电子型超导体Ln2—xCexCuO4—y的正交相与电子输运结构模型

高温真空X射线衍射实验发现,Sm_(1.85)Ce_(0.15)CuO_(4-y)在715℃时发生T′相向正交相的转变。超导电性测试表明,这个由高温真空退火保存的正交相是一个稍微偏离T′四方结构的超导相(T_(ce)≈10K,a=0.396(1)、b=0.395(0)、c=1.201(4)am)。XPS分析表明,样品中存在Cu~+、Cu~(2+)混合价态。高温真空处理与还原气氛处理一样,可以引进氧离子缺位,适量的氧离子缺位不论对电子型还是对空穴型高T_c超导氧化物都起着十分重要的作用。具体讨论了氧离子缺位在电子型超导体中的作用。提出了一种唯象超导结构模型,解释了一些有关的实验现象。     

电子型超导体(Ln1.85Ce0.15)CuO4-y的结构和超导性

自La-Ba(Sr)-Cu-O高温超导体发现以来,已经得到了许多含铜的氧化物超导体,这些超导体中都含有一个Cu以八面体或四方锥配位的CuO_2平面,载流子是空穴。1989年初日本Tokura等人首先发现了电子型超导体(Ln_(1.85)Ce_(0.15))CuO_(4-y),Ln=Pr,Nd,Sm。相继报导了这一系列的其他几个超导体:(Pr_(1.85)Th_(0.15))CuO_(4-y)和(Eu_(1.85)Ce_(0.15))CuO_(4-y)(Nd_(1.85)Th_(0.15))CuO_(4-y),Nd_2CuO_(4-y)Fy。这类超导体的Tc都在20K左右,载流子是电子,CuO_2面内的Cu为四方形配位。将这一类超导体的结构称为T′相结构,相应地称K_2NiF_4型的La_(2-x)Sr_xCuO_4的结构为T相结构。两种晶体结构示于图1。两年多来,寻找更高T_c的电子型超导体是超导界所关心的问题之一,具     

铝酸钠和含硅铝酸钠溶液结构和性质的研究

本文通过对铝酸钠和硅铝酸钠溶液的红外光谱、拉曼光谱、粘度、表面张力、丁达尔现象和聚沉等光谱和物理化学性质的研究测定,分析了硅在铝酸钠溶液中的行为.认为硅主要是取代Al-O-Al结构中的Al,形成Al-O-Si结构和Al-O-Si-O-Al-O结构等多种形式硅氧铝键以及由氢键相连的大分子结构.这种结构直接影响其物理化学性质,表现为随硅含量增加表面张力增加,粘度上升,具有丁达尔现象等.说明含硅铝酸钠溶液中存在大分子的胶性基团,属于无机高分子溶液,这种网络状"大分子"结构是硅铝酸钠溶液稳定的原因.     

纳米多级结构枣核型多孔氧化亚铜的合成及拉曼性质

通过简单温和的水相还原反应, 在表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)的协同下合成了亚微米级枣核型多孔氧化亚铜纳米多级结构. 通过改变盐酸的加入量可以实现纳米粒子尺寸在300-900 nm范围可调. X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)分析表明, 亚微米粒子由小于10 nm的晶粒构成. 基于实验结果, 我们提出生长-刻蚀竞争生长模型来解释枣核型空心多孔结构的形成机制, 同时说明了尺寸调节机理. 利用激光拉曼光谱仪研究了样品的光学性质, 与相似尺寸的亚微米实心多面体的拉曼响应信号对比发现, 枣核型空心多孔结构的拉曼光谱表现出新颖的特性. 这些结果补充了氧化亚铜的拉曼光谱样本, 对文物表面颜料的无损拉曼检测具有一定的指导意义.     

