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乳化液膜法粗萘精制机理的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文采用水和表面活性剂组成的乳化液膜对粗萘精制机理进行了研究,通过考察表面活性剂类型浓度以及内外相比例对液膜选择性和渗透速率的影响,建立了粗萘在液膜精制中的热力学模型。实验结果表明,粗萘中硫茚,甲基萘在液膜中具有较大的分离系数;表面活性剂类型是影响液膜选择性的主要因素;表面活性剂浓度和内外相比例则影响液膜的渗透能力。 相似文献
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乳化液膜法处理含铅废水的工艺及稳定性 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
采用乳化液膜对含铅Pb2 +废水进行了处理。分别考察了膜相组成、载体浓度、表面活性剂浓度、内相组成等因素对铅提取率的影响 ,从而得到了较为适宜的工艺条件。在此工艺条件下 ,可以使得外相料液中的铅离子浓度降低 99%以上。同时对影响液膜稳定性的各种因素进行了研究 ,可望通过工艺条件的优化 ,将膜破裂等降低到最低程度。 相似文献
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乳状液膜分离技术具有快速高效、选择性强、富集比大等优点[1-4],但该技术目前大多还处在实验阶段,要实现工业化则必须解决液膜稳定性、有毒试剂的使用及二次污染等问题.表面活性剂对于乳状液膜的形成和稳定至关重要[5-7],而在液膜体系中采用复合表面活性剂,能改善液膜性能,提高膜稳定性及传质效率[8].本文研究了铜(Ⅱ)在span80-SDS-NH3液膜体系中的迁移行为.体系中无流动载体,利用内、外相中被分离物的浓度梯度促进物质迁移.当Cu2+进入内相时,与NH3产生络合反应,使内相中游离的铜离子浓度趋于零而促使其由外相进入内相,实现Cu2+与外相溶液的分离. 相似文献
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乳状液膜处理含铬废水的研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
本文对乳状液膜从含铬(VI)废液中提取铬进行了研究,考察了影响铬迁移的几种因素;内外水相pH、表面活性剂、流动载体、添加剂等。结果表明,在合适的操作条件下,当废水中铬的含量在4.8×10^-3mol·L^-1时,经过一级液膜处理,废水中铬的提取率可达99%以上,提余液可以直接排放。 相似文献
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适用于液膜分离的磺化液体聚丁二烯型聚合物表面活性剂 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
液膜技术作为一种高效、快速的分离工艺已应用于工业废水处理,分离和浓缩金属离子和某些有机化合物,它的成功应用有赖于性能优良的表面活性剂的研究和开发。聚合物表面活性剂可增加液膜的强度,可提高所得乳液的稳定性,受到 相似文献
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研究了液膜体系对水相中痕量镍离子的富集方法,镍离子从外相水溶液被膜相载体通过液膜运进含有反萃取剂的内相,从而达到富集效果,液膜富集一次回收率达98%,二闪富集倍数250倍,试验了载体,表面活性剂,液体石蜡,膜与内相水的水/油比,乳化液与外相水的乳/水比,内相酸度,外相PH值,富集时间的破乳剂用量等因素的影响,利用正交分析试验选出了最佳试验条件,并比较在相同条件下液膜法与萃取法提取镍的效果,通过液膜富集,使原子吸收法测定痕量镍达到了10^-9级。 相似文献
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Cui Feng-Jee Tang Bao-Long Xu Ming-Xia Qi Qing-Jin Zhu Lan-Ying 《Journal of membrane science》1985,23(2):137-154
A novel two-component liquid membrane system in which one of the components, polyethylene glycol, acts as both carrier and surfactant, is described. The composition and the stability of the two-component liquid membrane system are discussed in terms of surfactant concentration, base concentration in the internal phase, acidity of the external phase, the concentration of the counter-anion SCN? in the cation extraction, etc. The extraction efficiency and the permeation mechanism of the system are compared with that of conventional three-component liquid membranes. Obviously, the nature of the system is quite different from three-component liquid membranes and conventional solvent extraction, although the system of solvent extraction also contains two components. 相似文献
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Smita Gupta 《Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology》2013,34(12):1733-1741
Emulsion liquid membranes (ELM) have received significant attention in the separation of various metal ions from industrial wastewater. Still efforts are needed to get the desired level of stability to overcome the hindrance in the application of ELM at industrial scale. In this paper, the effects of various parameters such as emulsification speed, concentration of cosurfactant, surfactant, carrier and impeller speed during extraction on the stability of an emulsion liquid membrane are studied. Dispersion destabilization of w/o emulsion is checked by Turbiscan. Drop size distribution and photomicrographs of the emulsions are also analyzed to evaluate stability of the emulsion. Instability of emulsion liquid membrane during extraction process is measured in terms of membrane breakage. A stable emulsion is used for the extraction of mercury from aqueous solution in small scale as well as in large scale. 相似文献
