亚甲基烯酮与5-亚甲基-1,3-二噁烷-4,6-二酮反应机理的研究

利用半经验分子轨道理论AM1方法，研究了5-亚甲基-1，3-二噁烷-4，6-二酮与亚甲基烯酮的2，3-位C＝C，3，4-位C＝O和1，2-位C＝O三种双键位置上的环加成反应的反应机理．采用Berny梯度法优化得到反应的过渡态，并进行了振动分析确认．计算结果表明，环加成反应是按照协同的非同步途径进行的，经过一个扭曲的六员环过渡态，前线轨道分析表明反应机理为［4＋2］机理．根据AM1优化得到的产物反应物及过渡态的生成热可知三个反应的活化焓分别为27．07kJ·mol-1，32．41kJ·mol-1和137．96kJ·mol-1，2，3-位C＝C双键上的环加成反应的活化焓最低，这与实验中只观察到2，3－位C＝C双键上环加成产物的结论是一致的．     

van der Waals团簇ArHCl的光电离研究

用同步辐射光源和光电离质谱研究了分子束中ArHClvanderWaals（vdW）团簇的光电离过程．测量结果表明，分子束中的ArHCl的浓匠与气源压力近似满足如下关系式：a（ArHCl）％＝179×10-8.首次给出了ArHCl团簇的光电高效率曲线，并测得ArHCl 的出现势为12.52±0.03eV。根据实验测量的HCl和ArHCl的电高能，计算出Ar－HCl 的解高能为022±0.03eV.用Gaussian－94w量化程序计算出解高能约为0.16eV.实验表明当团簇内的Ar电离时，ArHCl 质谱峰强度明显低于预计的强度，是由于体系电离后发生了电荷转移及解离过程．     

电场和温度对含水电流变液性能的影响

测试了聚甲基丙烯酸锂（Li－PMAA）粒子含水量（Q）不同时的Li－PMAA／硅油电流变（ER）液的静态屈服应力（τs）和电流密度（J）随电场强度（E）和温度（T）的变化，同时分别用幂函数和Ar－rheniu方程拟合了τs、J与E、T的关系，并计算了与τs、J有关的两种活化能（Ea、Eb）．发现ER液在低电场下，τs∝E2；而在高电场下，τs∝Eb，b与Q有关，随Q增加而增加．当Q较小时，ER液的τs、J随温度的升高而增加，且Ea＝0．15eV，Eb＝0．70eV．作者认为该体系的ER效应主要是由粒子中的可移动离子如Li＋在电场作用下产生粒子内迁移所致．     

晶态Ca3C60与Ca5C60的能带结构研究

用三维EHMO晶体轨道程序分别对Ca3C60，Ca5C60进行了能带结构的计算．计算结果表明，Ca3C60没有导电性，能隙约为0．9eV；而在Ca5C60的能带结构中，费米面刚好穿过半满带，表明Ca5C60是导体；同时在费米面附近有较大的态密度值，表明Ca5C60与K3C60等类似，具有较高的超导转变温度．电荷分析表明，在这两种情况下，钙原子的4s电子基本上全转移到C60上，C60分子可形成一个稳定的带6到10个电子的负离子．     

利用给体-π-受体分子模板在Au(111)电极表面构筑富勒烯带状结构(英文)

富勒烯与功能分子之间的电荷作用已经被广泛应用于功能性器件的构筑中.这些功能器件的性能与电极表面的薄膜排布结构有着密切关系.因此,研究电极表面的富勒烯和功能分子的组装结构对这些器件的构筑和功能的发挥有着重要意义.本文利用电化学扫描隧道显微镜技术,在HClO4溶液中系统研究了C60分子与有机电子给体-π-受体分子C16H33O-I3CNQ[Z-β-(5-hexadecyloxy-1,3,3-trimethyl-2-indolium)-α-cyano-4-styryl dicyanomethanide]在Au(111)电极表面的二维组装结构.研究发现:C16H33O-I3CNQ分子在Au(111)电极表面组装形成具有短程有序性的条陇状结构;而C60分子在C16H33O-I3CNQ模板之上组装形成了带状结构.C60分子带状结构的形成方向受到了C16H33O-I3CNQ分子中电子给体-π-受体部分排列结构的影响.C60分子与C16H33O-I3CNQ分子之间的π-π堆积作用和电荷转移作用对这种带状结构的形成有着密切关系.这一结果为利用富勒烯和功能分子之间的作用构筑功能器件提供了一种新的制备方法.     