关于Bi系高T_c超导体的阳离子掺杂研究（Ⅰ）──Al－Pb，Mg－Pb和Mn－Pb二元掺杂后超导体的超导电性和结构

讨论了Ａｌ－Ｐｂ,Ｍｇ－Ｐｂ和Ｍｎ－Ｐｂ等二元阳离子掺杂对Ｂｉ系高Ｔ_ｃ超导相出现时间的影响。试验中发现,前人较少讨论的Ｍｇ~（３＋）或Ａｌ~（３＋）离子在高Ｔ_ｃ相形成时,进入到高Ｔ_ｃ超导体晶格的特定位置,它们在高Ｔ_ｃ超导相中起着各自不同的作用机制,从而影响了高Ｔ_ｃ超导相的结构和超导电性。结果表明,Ｍｇ－Ｐｂ,Ａｌ－Ｐｂ和Ｍｎ－Ｐｂ等二元阳离子的掺杂是加快高Ｔ_ｃ超导相形成和提高Ｂｉ系高Ｔ_ｃ超导相超导电性的有效途径,它们的掺杂有利于Ｂｉ系高Ｔ_ｃ相的形成。     

Sm_2O_3－CeO_2－CUO三元系固线下相关系及电子型超导体Sm_（2－x

用Ｘ射线衍射法测定了Ｓｍ２Ｏ３－ＣｅＯ２－ＣｕＯ三元系固线下相关系，样品是在空气气氛１０００℃烧结的。该体系含有一个三元固溶体Ｓｍ２－ｘＣｅｘＣｕＯ４－ｙ，２个三相共存区和３个两相共存区，测定了Ｓｍ２－ｘ·ＣｅｘＣｕＯ４－ｙ固溶体的固溶限（ｘ＝０．２０），氧含量和超导电性，讨论了晶体结构和氧含量对超导电性的影响。     

Nd_nSrFe_nO_(3n+1)(n=1,2,3,∞)的合成、结构、电性质和磁性研究

合成了NdnSrFenO3n+1(n=1,2 ,3,∞ ) 系列复合氧化物 ,其中Nd3SrFe3O10 是首次合成 ,并研究了其晶体结构 ,IR谱以及 30 0～ 110 0K之间的电性质和磁性质。相对于NdSrFeO4 ,Nd2 SrFe2 O7中ab平面上的Fe O键较短而c轴方向的Fe O键较长 ;而NdFeO3中只有一种Fe O键 ,在 30 0～110 0K之间 ,NdSrFeO4 ,显反铁磁性行为 ,Nd2 SrFe2 O7表现为亚铁磁性 ,而Nd3SrFe3O10 和NdFeO3为顺磁性。随着n值的增大 ,该系列氧化物电阻率增大 ,这可能是系统四价Fe离子浓度减小的结果。     

三维有序金纳米壳结构的可控制备及其SERS性能

采用金种子原位生长法,以SiO_2胶体晶体为模板,H_2O_2为还原剂实现了三维有序金纳米壳(GNSs)结构的可控制备,并对其生长过程中表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)性能进行了研究。实验结果表明,通过控制反应时间、反应温度、还原剂H_2O_2及生长液K_2CO_3-HAuCl_4的量等参数实现了三维有序GNSs阵列的可控批量制备,并可根据需要去除SiO_2内核得到中空有序GNSs结构。通过对其SERS性能的研究,发现SiO_2表面完全被Au纳米粒子覆盖的粗糙结构具有最佳的SERS性能,且对应的中空有序GNSs结构显示出更优异的SERS活性。     

YCO分子结构和光谱性质的理论研究

在相对论有效原子实势(RECP)近似下,用密度泛函(B3LYP／SDD) 方法,计算了YCO分子各种几何构型的结构性质．结果表明:YCO分子的基态 构型为Cs构型,基电子态为2A″,基态离解能和零点振动能分别为16．126 7 eV 和14．780 2 kJ／mol;研究得到YCO分子基态谐振频率为v1(A′)=1 968．699 7 cm-1,v2(A′)=215．119 3 cm-1,v3(A′)=287．245 4 cm-1;力常数为f11= 4．475 3×10-16 J／nm2,f12=1．620 3×10-17 J／nm2,f22=2．887 6×10-17 J／nm2,faa=1．459 6×10-19 J／rad2;基态YCO分子的能隙(HLG)较小,化学活 性较强．     

利用红外光谱和拉曼光谱研究离子液体结构与相互作用的进展

热力学实验、理论计算以及计算机模拟是离子液体微观结构与相互作用研究中常用的三种手段,但是目前采用这些手段对离子液体结构的认识尚处于初步探索阶段,还没有完全找到离子液体性质随结构变化的规律,尚未完全能够对离子液体进行\"设计\",这也使得对离子液体的进一步开发和应用受到极大的限制.近年来,谱学方法成为研究溶液结构的重要手段.其中,红外光谱(IR)和拉曼光谱(Raman)等谱学手段在离子液体的结构与相互作用研究中发挥着越来越重要的作用.本文着重概述了红外光谱和拉曼光谱在纯离子液体及离子液体混合溶液结构与相互作用方面的研究进展、挑战以及发展方向.     

