中间支承对随从力作用下矩形薄板稳定性的影响

研究了切向均布随从力作用下,带有中间线支承的矩形薄板的稳定性问题.建立板的运动微分方程,利用微分求积法得到复特征方程.求解复特征方程,得出线支承板复频率随着随从力的变化关系,以及线支承刚度对板失稳形式和临界值的影响.对随从力作用下中间支承四边固支矩形薄板的计算结果表明:对于四边固支板,当边长比为1时,发现存在一个临界线支承刚度值,当线支承刚度小于该值时,板失稳为颤振失稳,当支承刚度大于该值时,板失稳为屈曲失稳;当边长比为2时,板失稳形式保持为屈曲失稳.     

输液管道附加支承刚度优化设计

研究液固耦合效应作用下,两端铰支输液管道系统附加支承的刚度和位置优化设计。应用有限元分析方法,建立了输液管道液固耦合振动方程。为有效控制管道结构的振动,利用在管道结构上附(增)加支承的方法,提高输液管道系统的固有频率,预防系统可能发生强烈的耦合振动导致不稳定状态。提出了附加支承最小(临界)刚度的快速计算策略和途径,分别探讨分析了输液管道内液体的流速、附加支承的位置以及第一阶固有频率的目标值对最优支承刚度值的影响。     

铁磁导电梁式板在横向均匀磁场中的动力特性分析

对横向磁场中自由振动的导电铁磁梁式板,给出了考虑其磁化和涡电流与力学效应耦合影响的定解问题的基本方程.在对不同支承情况下板的振动频率和临界磁场值进行定量分析的基础上,讨论了电导率、磁化率和板厚等参数以及支承条件对板结构的振动频率与磁弹性临界磁场的影响.     

铁磁导电梁式析在横向均匀磁场中的动力特性分析

对横向磁场中自由振动的导电铁磁梁式板,给出了考虑其磁化和涡电流与力学效应耦合影响的定解问题的基本方程。在对不同支承情况下板的振动频率和临界磁场值进行定量分析的基础上,讨论了电导率、磁化率和板厚等参数以及支承条件对板结构的振动频率与磁弹性临界磁场的影响。     

新型穿浪式浮标的水动力性能分析

基于柱型浮标提出新型穿浪式浮标的设计方案,该浮标采用六根中间浮筒代替单一浮筒,并在尾筒末端安装垂荡板,浮标整体采用超高分子量聚乙烯加工。本文使用频域分析法对穿浪式浮标和柱型浮标垂荡方向的运动响应进行对比分析,研究了不同直径的垂荡板对穿浪式浮标垂荡方向的运动响应和附加质量的影响。结果证明:相比于同尺寸的柱型浮标,穿浪式浮标的质量更小,固有频率更大,垂荡方向的运动响应和稳定性优于钢制浮标;通过在浮标尾筒末端加装垂荡板能够显著增加浮标垂荡方向的附加质量,减小浮标垂荡方向的运动幅值,进一步改善浮标的性能和生存能力。     

变厚度圆板的轴对称弯曲

文[1]提出了一个求解变厚度矩形板的稳定与振动问题的有限板条法。本文利用这个思想,把它推广到求解任意支承的变厚度圆板和环板的轴对称问题中去。文中导出了环板元的传递矩阵和节线的相关矩阵。在计算过程中矩阵迁移同样是从两端同时向中间节线延伸,这样既简便又迅速。无论离散化的板元有多少块,最后只需解一个二元一次代数方程组。     

多跨换热器传热管在静水中的阻尼特性

本文对多跨换热器传热管在静水中的结构阻尼与粘滞阻尼作了分析。通过求解带N—1个同心支承板的管子运动方程,导出计算挤压膜阻尼的公式. 为了验证理论分析结果,对四跨传热管在静水中的挤压膜阻尼进行了实验研究.得出挤压膜阻尼与支承板数、支承板厚度、管子—支承板管孔偏心率、以及管子—支承板间隙之间的关系.在分析实验结果的基础上,得出了计算传热管挤压膜阻尼的改进公式.     

大瓣片高强钢球壳板冲压成形应力测试与分析

为对大瓣片高强钢球罐壳板成形过程进行应力测试与分析,在分析壳板成形工艺特点和力学特征的基础上,提出了在板材上附加随动测试架的测试方法,该测试架可随板材运动,实现对传感元件的保护,保证测试信号的输出,同时不干扰壳板的工艺条件,实现了准确测定冲压加工过程中特定状态下板壳内的应力分布及变化规律的目的。测试表明,压力加工过程中,当模具完全冲压到位时,在模具中心区域出现最大拉伸应变,应力值也最大,而卸载后该区反而出现了很小的压应力,这对容器的安全是有利的。因此在压制过程中只要控制冲压变形量,使得中间部位应力值小于材料的强度极限,就可保证板材不发生工艺性破裂,而且成形完成后该区也无不利的力学因素。     