呋喃分子多光子电离解离过程的反应通道

1引言呋喃分子在450nm附近的多光子电离实验中[1]，质谱中观察不到母体离子C4H4O＋，主要碎片离子的相对丰度C＋＞C2＋＝CHO＋＝C3H3＋．这些离子的选质量光谱研究表明它们是呋喃分子先吸收3＋1个光子电离为母体离子C4H4O＋，然后C4H4O＋再进一步吸收光子逐步解离产生．陕哺离子的初级解离过程已比较清楚[2－4]，吹响离子能量在1～5eV之间解离通道是：这三个平行解离反应可用RRKM理论来描述[4]．但是陕哺离子在高能量下的解离反应，特别是次级解离过程还不清楚，因此无法确定MPIF实验中观察到小离子碎片产生的机理，为此本文在速…     

V2O5/SiO2催化剂的异丁烷选择氧化反应性能

 采用溶胶－凝胶法和浸渍法制备了V2O5／SiO2催化剂,并用XRD,IR,TPD和活性评价等手段对催化剂的表面构造、化学吸附性能和异丁烷选择氧化反应性能进行了研究．结果表明：催化剂表面由Lewis碱位V＝O双键的端氧和Lewis酸位V5＋构成,异丁烷分子主要通过甲基中的H双位吸附在催化剂表面的Lewis碱位上,异丁烯分子可通过甲基的H吸附在催化剂表面的Lewis碱位,也可通过C＝C双键吸附在催化剂表面的Lewis酸位上．在常压条件下,异丁烷选择氧化产物主要有异丁烯、甲基丙烯醛和甲基丙烯酸,其中深度氧化产物CO2主要由通过C＝C吸附的异丁烯继续反应生成．     

CO在α-U(001)表面的吸附

采用密度泛函理论中的广义梯度近似,计算了CO在α-U(001)表面的吸附、解离和扩散.结果表明:CO分子以CU3OU2构型化学吸附在α-U(001)表面,吸附能为1.78-1.99eV;吸附后表层U原子向上迁移,伴随着褶皱的产生;CO分子与表面U原子的相互作用主要是U原子的电子向CO分子最低空轨道2π*转移,以及CO2π*/5σ/1π-U6d轨道间杂化而生成新的化学键;CO解离吸附较分子吸附在能量上更为有利,h1(C)+h2(O)和h1(C)+h1(O)(h:空位)解离态吸附能分别为2.71和3.08eV;近邻三重穴位之间C、O原子的扩散能垒分别为0.57和0.14eV,预示O原子较C原子更易在U(001)表面扩散迁移.     

吡啶气相光氯化反应理论研究：—加成反应机理的过渡态IRC解析

通过PM3方法研究氯自由基与吡啶分子加成反应的结果表明，生成不同产物2－氯吡啶、3－氯吡啶、4－氯吡啶的每一个反应通道存在两个过渡态，生成2－氯吡啶反应路径主过渡态的能量及活化能量低，分别为－110293．6和139.2kJ/mol。反应优生成2－氯吡啶，与实验结果一致，生成2－氯吡啶反应过程（IRC）相关的键长，，键级和原子净电荷变化表明，吡啶环反应部位C原子与Cl加成形成C－Cl键主要与共轭双键断裂同步，而C－H键的断裂主要与共轭双键的重新形成同步，反应进程中氯原子净电荷从增加到减少的变化是氯原子诱导效应吸引电子和p-π共轭电荷平均分布等相互作用的结果。     

C~6F~6^+→C~6F~5^++F气相单分子分解及碰撞诱导分解 反应研究

用质量分析离子动能谱(MIKES)研究了C~6F~6^+→C~6F~5^++F的气相单分子分解及其与Ar和He的碰撞诱导分解(CID)反应。实验结果表明,C~6F~6^+在电离室中获得足够能量而被激发到某一长效激发态,而CID是诱导其分解的必要步骤,且该分解过程有两条能量不同的反应途径。当碰撞气体为Ar时,两条途径所对应的能量变化分别为0eV和+9.8eV(将多余能量转化为动能),而当碰撞气体为He时,则分别为0eV和-17eV(将多余能量转化为内能)。CID/Ar诱导该长效激发态在C-F键断裂之前将多余能量转化为动能,而在CID/He中则将多余能量转化为内能。     

