水轮机活动导叶内部三维固液两相紊流计算及磨损预估

本文报导了水轮机活动导叶内部固液两相紊流的三维数值分析结果和磨损预估结果。文中基于N－S方程和两相紊流的k—ε—Ap模型,采用贴体坐标和交错网格系统,用SIMPLEC算法对水轮机活动导叶内部的固液两相紊流进行数值模拟,提出设计工况时活动导叶内部的两相紊流特性。在数值模拟的基础上,根据Finnie模型预估了活动导叶的磨损。并与Drtina的实验结果进行了比较．     

水泵进水池内紊流及涡旋的数值模拟

本文对水泵进水池内三维紊流及涡旋进行数值模拟。文中基于雷诺平均的Ｎ－Ｓ方程和к－ε紊流模型，在具有交错网格系统的贴体座标系中（１），采用ＳＩＭＰＬＥＣ算法计算三维素流，得出了流速场和压力场的分布。进一步预测了涡旋发生的位置并分析其结构，这对研究、改进水泵进水池的结构，避免涡旋发生，提高效率具有重要的实际意义。     

两种透平叶栅三维流动的计算分析

本文以数值手段分析研究两种不同叶片造型的三维环形叶棚内的定常粘性流动及损失情况，数值方法采用三维可压缩粘性流动压力校正其法求解N－S方程及k－ε双方程湍流模型．新一代透平叶片型线设计与传统叶片型线的差别在于叶片型线的后部加载特性．本文通过计算分析了这种后加载叶片与传统加教叶片应用于汽轮机时对控制三级叶栅损失与二次流发展的作用．     

环形叶栅中二次流与损失的数值模拟

1引言三维叶栅中的损失主要由叶型损失、端部损失及二次流损失等组成。而其中的二次流损失,由于在损失总量中往往占有很大的比重,且又强烈依赖于叶栅几何形状等本身的特点,因而十分受到关注。许多学者分别用计算或试验的方法来研究二次流动,已经做了大量的工作（如文献1～8）。然而,以往大部分的研究往往局限于直列叶栅,对沿径向非等截面的环形叶棚的详细研究甚少。本文基于非正交曲线坐标与非正交速度分量下完全守恒型的Navier－Stokes方程,采用时间推进法与Baldwin－Lomax湍流模型,数值求解环形叶栅内部的粘性流场,得到了十分…     

水力机械转轮内的CFD分析及优化设计

本文基于Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程和标准的ｋ－ε紊流模型,模拟了转轮内的三维紊流场。同时,建立了一种现代水力机械转轮的设计方法;采用ＣＡＤ－ＣＦＤ系统,依据三维紊流场的预测结 果优化转轮内相关的几何参数,使得转轮内的流态接近理想流态,从而保证优化转轮的良好性能。     

应用高分辨率迎风格式精确分析透平叶栅三维湍流流场

应用高收敛率、高精度和高分辨率的数值计算方法,通过求解全三维可压缩雷诺平均的Navier－Stokes方程和q－ω低雷诺数双方程湍流模型,数值模拟了VKI跨音速叶栅内的三维流场,对叶棚内的三维流动结构进行了细致的分析。计算表明,本文采用的计算方法可以精确模拟叶轮机械内部的复杂流动。     

数值分析带二次流跨音速尾喷管流场

本文用有限元法数值分析带二次流可调收—扩喷管跨音速流动,紊流粘性采用ｋ—ε双方程模型来描述,并利用加权余量法中的Ｇａｌｅｒｋｉｎ法建立有限元方程,求解可压缩粘性流体流动Ｎ－Ｓ方程,喷管壁面采用壁面函数。通过四种不同喷管、不同工况下尾喷管内部流场计算,并用实验数据进行对比表明：计算结果合理,程序可靠,可利用有限元法对喷管超音速流动进行数值研究。     

空化紊流流动的数值计算模型及其验证

本文介绍了一种空化紊流流动的数值计算模型,并计算了射流放水阀内部的空化流动现象。该模型基于均相平衡模型和液相与汽相传输方程,基本方程采用N-S方程,空化模型采用Kunz等提出的汽液质量转换模型。紊流封闭采用标准的κ-ε素流模型;稳定流动计算采用扩展的SIMPLE压力修正方法,非稳定计算采用PISO算法。为评价该数值模型,计算了绕射流放水阀的空化流动,并与实验结果进行了对比,计算结果与实验结果取得较好的一致,说明该流动模型和计算方法是可靠的。     

风机矩形蜗壳内部流动特性及其二次流的研究

—、前言 蜗壳作为离心风机的静止元件,其内部流动状况的好坏对风机性能有着很大的影响。相对运动部件叶轮而言,对蜗壳的研究较少,近年来的一些研究表明,蜗壳内的实际流动非常复杂,用流动解析方法求取蜗壳内的流动损失也并非易事。已有关于蜗壳舌部区域的实验研究大多也是定性的。本文利用单倾斜热线测试系统,在对后向离心风机矩形蜗壳内部流场进行测量的基础上,详细测量了蜗壳内的二次流动及舌部区域的流动状况,旨在为蜗壳的合理设计或数值研究提供基础性资料。     

不同负冲角工况下透平叶栅二次流的数值模拟及分析

本文应用TVD格式和Baldwin－Lomax代数紊流模型求解三维NS方程，对一个透平直列叶栅流场在两个不同的负冲角工况下进行了数值模拟，给出了叶栅马蹄涡及其分离鞍点、通道涡、角涡等二次流涡系的结构及其产生发展过程，并对不同工况下的涡系结构及冲角的影响作了详细的分析和比较．本文结果有助于对叶栅二次流涡系结构的产生发展机制的深入了解，同时表明所用数值求解技术有较高的精度和分辨率。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.