能量转移反应形成了激发态的SO2(A1A2, B1B1); 在活性氮与SOCl2的反应中观测到的激发态SO2(a3B1), 则可能主要是通过N(4S)与SOCl2反应生成的N2O(X1Σ+)和N2(A3Σu+)与SOCl2反应生成的SO(X3Σ－)之间的化学反应过程产生.     

He(23S1)、Ne(3P0,2)与NH3的传能动力学

在分子束条件下利用化学发光技术研究了亚稳态惰性气体原子He（23S1）和Ne（3P0，2）与NH3碰撞的解离激发反应．He（23S1）与NH3的反应中观察到NH（A－X，c－a，c－b），NH＋（B－X）和H*－Balmer发射．对NH（A－X，c－a）的谱图进行了拟合．分析NH（c－b）谱发现NH（c）倾向于生成具有f对称性的转动能级，NH3可能是经由一个NH2中间体分两步解离，这与121．6nm光解NH3时的倾向性正好相反．利用参比反应测得生成NH（A，c）的速度为k＝1．0×10－11cm3•s－1．He（23S1）与NH3生成的NH（A，v’＝1）的转动激发比v’＝0时要高，根据含角动量守恒的相空间理论，其生成过程可能具有较大的解离半碰撞参数．Ne（3P0，2）与NH3反应只有NH（A－X，c－a）发射，NH（A，c）的振转布居可由简单相空间理论三体解离模式解释．     

He(2^3S)与CH3I和CH3Br在流动余辉中传能的解离激发反应

本文利用流动余辉技术研究了亚稳态He(2^3S)与CH3I和CH3Br传能时分子的解离激发过程。实验中测定了产物的相对分布、CH(A, v'=0)的转动布居和主要碎片的形成速率常数。     

He(2^3S)与CH3I和CH3Br在流动余辉中传能的解离激发反应

本文利用流动余辉技术研究了亚稳态He(2^3S)与CH3I和CH3Br传能时分子的解离激发过程。实验中测定了产物的相对分布、CH(A, v'=0)的转动布居和主要碎片的形成速率常数。     

Ar (3P0,2 )与SO2反应产生SO (A″ 3Σ+)的光谱

On the flowing afterglow apparatus, in the energy transfer reaction between Ar (3P0,2) and SO2, two series of spectra were observed at two different downstream optical windows from the discharge region. According to the data obtained in this group’s report on the discharge of the mixture of Ar with SO2 and spectral simulation, the two spectrum progressions in the range of 320 and 600 nm were assigned to SO (A″3Σ+→X 3Σ-) and SO (c 1Σ-→X 3Σ-), respectively. The spectroscopic constants for the new electronic state were obtained by spectral simulation based on the method of the least square and shown as follows: T00 =(30460±18.0) cm-1, ωe′=(685±0.8) cm-1 and ωe′χe′=(7.7±8.0) cm-1.     

单次碰撞反应的Ba+o,m,p-C_6H_4Cl_2的实验研究及统计理论解释

本文利用激光诱导荧光(LIF)和分子束技术,在单次碰撞条件下,研究了反应Ba+o,m,p-C_6H_4Cl_2.实验得到了反应产物BaCl的LIF光谱和这些反应的相对反应截面。对LIF光谱进行计算机模拟,得到了产物BaCl的振动布居。文中利用“入口”和“出口”过渡态“松”和“紧”的概念,并假设“出口”过渡态的弯曲振动转化为产物转动后,剩余能量全部转化为产物BaCl的振动能,对反应Ba+o,m,p-C_6H_4Cl_2进行了解释。     

