二氮双环阳离子游离基中N,N'-三电子键

用从头算HF/3-21+G^*优化了二氮双环[m,n,l]游离基阳离子(m,n,l≥2～5)。分子[4,4,4]和[2,2,2]^+.,[3,3,3]^+.,[4,4,4]^+.游离基阳离子的优势构型有D3对称性,而其它游离基阳离子的优势构型为非对称性。通过比较这些阳离子几何构型,HOMO和NHOMO(即NextHOMO和HOMO-1),和由MNDO计算确定的原子对作用能,表明当二氮双环游离基阳离子的桥链(CH2)n的n≥3时,桥头氮原子通过空间相互用用形成了一个弱的N,N'-三电子σ键。形成的三电子键强度不随环的扩大而增强。而三电子键强度被两个因素影响：一个是桥头氮原子间的p轨道重叠的取向;另一个是它们相应p轨道成分。     

二氮双环阳离子游离基中N,N＇-三电子键

用从头算HF/3-21+G*优化了二氮双环[m,n,l]游离基阳离子(m,n,l≥2～5).分子[4,4,4]和[2,2,2]+,[3,3,3]+,[4,4,4]+游离基阳离子的优势构型有D3对称性,而其它游离基阳离子的优势构型为非对称性.通过比较这些阳离子几何构型,HOMO和NHOMO(即Next HOMO和HOMO-1),和由MNDO计算确定的原子对作用能,表明当二氮双环游离基阳离子的桥链(CH2)n的n≥3时,桥头氮原子通过空间相互作用形成了一个弱的N,N＇-三电子σ-键.形成的三电子键强度不随环的扩大而增强.而三电子键强度被两个因素影响:一个是桥头氮原子间的p轨道重叠的取向;另一个是它们相应p轨道成分.     

带手性酰胺醇侧链的1，5－二氮环辛烷的合成

用手性α－氨基醇和氯乙酰氯作用得到的手性酰胺醇（2a－2f）和1，5－二氮 环辛烷反应，合成了带手性侧臂的1，5－二氮环辛烷衍生物N，N’-二[（S）／（ R）－N－（1－羟甲基羟基）－乙酰胺－2]－1，5－二氮环辛烷（1a－1f）。     

两种四乙酸四氮杂环烷化合物的合成

在氢氧化钾存在下，1，4，7，10-四氮杂环十二烷与溴乙酸进行N-羧甲基化反应，得到N，N′N″N-四乙酸1，4，7，10-四氛杂环十二烷（DOTA，I），经重结晶纯化，产率88．1％．在碳酸钾存在下，1，4，8，11-四氮杂环十四烷与溴乙酸卡酯进行反应，生成N－乙酸苄酯中间体．该中间体在室温和4．04×105Pa氢气压力下，用Pd／C地催化氢解脱苄基得到N，N′N″N-四乙酸1，4，8，11－四氮杂环十四烷（TETA，Ⅲ），产率56．0％。     

硼桥联三氮杂环卡宾配位的铁分子氮配合物:合成、表征和反应性质研究

研究了氮上取代基为1-金刚烷基的苯基硼桥联三氮杂环卡宾配体在铁促进的氮气活化转化反应中的应用.通过苯基硼桥联三氮杂环卡宾亚铁氯化物[PhB（AdIm）₃FeCl]（1）在氮气氛下与KC₈反应合成了一价铁分子氮配合物[PhB（AdIm）₃Fe（N₂）]（2）.进一步通过2与KC₈和18-C-6的反应合成了零价铁分子氮配合物[K（18-C-6）（THF）]-[PhB（AdIm）₃Fe（N₂）]（4）.这些配合物均通过核磁共振、紫外吸收光谱、红外光谱、元素分析等表征,其中配合物2和4的结构经单晶X射线衍射表征确定.配合物2和4的N-N伸缩振动频率分别为1928和1807 cm^－1,均为同价态铁末端分子氮配合物最低值.在过量KC₈和Me₃SiCl存在下,配合物1,2和4均可催化N₂的还原硅基化反应,生成N（SiMe₃）₃.催化体系的TON可达87.     

