电流变液在平行平板剪切下的动态响应

建立了用于测试电流变液在两平行平板间剪切时对外加高压阶跃电场的剪切应力响应的实验测试系统.此系统对剪切应力变化的时间分辨率可以达到10 μs量级.利用此系统对基于沸石和硅油的电流变液的极化和退极化过程,电流变液在不同外加电场强度和不同剪切速率条件下的剪切应力上升和撤去电场时剪切应力的下降过程进行了研究.研究发现电流变液的剪切速率越高,其响应时间越短,随着外加电场的升高,响应时间略有增加.此实验结果与其他现有相关研究结果比较吻合.     

介电失配度对沸石电流变液界面极化的影响

利用介电谱方法研究了NaA沸石/硅油和NaA沸石/煤油两种电流变液的介电行为, 测量发现两体系在10⁵ Hz处均出现明显的弛豫现象. 采用单弛豫Cole-Cole函数拟合各体系的介电参数, 结果表明在相同体积分数条件下硅油体系具有较大的介电增量(?ε), 且两体系的介电增量与体积分数(φ)均服从?ε＝4ε_mφ的函数关系. 通过计算和分析粒子与介质间介电失配程度, 阐明了油介质的介电常数(ε_m)对于沸石电流变液界面极化强度的贡献. 此外研究了吸附水对沸石电流变液界面极化的影响, 结果发现水的吸附对于体系的?ε值没有影响, 但明显降低了弛豫时间, 证明吸附水对沸石电流变液的界面极化率具有增强作用.     

高活性聚苯胺电流变液的制备与性能研究

高活性聚苯胺电流变液的制备与性能研究官建国，谢洪泉，过俊石（华中理工大学化学系，武汉，４３００７４）关键词电流变液，聚苯胺，反掺杂，电荷迁移极化电流变液（ＥＲＦ）是重要的人工智能材料和高效机电一体化的功能液体［１］．目前，研究ＥＲＦ技术的关键是提高Ｅ...     

小晶粒丝光沸石合成的研究

丝光沸石早在20世纪40年代就由Barfer首次合成出来，由于丝光沸石具有高的硅铝比，因而有优良的耐热、耐酸性能，工业上广泛用作气体或液体混合物分离的吸附剂及石油化工与精细化工催化剂．相对于常规粒度分子筛，小晶粒分子筛具有独特的结构特性，如：更大的外表面积、更多的外表面活性中心和暴露在外的晶胞、短而规整的孔道，从而决定了其具有更大的转化大分子能力，及在其上合成后改性技术更易实现．这些特性使得小晶粒分子筛用于催化裂化、加氢裂化、链烷烃的加氢异构化等炼油工业过程中．因此，如何合成粒径更小以至成为纳米级的丝光沸石近年来引起了人们极大的兴趣，成为催化领域目前受重视的研究课题．     

聚2,3—二硫代吩噻嗪的电流变性质研究

聚２，３－二硫代吩噻嗪的电流变性质研究肖深初（湖南化工研究院长沙４１０００７）林源斌申东升王安民朱礼仁（湘潭大学化学系湘潭４１１１０５）关键词电流变流体电流变性质有机半导体中图分类号Ｏ６３１．２１电流变学（Ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｒｈｅｏｌｏｇｙ）是研究在电场...     

ZSM-5沸石骨架铝迁移规律的研究 Ⅱ.不同价态金属阳离子对ZSM-5沸石骨架铝迁移的影响

用XRD,MASNMR,IR及NH_3-TPD等技术考察了不同价态金属阳离子引入ZSM-5沸石阳离子位对水热条件下骨架铝迁移的阻抑作用以及表面酸性的变化。实验证明,ZSM-5沸石中部分H~+被金属阳离子M(M=Na~+,Ca~(2+)或La~(3+)取代后,在≥400℃水热条件下骨架铝仍有迁脱现象,致使表面总酸中心减少,其中强酸中心减少较多,和相同水热处理条件下HZSM-5沸石的变化规律一致,但MZSM-5较HZSM-5保留有较多的骨架铝及酸中心,且骨架铝的迁脱量和酸中心的减少有很好的平行关系,说明1、2或3价金属阳离子进入ZSM-5沸石阳离子位都具有阻抑骨架铝迁移的作用。等当量交换的MZSM-5沸石阻抑骨架铝迁移的能力为La~(3+)>Ca~(2+)>Na~+(>H~+)。     

稀土掺杂PMMA包裹硅铝氧烷凝胶的ER效应

以二氧化硅微粒制备电流变液是研究者使用较多的一种方法[1] ,但由于二氧化硅的密度相对于分散相硅油来说太大 ,所以制成的电流变液稳定性较差。而用导电高分子微粒制成的电流变液则有在高电场时漏电流密度较大的问题[2 ] 。有研究者用直接聚合法在二氧化硅纳米微粒外包裹一层有机共聚物 ,生成一种微囊复合颗粒 ,可以使其相对密度减小 ,提高了电流变液的稳定性[3] 。我们以廉价水玻璃为原料制取硅铝氧烷溶胶 ,在其表面包裹聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 (ＰＭＭＡ)后 ,得到ＰＭＭＡ包裹的硅铝氧烷凝胶具有相当的稳定性和易极化性 ,易形成较稳定的悬浮液 …     