基于统一强度理论加筋土挡墙土压力计算

应用统一强度理论和等效附加围压理论,考虑中间主应力和筋材对土体强度的作用,研究了加筋土挡墙侧向土压力的变化规律。在筋土相互作用的分析中,考虑三维等效附加围压的作用,将筋材对土体单元的作用等效为侧向约束力增量,并结合统一强度理论,建立了加筋土挡墙三维应力状态下的土压力计算式。通过实例进行了计算结果与实测结果的对比分析,结果表明,考虑中间主应力的土压力计算值与实测值具有相同的变化趋势,加筋土挡墙上的总土压力随着中间主应力系数b的增加而逐渐减小,当b为0.5时与实测值接近。进一步验证了同时考虑中间主应力和筋材等效附加围压的作用,可以更好地反映作用在加筋土挡墙上的实际总土压力。     

粘弹性线支矩形板横向振动特性的一个精确解析解法

本文研究两对边简支、中间有任意个粘弹性线支矩形板的横向振动问题，给出了一个求其动态特性的新的精确解析方法。首先将粘弹性线支反力视为是作用于板上的未知外力，求得了含有未知外力的对边简支矩形板横向振动微分方程的精确解析解，然后利用边界条件及线支处支承反力与位移的线性关系导出频率方程及振型函数，方法有独特的优越性。本文最后还给出了一些算例。     

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE FLUIDELASTIC FORCES ACTING ON A SQUARE TUBE BUNDLE IN TWO-PHASE CROSS-FLOW

A tube in a square tube bundle of P/D=1·42 was oscillated in the lift direction in air–water two-phase cross-flow, and fluidelastic forces acting on the oscillated tube were measured. First, the tube amplitude was fixed to 3 mm (=0·136 D), and added mass, damping, and stiffness coefficients were obtained as a function of two-phase mixture characteristics such as nondimensional gap velocity and void fraction. When reference mixture density and velocity were estimated, the drift–flux model, in which the relative velocity between the gas and liquid phases was estimated, generated better results than the homogeneous model. The added mass coefficient was obtained from quiescent two-phase flow as a function of void fraction. Using the added mass coefficient, the added stiffness coefficient converged to zero with decreasing nondimensional gap velocity. This overcame the contradiction in the added stiffness estimation without added mass, in which the added stiffness coefficient did not converge to zero with decreasing nondimensional gap velocity. Next, the effects of the vibration amplitude on the fluidelastic force coefficients were considered. When the tube amplitude was 3 mm (=0·136 D) or less, the equivalent added stiffness and damping coefficients were almost constant and nonlinearity was small. This showed the validity of the fluidelastic force coefficients obtained based on the data of amplitude of 3 mm. The linearity did not exist when the tube displacement amplitude was 4·5 mm (=0·205 D) or more; a remarkable nonlinearity appeared in the equivalent added damping coefficient. A method to estimate the limit-cycle amplitude of the fluidelastic vibration was proposed when only one tube in the tube bundle was able to vibrate in the lift direction. The amplitude could be obtained from the amplitude at which the equivalent added damping coefficient changed from negative to positive with increase in the tube amplitude.     

The effect of orifices on the liquid distribution in annular two-phase flow

The effect of using orifices to disrupt the water film in air-water annular two-phase flow has been studied experimentally in a vertical tube by measuring the wall film flowrate at various distances upstream and downstream of several different sizes of orifice. The orifices cause a temporary reduction in the downstream water film flowrate, which returns to its equilibrium value further downstream. The experimental results have been used, together with those of other investigators, to compare the effects of orifices to those of swirl tapes, and further to compare the processes of entrainment and deposition within annular two-phase flow.     

输液螺旋管系振动的动力子结构分析

本文推导了反对称阻尼振动系统的动力约束子结构法，利用反对称阻尼性质避免了求解左特征向量，并在缩聚变换中增添速度约束模态以提高计算精度，加之充分利用管系的周期性，较大幅度地提高了输液螺旋管系振动分析的效率。     

Experimental study of the pressure drop after fractal-shaped orifices in turbulent pipe flows

Fractal-shaped orifices are thought to have a significant effect on the flow mixing properties downstream a pipe owing to their edge self-similarity shape. Here, we investigate the pressure drop after such fractal orifices and measure the pressure recovery at different stations downstream the orifice. A direct comparison is made with the pressure drop measured after regular circular orifices with the same flow area. Our results show that the fractal-shaped orifices have a significant effect on the pressure drop. Furthermore, the pressure drop measured across the fractal-shaped orifices is found to be lower than that from regular circular orifices of the same flow areas. This result could be important in designing piping systems from the point of view of losses. It looks promising to use the fractal-shaped orifices as flowmeters as they can sense the pressure drop across them accurately with lower losses than the regular circular-shaped ones.     