氮原子在Ni平坦和缺陷表面上的吸附和振动

 构造了氮－镍相互作用的5－参数Morse势，研究了氮原子在Ni（\r\n100），Ni（110）和Ni（111）平坦表面的吸附和振动，获得了氮原子\r\n在三个低指数表面的吸附位、吸附构型、结合能和本征振动等数据，计\r\n算结果与实验结果非常吻合．同时，与Ni（100）表面对比，系统研究\r\n了氮原子在Ni（510）台阶面的吸附和扩散．计算结果表明，氮原子在\r\n台阶下部形成最稳定的吸附态，台阶对下台面上扩散的氮原子形成捕获\r\n势，对上台面上扩散的氮原子形成反射势．     

苯基氮杂—15—冠—5对钼同多酸以及钨钼杂多酸阴离子的选择

合成了两种氮杂大环八聚多酸超分子配合物［Na（N-Ph）aza-15C5（Et2O）］2Na2MO8O26（Ⅰ）和［Na（N－Ph）aza－15C5（Et2O）］2Na2Wo25Mo7.75O26（Ⅱ），用元素分析、IR、1HNMR和H，H－COSY谱进行了表征，并用X射线测定了配合物（Ⅱ）的晶体结构．配合物（Ⅱ）属单斜晶系，空间群为P21/c，晶胞参数为：a=1.7644（4）nm，b=1．3702（3）nm，c=1．4507（3）nm，β=114．02（3）°，Z=2．该类晶体由大环金属销配位阳离子和二维阴离子网络［Na2WxMo8-xO26」2-组成，阴、阳离子分层堆积．研究了苯基氮杂-15-冠-5和与之键合的多酸阴离子的结构及相互关系．发现在苯基氮杂-15-冠-5分别与八错多酸和六聚钨错杂多酸反应所得的产物中，多酸阴离子的聚合度均为8．表明大环化合物的结构与阴离子的结构有一定的对应关系．     

一种新型含磷-溴-氮阻燃剂的合成

以三氯氧磷、季戊四醇、2 ,3-二溴丙醇及三聚氰胺等为原料合成了一种新型磷 -溴 -氮阻燃剂 0 - (2 ,4,6 -三氧杂 - 1-氧基磷杂双环 [2 .2 .2 ]辛烷 - 4-亚甲基 ) - 0 - 2 ,3- (二溴丙基 )磷酸三聚氰胺盐 (Ⅲ ) .改进了中间体 4-羟甲基 - 2 ,6 ,7-三氧杂 - 1-氧基磷杂双环 [2 .2 .2 ]辛烷 (Ⅰ )的合成条件 ,元素分析、红外光谱等确定了结构     

[Co(tp)2(Me3-en)]ClO4手性配位氮的翻转动力学研究

用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法测定了水溶液中碱催化下异构体－（差向立体异构体）：Δ（S）∧（R）和Δ（R）∧（S）－[Co(tp)2(Me3-en)]ClO4（tp:2-羟基－2,4,6－环庚三烯－1－酮负离子;Me3-en:N,N,N'-三甲基乙二胺）手性配位氮的翻转（差向立体异构体）速率常数kep(34.0 ℃）,研究结果发现,碱催化下手性配位氮的翻转作用具有二级反应动力学方程：v=kep[配合物][OH^-],[Co(tp)2(Me3-en)]ClO4的kep值比[Co(tp)2(Me3-en)]ClO4的kep值大一个数量级,Δ（R）∧（S）-异构体比Δ（S）∧（R）－异构体具有更大的手性配位氮翻转速率。     

双环戊二烯加氢异构化合成金刚烷

 采用固定床反应器考察了双环戊二烯连续催化加氢合成桥式四氢双环戊二烯反应性能,筛选出具有良好催化性能的23％Ni／γ－Al2O3催化剂．以桥式四氢双环戊二烯为原料,采用不同类型的沸石催化剂研究了金刚烷的合成,并考察了沸石骨架阳离子改性和表面负载过渡金属等对其催化性能的影响．在n（cat）／n（reactant）＝0．25,p（H2）＝1．1MPa,θ＝250℃,t＝3h的条件下,采用三元负载型催化剂0．8％Pt－0．2％Re－3％Co／ReUSY可得到收率为27．7％的金刚烷．     

Azulene-to-naphthalene rearrangement: the Car-Parrinello metadynamics method explores various reaction mechanisms.