Effects of Ar/H/N‐ion bombardment on the surface free energy and friction behavior of the fullerene‐like hydrogenated carbon (FL‐C:H) film

The surface modification of the fullerene‐like hydrogenated carbon (FL‐C:H) film was achieved by bombardment using Ar, H, and N ions, respectively. A systematic comparison of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transformation infrared(FTIR) spectra was made between the FL‐C:H film and ion‐bombarded films. The results show that ion bombardment resulted in the increase of sp³ C content, specially, new C? N bonds were formed for N‐ion‐bombarded film. The contact angle (CA) and friction coefficient of those films were measured. The surface free energy evaluated from the contact angle increased for ion‐bombarded films, and the most obvious increase was obtained for N‐ion‐bombarded film. The friction coefficient decreased for H‐ion‐bombarded film whereas it increased for N‐ion‐bombarded film, and the friction coefficient of Ar‐ion‐bombarded film was close to that of the FL‐C:H film. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Sputtering of C(60) fullerenes physisorbed on Ar, Xe, H(2)O, O(2), and C(8)F(18) matrix films studied with time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry

The ionization and fragmentation of C(60) fullerenes were investigated using matrix films covered with C(60) molecules and bombarded with 1.5-KeV He(+) ions. C(+), C(60)(+), and C(60)(++) ions were sputtered from the C(60) molecules that were physisorbed on Ar and Xe matrix films, whereas the sputtering of C(60) on the O(2) and C(8)F(18) matrix films induced an additional emission of ion adducts, such as (OC(60))(+) and (FC(60))(+), as well as the fragment ions, C(60-2n)(+) (n = 1-10). Very few ions were sputtered from the C(60) molecules that were adsorbed on the H(2)O matrix film and the Ni(111) substrate. The ions are thought to be created at the surface when C (C(60)) collides with the Ar, Xe, O, and F species via the electron-promotion mechanism, and the formation of quasi-molecules is manifested from the emission of the ion adducts. The fragmentation occurs during the interaction with the reactive species at the surface, and the delayed ionization/fragmentation of the internally excited C(60) molecules in the gas phase has negligible contribution in the present experiment. The matrix effect arises from the suppressed neutralization of the C(60)(+) ion because of the localization of a valence hole. The C(60)(+) ion undergoes neutralization on the H(2)O film because the hydrogen bond has some covalent character.     

Au∕CuPc interface: a valence band photoemission investigation

The formation of the metal-organic interface depositing gold, by thermal evaporation in ultrahigh vacuum conditions, onto a copper phthalocyanine film has been studied by means of ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy. The evolution of the valence band spectra and in particular of the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO) and of the Au upper states has been followed as a function of gold film thickness. The HOMO peak position is strongly influenced by the Au deposition, suggesting an n-doping process of the organic film. The gold 6s state behavior indicates the formation of small metal clusters whose size increases as a function of the gold deposited. The doping of the organic film determines a strong reduction of the film ionization energy.     

Work function and negative electron affinity of ultrathin barium fluoride films

Thin films of barium fluorides with different thicknesses were deposited on GaAs substrate by electron beam evaporation. The aim of the work was to identify the best growth conditions for the production of coatings with a low work function suitable for the anode of hybrid thermionic-photovoltaic (TIPV) devices. The chemical composition and work function φ of the films with different thicknesses were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS). The lowest value of φ = 2.1 eV was obtained for the film with a thickness of ~2 nm. In the valence band spectra of the films at low kinetic energy, near the cutoff, a characteristic peak of negative electron affinity was present. This effect contributed to a further reduction of the film's work function.     

Homogeneous liquid crystal orientation on ion beam exposure TiO2 surfaces depending on an anisotropic dipole field

We studied homogeneous liquid crystal (LC) alignment properties on ion-beam (IB) irradiated TiO₂ films deposited by the electron beam evaporation method. Stable homogeneous LC alignment on a TiO₂ surface resulted from IB irradiation energy over 1800 eV. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses showed that Ti⁴⁺ 2p_3/2 and Ti⁴⁺ 2p_1/2 peaks were increased with increasing IB energy. Assuming that the increased peaks produced anisotropy dipole fields in the direction of the IB exposure process, we confirmed that the increasing IB energy induced strengthened the surface energy for entirely clear and stable LC molecule orientation. The voltage-transmittance characteristics of the twisted-nematic cell on the TiO₂ surface indicate that the TiO₂ film has potential for use as the LC alignment layer.     