Magnetic properties of ternary sodium oxides NaLnO2 (Ln=rare earths)

Magnetic properties of ternary sodium oxides NaLnO₂ (Ln=rare earths) are investigated. Their crystal structures are grouped into three types of structures, which are α-LiFeO₂, β-LiFeO₂, and α-NaFeO₂, depending on the size of rare earths. Their magnetic susceptibilities and specific heats have been measured from 1.8 to 300 K. Among them, NaGdO₂, NaDyO₂, and NaHoO₂ show antiferromagnetic transitions at 2.4, 2.2, and 2.4 K, respectively, and NaNdO₂ transforms to the ferromagnetic state below 2.4 K. NaSmO₂, NaErO₂, and NaYbO₂ exhibit a magnetic anomaly below 1.8 K.     

不同烧结温度对PMN基铁电陶瓷B位有序度的影响

本文研究了不同烧结温度下,CuO添加对0.94PMN-0.06PT(PMN-6PT)弛豫铁电陶瓷B位化学有序度的影响。拉曼和XRD分析结果表明,不同的烧结温度下,离子取代不同,对B位有序度的影响不同。烧结温度在950℃时,主要是Cu2+进入晶格,不影响B位化学有序度;烧结温度在1 080℃时,主要是Cu1+进入晶格,B位化学有序度改变。介温测试所表现出来的弛豫特性与拉曼分析有序度的结果相一致。     

不同烧结温度对PMN基铁电陶瓷B位有序度的影响

本文研究了不同烧结温度下, CuO添加对0.94PMN-0.06PT(PMN-6PT)弛豫铁电陶瓷B位化学有序度的影响。拉曼和XRD分析结果表明, 不同的烧结温度下, 离子取代不同, 对B位有序度的影响不同。烧结温度在950℃时, 主要是Cu²⁺进入晶格, 不影响B位化学有序度;烧结温度在1 080℃时, 主要是Cu¹⁺ 进入晶格, B位化学有序度改变。介温测试所表现出来的弛豫特性与拉曼分析有序度的结果相一致。     

Synthesis and magnetic properties of 12L-perovskites Ba4LnIr3O12 (Ln=lanthanides)

New quadruple perovskite oxides Ba₄LnIr₃O₁₂ (Ln=lanthanides) were prepared and their magnetic properties were investigated. They crystallize in the monoclinic 12L-perovskite-type structure with space group C2/m. The Ir₃O₁₂ trimers and LnO₆ octahedra are alternately linked by corner-sharing and form the perovskite-type structure with 12 layers. The Ln and Ir ions are both in the tetravalent state for Ln=Ce, Pr, and Tb compounds , and for other compounds (Ln=La, Nd, Sm-Gd, Dy-Lu), Ln ions are in the trivalent state and the mean oxidation state of Ir ions is . An antiferromagnetic transition has been observed for Ln=Ce, Pr, and Tb compounds at 10.5, 35, and 16 K, respectively, while the other compounds are paramagnetic down to 1.8 K.     