Ar(3P0,2)+NH3初生态产物NH2(A2A1)的内态分布

首次报告了在分子束条件下,研究Ar(3P0,2)+NH3碰撞解离反应·利用单光子计数方法进行测量,获得了部分转动分辨的初生态产物NH2(A2A1)→（X2B1）发射谱,并详细地进行了标识·发现主要为[HTSS]（0,v 2',0)→（0,0,0）跃迁（v'≤5,K'a≤6,J'≤10)。通过对部分分辨较好的光谱范围进行了模拟,得到反应生成的NH2(A2A1,v'=2,k'a =1)态绕b/c轴的转动温度为1050K,高于母体分子NH3的转动温度300K。由亚稳态碰撞传能电子交换机理认为这是由于碰撞对手Ar和母体NH3分离时反冲作用的结果。碰撞传能解离机理和光解过程不同,后者仅观察到轴的转动激发。     

激光光解NO_2产物——氧原子O(~3P_(J''''''''))的REMPI离子谱

由Nd:YAG激光器三倍频,输出波长为λ=355 nm(28 169 cm~(-1))的激光光解NO_2分子产生的氧原子,通过共振增强多光子电离(REMPI resonance enhanced multiphoto ionization)及飞行时间(TOF time of flight)质谱技术,获得了自旋-轨道精细能级分辨的氧原子O(2 p~3P_J~″=2,1,0)离子谱.氧离子信号强度与UV电离激光能量(λ≈226 nm)之间的关系能用三次方曲线很好拟合,它表明光解产物氧原子是通过(2+1)多光子吸收过程而被电离的.由离子信号得到的氧原子基态三个自旋-轨道支能级布居比f_1=I(~3P_1)/I(~3P_2)与fo=I(~3P_0)/I(~3P_2)分别为0.54±0.09和0.20±0.04,并且在不同的光解激光能量下其布居比保持不变.这一比值与统计分布计算的值为0.6和0.2一致(即统计分布~3P_2:~3P_1:~3P_0=1:0.6:0.2).这是由于样品(NO_2)在较低的压力下(1.33×10~(-4)Pa)和极短的光解-电离时间范围内(10~(-8)s),产物O(~3P_J~″)支能级间几乎不可能发生碰撞能量转移,因此,氧原子三个自旋-轨道角动量分裂能级布居O(~3P_J~″=2,1,0)是统计分布的.     

束-气条件下He(23S)与CH3Cl及CH3I的传能研究

在束-气条件下，通过检测产物的化学发光，研究了亚稳电子激发态He（23S）原子与CH3Cl、CH3I传能反应.采用参比反应的方法，测得了由上述反应产生的主要碎片CH（A2△）、CH（B2∑-）、CH（C2∑+）和H*形成速率常数．通过对测得的CH（A2△－X2∏r）和CH（B2∑-－X2∏r）色散谱进行计算机模拟，获得了初生态的CH（A2△，v＝0－2）和CH（B2∑-，v＝0态）的振动-转动布居，实验结果表明，CH（A2△，v＝0）态的转动布居是呈双Boltzman分布的，并且反应的可资用能大部分将转变成产物的平动能．根据实验结果和反应阈能的分析，本文对He（23S）与CH3Cl／CH3I传能反应机理进行了探讨。     

Reaction Dynamics of Mg(3s3p1P1) with H2

We measured the temperature dependence of rotational population distribution of the nascent product MgH(²∑⁺) in the reaction of Mg(3s3p¹P₁) with H₂. The results indicate that the reaction is dominated by an Mg-insertive mechanism, consistent with the isotope effect reported previously. We also presented the vibrational population distribution, and thereby found that two parallel reaction pathways are responsible for the subject reaction following Mg-H₂ collision in a bent configuration. The major one produces MgH in higher rotational levels and comparable v″ = 0 and v″ = 1 populations, while the other minor one produces MgH in low rotational levels and preferentially v″ = 0. By means of a two-dimensional potential energy sur-face(PES) calculation, a deep insight into the reaction pathways has been gained. The resulting PES's information reveals the possibility of a nonadiabatic transition between the excited ¹B₂ PES and the ground PES. The bent intermediate MgH₂ near the surface crossing starts trajectories either smoothly following the dissociation coordinate of Mg-H distance or attractively falling down through a linear HMgH geometry before breaking apart. The former trajectory accounts for the minor reaction pathway to produce MgH, while the latter one responses to the major reaction pathway. The impact of isotope and temperature effects on MgH can also be readily explained with use of the calculated PES's.     