A density functional theory study of shake-up satellites in photoemission of carbon fullerenes and nanotubes

Carbon 1s shake-up spectra of fullerenes C(60), C(70), and C(82) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) of (5,5), (6,5), and (7,6) have been investigated by using equivalent core hole Kohn-Sham density functional theory approach, in which only one-electron transition between molecular orbitals within core-hole potential is considered. The calculated spectra are generally in good agreement with results of equivalent core-hole time-dependent density functional theory calculations and available experiments, and reliable assignments for the complicated shake-up spectra of such large systems are provided. Calculations have also been performed for endohedral metallofullerene Gd@C(82) to demonstrate the possible use of shake-up processes to identify the charge transfer between the metal ion and the carbon cage. It is found that the exciton binding energy of all systems under investigation is around 0.5 eV.     

Ultralow energy ion beam surface modification of low density polyethylene

Ultralow energy Ar+ and O+ ion beam irradiation of low density polyethylene has been carried out under controlled dose and monoenergetic conditions. XPS of Ar+-treated surfaces exposed to ambient atmosphere show that the bombardment of 50 eV Ar+ ions at a total dose of 10(16) cm(-2) gives rise to very reactive surfaces with oxygen incorporation at about 50% of the species present in the upper surface layer. Using pure O+ beam irradiation, comparatively low O incorporation is achieved without exposure to atmosphere (approximately 13% O in the upper surface). However, if the surface is activated by Ar+ pretreatment, then large oxygen contents can be achieved under subsequent O+ irradiation (up to 48% O). The results show that for very low energy (20 eV) oxygen ions there is a dose threshold of about 5 x 10(15) cm(-2) before surface oxygen incorporation is observed. It appears that, for both Ar+ and O+ ions in this regime, the degree of surface modification is only very weakly dependent on the ion energy. The results suggest that in the nonequilibrium plasma treatment of polymers, where the ion flux is typically 10(18) m(-2) s(-1), low energy ions (<50 eV) may be responsible for surface chemical modification.     

Ubiquitous pentacene monolayer on metals deposited onto pentacene films

Photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS and UPS) was used to study the deposition of metal layers (Ag, Cu, and Au) onto pentacene films. Very low work functions were measured (PhiAg = 3.91 eV, PhiCu = 3.93 eV, and PhiAu = 4.3 eV) for all of the metals, in agreement with results from the literature. The intensities of the C 1s core-level signals from pentacene that were monitored during stepwise metal deposition leveled off at a value of about 30% of a thick pentacene film. This C 1s intensity is comparable to that of one monolayer of pentacene deposited onto the respective metal. The valence band spectra of metals deposited onto pentacene and spectra collected for pentacene deposited onto bare metal surfaces are very similar. These findings lead to the conclusion that approximately one monolayer of pentacene is always present on top of the freshly deposited metal film, which explains the very low work function of the metals when they are deposited onto organic films. We expect similar behavior with other nonreactive metals deposited onto stable organic layers.     

The electronic structure of carbon suboxide from ESCA and AB initio calculations

The ESCA spectrum of C₃O₂ excited by Mg K_α radiation, 1253.6 eV, has been obtained for both gaseous and solid samples. The chemical shifts of the C1s and O1s levels have been used to calculate the gross atomic charges. The valence region of the spectrum has been recorded and the ordering of the orbitals has been decided on the basis of an ab initio calculation and the intensities of the observed peaks. An unusually intense shake-up spectrum has also been observed and is discussed. The relative spacing of the valence peaks has been found to be different for the solid and gas.     

四苯(基)苯基聚硅烷、乙烯基聚硅烷以及二者共聚物的XPS研究

本文报道四苯(基)苯基聚硅烷、乙烯基聚硅烷以及它们的共聚物的X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)研究。由反映在C_(1s)和Si_(2p)的振起伴峰表征了分子中(P-P)_x、(P-d)_x和(d-d)_x键的存在,同时也探讨了它们各自的XPS价带谱特征。