小晶粒β沸石表观聚结作用及机理研究

采用聚沉剂对小晶粒β沸石胶体体系的表观聚结作用及其机理进行了研究。通过分析小晶粒β沸石在过滤体系中的存在状态，得到强碱性的胶态体系中小晶粒β沸石的胶团结构，并分析了反离子挤压Stern双电层时Zeta电势的变化，解释了小晶粒β沸石聚沉作用发生的原因。通过实验发现，当聚沉剂NS/小晶粒β沸石大于或等于30％（质量比）时，即发生常温聚沉，能大大提高过滤效率。聚沉后β沸石样品的相对结晶度有少许下降，同时能大幅度地降低样品的Na2O含量。经轻油微反评价其活性，说明聚沉后的β沸石仍是优良的烃类流化催化裂化（FCC）催化剂的活性添加组分。     

交换沸石催化剂上乙烯聚合反应的研究III.NiX沸石催化剂上乙烯双聚反应中阳离子的迁移运动

借助于高分辨固体核磁共振技术详细考察了在各种处理条件下NiNaX沸石中阳离子的位置及迁移情况。结果表明,NiNaX沸石在高温焙烧处理、抽空处理以及在反应条件下将其曝露于乙烯时存在着阳离子在沸石笼之间的迁移运动,并且这种迁移在不同条件下是可逆的。揭示了乙烯二聚反应存在诱导期的一个重要原因是镍离子从六方柱笼或β笼向超笼迁移。     

石墨烯/聚合物纳米复合电流变材料

电流变智能流体在外电场刺激下能快速可逆地改变自身流变性能,具有重要技术应用价值.传统的基于微米颗粒的电流变流体易于沉降并且电致屈服强度不高限制了技术应用,最近基于纳米颗粒的非传统电流变材料研究受到重视,特别是具有各向异性形貌的纳米颗粒悬浮液被发现具有明显增强的电/磁流变效应.本文介绍了最近基于石墨烯的二维纳米复合电流变材料的研究进展,主要包括石墨烯/半导聚合物、石墨烯/极性聚合物、石墨烯/碳等几种典型的电流变材料的制备、结构和电流变行为.研究表明利用石墨烯独特的二维纳米结构、优异的电学和热学性质可能为制备新颖的高性能纳米电流变材料提供途径。     

Fast and facile fabrication of a graphene oxide/titania nanocomposite and its electro-responsive characteristics

A graphene oxide/titania (GO/TiO(2)) nanocomposite was fabricated by a facile electrostatic attraction method. With high polarization of GO particles and a relatively high dielectric constant of TiO(2) nanoparticles, the GO/TiO(2) nanocomposite is observed to be a potential electro-responsive electrorheological material under an applied electric field.     

PHOTOPHYSICAL PROBES FOR MONITORING THE ELECTRIC FIELD/MICROPOLARITY WITHIN THE FAUJASITE SUPERCAGE*

The micropolariry of the supercages of zeolites is a reflection of the electric field provided by the cations present within them. The notion of polarity within the cages of X and Y zeolite does not have precisely the same meaning as in solution. In this study, pyrene, pyrenealdehyde, and para-dimethylaminobenzonitrile have been used as photophysical probes to monitor the polarity of the zeolite interior. With pyrenealdehyde and para-dimethylaminobenzonitrile the supercage wherein the probe is expected to reside is more polar or possesses a higher electric field when the cation is Li or Na. The polarity/electric field of the supercage decreases with cation size (Li > Na > K > Rb > Cs) and the supercage is more polar in the case of X zeolites than in Y zeolites. The results with pyrene are generally consistent with those with the other two probes. However, pyrene is unable to sense the difference between Li. Na and other cations.     

Core/shell nanocomposite based on the local polarization and its electrorheological behavior

Aimed at the increase of electrorheological effect, a novel core/shell material was prepared by the combination of mechanochemical activity and sol-gel technique. The structure analyses X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectrometry showed that a modified kaolinite/titanium oxide nanocomposite consisted of the mechanochemically activated kaolinite/NaCl complex coated by titanium oxide. A distinct enhancement of the electrorheological activity was found by using such particles dispersed in silicone oil than those of kaolinite or titanium oxide alone under a direct current electric field. Modified kaolinite/titanium oxide electrorheological fluid has a larger dielectric constant enhancement deltaepsilon', and a strong interfacial polarization occurs with a clear dielectric loss peak around 2 kHz. Doping NaCl into the core (kaolinite) by the mechanochemical activation and limiting the transferring of the ions by the shell (titanium oxide) may increase the interfacial polarizability of particles and induce a high electrorheological effect.     