We studied the thermal intramolecular and radical rearrangement of azulene to naphthalene by employing a novel metadynamics method based on Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics. We demonstrate that relatively short simulations can provide us with several possible reaction mechanisms for the rearrangement. We show that different choices of the collective coordinates can steer the reaction along different pathways, thus offering the possibility of choosing the most probable mechanism. We consider herein three intramolecular mechanisms and two radical pathways. We found the norcaradiene pathway to be the preferable intramolecular mechanism, whereas the spiran mechanism is the favored radical route. We obtained high activation energies for all the intramolecular pathways (81.5-98.6 kcal mol(-1)), whereas the radical routes have activation energies of 24-39 kcal mol(-1). The calculations have also resulted in elementary steps and intermediates not yet considered. A few attractive features of the metadynamics method in studying chemical reactions are pointed out.     

Experimental investigation of the molecular ions of the xylenes

A mass spectrometric method of distinguishing between molecular ions of the three isomeric xylenes (dimethylbenzenes) was sought, in light of recent findigs that photoexcited ions could be distinguished via measurements of kinetic energy release accompanying expulsion of a methyl radical. Provided the molecular ions are formed with low internal energies, reproducible differences were found between relative intensities of collision induced reactions of higher critical energies, than for methyl expulsion. These differences exist both for collision energies in the kilovolt range (double focusing mass spectrometers) and in the range of a few tens of volts (triple quadrupole instrument). Though statistically significant, these differences were small. The mechanism of isomerization and fragmentation was investigated via isotopic labelling studies and measurements of kinetic energy release. Most of the present findings can be rationalized in terms of the most recent version of established mechanisms for reactions of ionized methylbenzenes.     

多组态二级微扰理论计算CH3O2激发光谱以及CH3O2→CH3＋O2解离反应

在C_s对称性和aug-cc-pVTZ基组水平下, 采用全活化空间自洽场方法(CASSCF)研究了CH₃O₂自由基基态及其阴阳离子的12个低激发态. 为了进一步考虑动态电子相关效应, 采用二级多组态微扰理论(CASPT2)获得更加精确的能量值. 所有计算得到的电子态都是价电子态, 而且所得绝热激发能和电子亲和势与实验值非常接近.在CASPT2//CASSCF理论水平下计算了CH₃O₂从²A"和²A'电子态的CH₃O₂→CH₃＋O₂的解离反应的势能曲线(PECs). 优化得到的裂解产物的几何结构和能量与分别优化CH₃和O₂得到的结果进行比较, 从而确定裂解产物的电子态. 结果表明, 从²A"和²A'电子态的解离反应分别对应产物CH₃(²A")＋O₂(³A")和CH₃(²A")＋O₂(¹A").     

Computational investigation of the Jahn-Teller effect in the ground and excited electronic states of the tropyl radical. Part I. Theoretical calculation of spectroscopically observable parameters

Theoretical calculations are performed for the X2E"2 and A 2E"3 states of the cycloheptatrienyl (tropyl) radical C7H7. An important goal of these calculations is to predict and to guide the analysis of the experimentally observed A 2E"3-X 2E"2 electronic spectrum. Vibrational frequencies of the tropyl radical at the conical intersection and stationary points of its X and A state Jahn-Teller distorted potential energy surfaces are given. Spectroscopically obtainable parameters describing the Jahn-Teller effect are calculated for the X and A electronic states. Additionally, the stabilization energies for the X and A states are computed at the CASSCF(7,7) and EOMEA-CCSD levels of theory using various basis sets.     