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It has been discovered that the size of internal droplets in primary emulsion determines emulsion dispersion and stability in emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) process for removal of lignin from pulping wastewater. Generally, primary emulsion contains kerosene, Aliquat 336, sodium bicarbonate, as well as Span 80 as diluent, carrier, internal phase, and surfactant, respectively. Hence, this study had looked into the parameters, including concentration of surfactant, carrier, and stripping agent; emulsification speed and time; as well as agitation speed and time. As a result, the diameter of the smallest droplets (1.4 µm) was formed with maximum lignin extraction (95%), minimum swelling (5%) at 3% (w/v) surfactant concentration, 12,000 rpm of emulsification within 5 minutes, 0.01 M of Aliquat 336, 0.1 M of NaHCO3, and 250 rpm of extraction within 10 minutes. 相似文献
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Murugan Perumal Nihal Thazhathuveettil Vengara 《Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology》2019,40(7):1046-1055
Pickering emulsion is the replacement of surfactants with solid, often nano-sized particles. The particle-stabilized emulsions have good thermodynamic and kinetic stability. Pickering emulsion liquid membrane (PELM) was prepared using mahua oil as a diluent, aliquat 336 (Trioctyl methylammonium chloride) as a carrier and amphiphilic silica nanowires (ASNWs) (10–40?ml ethanol addition) as a surfactant. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was used as stripping phase in the concentration range from 0.1 to 0.5?M for the extraction of hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] from aqueous solution. The variety of edible and non-edible oils was investigated for the stability of water in oil emulsion. Factors that influence silica-stabilized Pickering emulsions are pH, agitation speed, stripping phase concentration, the volume ratio of membrane to stripping phase (M/S), initial feed concentration, treat ratio(feed to emulsion volume ratio) and surfactant concentration for better PELM stability. And also, the extraction efficiency of Cr (VI) was investigated using aliquat as a carrier. The physicochemical properties of ASNWs were studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transforms Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) techniques. At an optimum condition, 99.69% of Cr (VI) removal from aqueous solution was obtained. 相似文献
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《Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry》1978,40(7):1415-1421
Liquid surfactant membrane separation of cupric cations from acidic aqueous solution with the liquid ion exchanger di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid: D2EHPA was studied. The effects on the process of the emulsifier concentration, Span 80, over the range from 0.4 to 1.5% (vol.), of the stirring from 300 to 470 rpm, of the membrane viscosity (polybutadiene addition) from 2.0 cP to 4.3 cP, of the KNO3 concentration in the external solution from 0.0 to 1.8 M, of the pH of that solution from 1.5 to 4.5 and of the initial copper concentration over the range from 0.01 g/1 to 7.5 g/l have been determined. Results are discussed in terms of membrane stability and thickness. A model for copper separation by liquid surfactant membrane is presented based on the multiple diffusion of ion-exchanger molecule between membrane interfaces. The effectiveness of liquid D2EHPA membranes for copper recovery from acidic aqueous solution is demonstrated with better utilization of D2EHPA over a corresponding liquid extraction process. 相似文献