正电子湮没与沸石内静电场

本文测定了不同类型沸石的正电子寿命谱。发现o-Ps的湮没寿命, 与沸石静电场之间有良好的对应关系, 静电场愈强, 湮没寿命愈短。根据正电子寿命谱结果。含不同阳离子的Y沸石的静电场强弱次序为KY相似文献   

New analysis of yield stress on giant electrorheological fluids

A new universal yield stress scaling equation is proposed to accurately model experimental data for giant electrorheological (GER) fluids. This new equation expressed in modified Bessel function predicts both regions of polarization effect predominant in the low electric field strength applied and polar molecule-dominating GER behavior, as well as collapses the experimental data of yield stress in a single line for a broad range of electric field strengths.     

High-pressure and -temperature ion exchange of aluminosilicate and gallosilicate natrolite

The simultaneous application of high pressure and high temperature has been used to achieve direct ion exchange of large cesium cations for the small sodium cations found in the zeolite natrolite by putting it into a superhydrated state with increased pore size. The larger cations remain trapped upon pressure release, and thus, this method is a means of producing new cationic forms of zeolites.     

Electrorheological Effects in Lecithin Organogels with Water and Glycerol

The effect of an external electric field on ternary mixtures consisting of lecithin, n-decane, and small amounts of polar additives (water or glycerol) has been studied by oscillating rheology, polarizing microscopy, and electric birefringence. It is shown that an electric field that is applied induces a so-called electrorheological (ER) effect, i.e., an increase in the viscosity and dynamic shear moduli of all the examined mixtures. The ER effect is absent in solutions of nonoverlapping micelles. The electric field causes the formation of fiber-like structures in the interelectrode gap. The ER effect becomes evident at a critical field of about 40 and 100 V/mm for water- and glycerol-containing organogels, respectively. In the latter case, a region of the reproducible and stable ER effect is extended up to 1700 V/mm, which is 3-4 times greater than that observed in the jelly-like phases with water. The buildup, as followed from birefringent measurements, includes fast and slow processes. Those correspond to both the local motions of parts of micellar chains and the restructuring of the whole network under the action of an external electric field. The ER response depends on the molar ratio of the polar additives to lecithin. Diagrams describing the behavior of ternary mixtures under the electric field have been constructed. They differ for water- and glycerol-containing organogels. The dependence of the stable ER effects on the molar ratio of glycerol to lecithin has a maximum in the vicinity of the phase separation of the homogeneous organogel, whereas for water-containing systems there is a gradual increase up to and including mixtures with the solid precipitate. A new rheological regime has been first established for solutions of polymer-like micelles. This feature is the square-root scaling of the dynamic moduli with the frequency. Such a scaling is inherent in polymers. A possible mechanism is considered, basing on the ordering of cylindrical micelles under the action of an external electric field. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.     

Measurement of the rotational viscosity of ferroelectric liquid crystals based on a simple dynamical model

Rotational viscosity and spontaneous polarization are the most important properties of a ferroelectric liquid crystal with regard to its switching time in surface stabilized or a.c. field stabilized displays. Whereas there is an abundant literature about spontaneous polarization, only a few attempts have been made to determine the rotational viscosity. We set up a model for the electric response of a ferroelectric liquid crystal cell on application of an electric field. For the application of a triangular wave voltage we derive a relation between the rotational viscosity, the spontaneous polarization, the tilt angle, the maximum induced polarization current and the electric field strength. Experiments are carried out on several ferroelectric liquid crystals and the derived relation was used to determine the rotational viscosity. The relation between the rotational viscosity and the polarization on the one hand and the optical switching time on the other hand is discussed in some detail.     

Influence of an electric field on the non-Newtonian response of a hybrid-aligned nematic cell under shear flow

The authors study shear flow in hybrid-aligned nematic cells under the action of an applied electric field by solving numerically a hydrodynamic model. The authors apply this model to a flow-aligning nematic liquid crystal (4'-n-pentyl-4-cyanobiphenyl) and obtain the director's configuration and the velocity profile at the stationary state. The authors calculate the local and apparent viscosities of the system and found that the competition between the shear flow and the electric field gives rise to an interesting non-Newtonian response with regions of shear thickening and thinning. The results also show an important electrorheological effect ranging from a value a bit larger than the Miesowicz viscosity etab [Nature (London) 17, 261 (1935)] for small electric fields and large shear flows to etac for large electric fields and small shear flows. The analysis of the first normal stress difference shows that for small negative shear rates, the force between the plates of the cell is attractive, while it is repulsive for all other values of shear rates. However, under the application of the electric field, one can modify the extent of the region of attraction. Finally, the authors have calculated the dragging forces on the plates of the cell and found that it is easier to shear in one direction than in the other.     

电流变液中悬浮颗粒的体积与形状的变化

基于偶极近似,运用电极化方法,定量研究了电流变液中悬浮颗粒在外电场作用下其体积和形状的变化,并计算了其体积和形状的相对变化率.研究结果表明:悬浮颗粒的体积和形状的相对变化率均与电场强度的平方成正比,并与ER本身的性质有关.一般情况下,颗粒的体积和形状的相对变化率分别为8.4%和12.5%,对总体积变化率的贡献为1.68%.这种变化对于ER系统的电涨和电热都作出了贡献,仅当将颗粒当作刚性球时,其自由能才与电场强度的平方成正比.