Kinetic analysis of the mechanolysis of polymethylmethacrylate in the course of vibratory ball milling at various mechanical energy

We carried out the mechanolysis of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) at various mechanical energies and analyzed kinetically the mechanoradical concentration and molecular weight at various mechanical energies. The radical concentration gradually increased to a maximum and then gradually decreased after reaching the maximum value. It is suggested that the radical quenching reaction (disproportionation and/or recombination) progressed together with radical formation. Kinetic analysis of the mechanoradical concentration indicated that the actual amounts of mechanoradicals produced were larger than observed. It is also suggested that vast numbers of reactions take place in mechanolysis. The molecular weight decreased exponentially toward the limiting value, and the limiting molecular weight was larger with decreases in mechanical energy. It is also suggested that mechanoradical formation is inversely proportional to the change in molecular weight at any given mechanical energy. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 4161–4167, 2004     

Impact of the computational method on the geometric and electronic properties of oligo(phenylene vinylene) radical cations

We report on a quantum-chemical study of the electronic and optical properties of unsubstituted oligo(phenylene vinylene) (OPV) radical cations. Our goal is to distinguish the impact of the choice of molecular geometry from the impact of the choice of quantum-chemical method, on the calculated optical transition energies. The geometry modifications upon ionization of the OPV chains are found to depend critically on the theoretical formalism: Hartree-Fock (HF) geometry optimizations lead to self-localization of the charged defects while pure density functional theory (DFT) results in a complete delocalization of the geometric modifications over the whole conjugated backbone. The electronic structure and vertical transition energy associated with the lowest excited state of the radical cations have been calculated at the post-Hartree-Fock level within a configuration interaction (HF-CI) scheme and using the time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) formalism for different radical cation geometries. Interestingly, the changes in the calculated optical properties obtained when using different geometric structures are less important within a given method than the differences between methods for a given structure. The optical excitation is localized with HF-CI and delocalized with TD-DFT, almost irrespective of the molecular geometry; as a result, HF-CI excitation energies tend to saturate as the chain length increases, in contrast to the results from TD-DFT.     

Theoretical determination of standard oxidation and reduction potentials of chlorophyll-a in acetonitrile

QM/MM calculations were performed on ethyl chlorophyllide-a and its radical cation and anion, by using the density functional (DF) B3LYP method to determine the molecular characteristics, and a molecular mechanics (MM) method to simulate the solvating medium. The presence of the solvent was accounted for during the optimization of the geometry of the 85-atom chlorophyll-a system by using an ONIOM methodology. A total of 24 solvent molecules were explicitly considered during the optimization process, and these were treated by the universal force field (UFF) method. Initially, the split-valence 3-21G basis set was used for optimizing the geometry of the 85-atom species, neutral, cation and anion. Electronic energies were then determined for the optimized species by making use of the polarized 6-31G(d) basis set. The ionization energy calculated (6.0 eV) is in very good agreement with the observed one (6.1 eV). The MM+ force field was used to investigate the dynamics of the acetonitrile molecules around the neutral species as well as the radical ions of chlorophyll. The required atomic charges on all the atoms were obtained from calculations on all involved molecules at the DFT/6-31G(d) level. Randomly sampled configurations were used to determine the first solvation layer contribution to the free energy of solvation of various species. A truncated 46-atom model of ethyl chlorophyllide-a was used to evaluate the thermal energies of neutral chlorophyll molecule relative to its two radical ions in the gas phase. Born energy, Onsager energy, and the Debye-Huckel energy of the chlorophyll-solvent aggregate were added as perturbative corrections to the free energy of solvation that was initially obtained through molecular dynamics method for the same complex. These calculations yield the oxidation potential as 0.75 +/- 0.32 V and the reduction potential -1.18 +/- 0.31 V at 298.15 K. The calculated values are in good agreement with the experimental midpoint potentials of +0.76 and -1.04 V, respectively.     

Theoretical investigation of molecular properties of the first excited state of the phenoxyl radical

A theoretical study of molecular, electronic, and vibrational properties of the first excited state of the phenoxyl radical, A 2B2, is presented. The calculated molecular geometries, vertical and adiabatic excitation energies, and harmonic vibrational frequencies are compared with analogous results obtained for the ground state. The calculated excitation energies correspond well to experimental data. The harmonic vibrational frequencies of the A 2B2 and the ground state are similar except for modes involving the vibrations of the CO bond.