Studies on magnetic and calorimetric properties of double perovskites Ba2HoRuO6 and Ba2HoIrO6

Magnetic properties of double perovskite compounds Ba₂HoRuO₆ and Ba₂HoIrO₆ have been reported. Powder X-ray and neutron diffraction measurements show that these compounds have a cubic perovskite-type structure with the space group and the 1:1 ordered arrangement of Ho³⁺ and Ru⁵⁺ (or Ir⁵⁺) over the 6-coordinate B sites. Results of the magnetic susceptibility and specific heat measurements show that Ba₂HoRuO₆ exhibits two magnetic anomalies at 22 and 50 K. Analysis of the temperature dependence of magnetic specific heat indicates that the anomaly at 50 K is due to the antiferromagnetic ordering of Ru⁵⁺ ions and that the anomaly at 22 K is ascribable to the magnetic interaction between Ho³⁺ ions. Neutron diffraction data collected at 10 and 35 K show that the Ba₂HoRuO₆ has a long range antiferromagnetic ordering involving both Ho³⁺ and Ru⁵⁺ ions. Each of their magnetic moments orders in a Type I arrangement and these magnetic moments are anti-parallel in the ab-plane with each other. The magnetic moments are aligned along the c-direction. On the other hand, Ba₂HoIrO₆ is paramagnetic down to 1.8 K.     

Studies on magnetic susceptibility and specific heat for 6H-perovskite-type oxides Ba3LnIr2O9 (Ln=La, Nd, Sm-Yb)

Magnetic properties of the 6H-perovskite-type oxides Ba₃LnIr₂O₉ (Ln=La and Nd: monoclinic; Ln=Sm-Yb: hexagonal symmetry) were investigated. For all the title compounds, a specific heat anomaly was found at 5.3-17.4 K. At the corresponding temperatures, the magnetic susceptibilities show a slight variation in its gradient. These magnetic anomalies suggest the magnetic ordering of the magnetic moments (S=1/2) remaining in the Ir^4.5+₂O₉ face-shared bioctahedra. In addition, the Ln³⁺ ions show the onset of the antiferromagnetic ordering around these temperatures. The Ba₃NdIr₂O₉ only shows a ferromagnetic behavior below 17.4 K with a remnant magnetization of 1.25 μ_B. This behavior may be due to the ferromagnetic ordering of the Nd³⁺ moments.     

Magnetic properties of orthorhombic fluorite-related oxides Ln3SbO7 (Ln=rare earths)

Ternary rare earth antimonates Ln₃SbO₇ (Ln=rare earths) were prepared and their structures were determined by X-ray diffraction measurements. They crystallize in an orthorhombic superstructure of cubic fluorite (space group Cmcm for Ln=La, Pr, Nd; C222₁ for Ln=Nd-Lu), in which Ln³⁺ ions occupy two different crystallographic sites (the 8-coordinated and 7-coordinated sites). Their magnetic properties were characterized by magnetic susceptibility and specific heat measurements from 1.8 to 400 K. The Ln₃SbO₇ (Ln=Nd, Gd-Ho) compounds show an antiferromagnetic transition at 2.2-3.2 K. Sm₃SbO₇ and Eu₃SbO₇ show van Vleck paramagnetism. Measurements of the specific heat down to 0.4 K for Gd₃SbO₇ and the analysis of the magnetic specific heat indicate that the antiferromagnetic ordering of the 8-coordinated Gd ions occur at 2.6 K, and the 7-coordinated Gd ions order at a furthermore low temperature.     

Crystal structures and magnetic properties of two-dimensional antiferromagnets Co1−xZnxTeMoO6

Crystal structures and magnetic properties of metal telluromolybdates Co_1−xZn_xTeMoO₆ (x=0.0, 0.1,…,0.9) are reported. All the compounds have an orthorhombic structure with space group P2₁2₁2 and a charge configuration of M²⁺Te⁴⁺Mo⁶⁺O₆. In this structure, M ions form a pseudo-two-dimensional lattice in the ab plane. Their magnetic susceptibility measurements have been performed in the temperature range between 1.8 and 300 K. The end member CoTeMoO₆ shows a magnetic transition at 24.4 K. The transition temperature for solid solutions rapidly decreases with increasing x and this transition disappears between x=0.4 and 0.5, which is corresponding to the percolation limit for the square-planer lattice. From the magnetization, specific heat, and powder neutron diffraction measurements, it is found that the magnetic transition observed in the CoTeMoO₆ is a canted antiferromagnetic ordering of Co²⁺ ions. The antiferromagnetic component of the ordered magnetic moment (3.12(3)μ_B at 10 K) is along the b-axis. In addition, there exists a small ferromagnetic component (0.28(3)μ_B) along the a-axis.