CH3(2A′)自由基与臭氧反应机理的量子化学研究

用量子化学UMP2方法，在6-311++G**基组水平上研究了CH3(2A′)自由基与臭氧反应机理，全参数优化了反应过程中反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物的几何构型，在UQCISD(T)/6-311++G**水平上计算了它们的能量；并对它们进行了振动分析，以确定中间体和过渡态的真实性；同时应用经典过渡态理论计算了反应的速率常数，并与实验值进行了比较, CH3自由基与臭氧反应速率常数的理论计算结果为: 4.73×10－14 cm3•molecule－1•s－1，与实验报导的结果(k=2.52×10－14 cm3•molecule－1•s－1)很接近，同时发现CH3(2A′)自由基与O3的反应是强放热反应.     

Energy dependence of rotational and vibrational distributions of N2(C) for the Ar*(3P0,2) + N2(X) excitation transfer reaction

The Ar* + N₂(X) → N₂(C, v′, N′) + Ar excitation transfer reaction has been investigated experimentally in two different atomic beam experiments. The inelastic cross sections Q_{v′ = 0}(E) and Q_{v′ = 1}(E) to the v′ vibrational level have been measured in the energy range 0.06 ⩽ E(eV) ⩽ 6, using a crossed beam machine. Both cross sections show a behaviour typical for a curve crossing mechanism, with maximum values Q₀ = 8.0 Ų and Q₁ = 1.2 Ų at E = 0.16 eV and E = 0.13 eV, respectively. The oscillatory behaviour of the ratio Q₁(E)/Q₀(E), as first observed by Cutshall and Muschlitz, is also present in our data. Within the model of Gislason et al. the results indicate a decreasing bond stretching with increasing energy. As an alternative we discuss the possibility that the oscillation is due to a different energy dependence of the cross sections for the Ar*(³P₀) and Ar*(³P₂) fine structure states in the mixed beam of metastable Ar*. The vibrational and rotational distributions have also been measured at E = 0.065 eV in a small scale atomic beam-scattering cell experiment, which can be considered as an intermediate between a bulk experiment and a crossed beam experiment. The relative vibrational populations are n_v′ = 100, 16.0, 3.03 and 0.31 for v′ = 0 through 3, with rotational “temperatures” of T_rot,v′ = 1960, 1010, 370 and 130 K. Pronounced deviations (“hump”) of the Boltzmann rotational distributions occur at N′ ≈ 27 for v′ = 0, 1 and 2, with a fractional population of 1, 3 and 11%. For v′ = 0 the “hump” is largely obscured by overlap with the v′ = 1 bandhead. These bimodal distributions are in qualitative agreement with the results of Nguyen and Sadeghi for v′ = 0. The results are discussed within the framework of a curve crossing mechanism with the Ar⁺-N⁻₂ diabatic potential as an intermediate. By assuming equal charges on both N atoms the Coulomb potential of the collinear orientation lies lower (0.45 eV at R = 2.5 Å) than the perpendicular orientation, with the consequence of different transfer probabilities for both orientations. Within a classical model or rotational excitation the final N′ values can be calculated for both orientations, resulting in much higher N′ values for the perpendicular orientation. This mechanism supplies a qualitative explanation for the observed bimodal rotational distributions.     

多通道反应O(3P)＋CH2F的理论研究

用密度泛函理论研究了氧原子与氟代甲基自由基的反应.反应中出现的所有物种的平衡构型用B3LYP方法在6-311＋＋G（2d, 2p）基组水平上进行了优化，同时对各物种进行了频率分析；在同一理论水平上计算了各反应通道的势能面变化，分析了反应物、中间体、过渡态、产物的振动模式随反应途径的变化关系，阐明了该多通道反应的反应机理.