Experimental analysis of the influence of damping on the resonance behavior of a spherical pendulum

This study describes the experimental and numerical dynamic analysis of a kinematically excited spherical pendulum. The stability of the response in the vertical plane was analyzed in the theoretically predicted auto-parametric resonance domain. Three different types of the resonance domain were investigated the properties of which depended significantly on the dynamic parameters of the pendulum and the excitation amplitude. A mathematical model was used to represent the nonlinear characteristics of the pendulum, which includes the asymmetrical damping. A special frame was developed to carry out the experiments, which contained the pendulum supported by the Cardan joint and two magnetic units attached to the supporting axes of rotation, and this was able to reproduce linear viscous damping for both of the principal response components. The stability analysis of the system was compared with the numerical solution of the governing equations and experimental observation. The most significant practical outcomes for designers are also summarized.     

A new method to determine viscosity of liquids using vibration principles

A new method for determining viscosity of liquids is examined. The method employs the principles of vibration and measures the viscous damping due to the motion of a liquid placed in a cylindrical tube. The apparatus and the test liquid are treated as a dynamic system and the measured mechanical impedances are used to calculate energy dissipation due to the viscous damping. The newly designed apparatus is able to generate shear deformations in the liquid without using moving solid surfaces. A harmonic varying force with a frequency close to the resonance frequency of the system is applied through a piston and the resulting velocities of the oscillations generated in the system are measured. Liquids with higher viscosities result in lower velocities due to the higher damping. Analytical equations are provided to relate the viscous damping of the dynamic system to the viscosity of the liquids. The viscosities obtained from the proposed method are in good agreement with the ones obtained from standard rotational viscometry using a cone and plate geometry.     

Numerical and experimental nonlinear dynamics of a proportional pressure-regulating valve

A novel direct proportional pressure-regulating valve is presented in this paper, and its working principle is introduced. The pressure of feedback chamber is controlled by two orifices. The lumped parameter double-mass dynamic model considering both the spool mass and the plunger mass is established. The model consists of the subsystem models with hydraulic fluid dynamic, valve mechanic and electromagnetic. The numerical model is validated through experiments. With the model, the spool and pressure dynamics are analysed by comparing the changes of the simulation parameters. The effects of orifice diameters, lap, spring stiffness, viscous damping coefficient on the stability of spool and pressure are investigated. The results show that a fixed relationship between the orifice diameters of the valve can be achieved. A larger overlap is beneficial to improve the stability of the spool. It is aimed to propose a parametric design method for the valve optimization.

     

Dynamics of rotating conveying mud drill string subjected to torque and longitudinal thrust

In the view of fluid-structure interactions and rotor dynamics, this paper models the lateral vibration of a vertical downward rotating elastic drill string conveying mud subjected to supporting stabilizers, bit torque and longitudinal thrust. The dynamic model involves the rotational inertia of the drill string tube cross section, the gyroscopic effect caused by rotation, the damping due to friction with the surrounding fluid, the gravity force and mud buoyancy. Damped natural frequency, stability and resonance of the drill string system are determined by quadratic eigenvalue problem and investigated at influences of the stabilizer, rotational angular speed, mud flowing velocity, bit torque and thrust. As a result, the drill string can lose stability both at simultaneous and separate influences of the mud conveying, bit torque and thrust, whereas the rotation, stabilizer and gravity of the drill string can improve system stability; the rotational angular speed causing system resonance decreases with the increase of the mud flowing velocity, bit torque and thrust.     

Numerical and experimental studies on the hydrodynamic damping of a zero-thrust propeller

Fluid added mass and damping are significant parameters when predicting the dynamic response of a submerged structure. The hydrodynamic damping of underwater rotating machinery is numerically and experimentally investigated by a zero-thrust propeller in this paper. The lifting surface method(LSM) combined with forced vibration was introduced as the numerical method to compute the corresponding unsteady thrust, while the experimental method of measuring added damping was accomplished by a propeller undergoing rotation combined heave motion. Results of the theoretical method are in good agreement with the experimental results before cavitation occurs, as cavitation is regarded to weaken the unsteady response of the propeller partly. The calculation results also show that both the frequency ratio(vibration frequency divided by rotation frequency) and the blade angle have a significant influence on the hydrodynamic damping. Therefore, the effect of blade angle on hydrodynamic damping should be considered during the design phase.     

Two-phase damping and interface surface area in tubes with vertical internal flow

Two-phase flow is common in the nuclear industry. It is a potential source of vibration in piping systems. In this paper, two-phase damping in the bubbly flow regime is related to the interface surface area and, therefore, to flow configuration. Experiments were performed with a vertical tube clamped at both ends. First, gas bubbles of controlled geometry were simulated with glass spheres let to settle in stagnant water. Second, air was injected in stagnant alcohol to generate a uniform and measurable bubble flow. In both cases, the two-phase damping ratio is correlated to the number of bubbles (or spheres). Two-phase damping is directly related to the interface surface area, based on a spherical bubble model. Further experiments were carried out on tubes with internal two-phase air–water flows. A strong dependence of two-phase damping on flow parameters in the bubbly flow regime is observed. A series of photographs attests to the fact that two-phase damping in bubbly flow increases for a larger number of bubbles, and for smaller bubbles. It is highest immediately prior to the transition from bubbly flow to slug or churn flow regimes. Beyond the transition, damping decreases. It is also shown that two-phase damping increases with the tube diameter.