缅甸翡翠中铁元素的激光诱导击穿光谱定量检测

采用激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)技术定量分析缅甸翡翠中Fe元素的浓度。选择Fe元素的275.57 nm光谱线作为定量分析谱线,选取Si元素的288.17 nm光谱线作为内标谱线,选取12个缅甸翡翠样品作为研究对象,以其中9个样品绘制了传统定标法和内定标法的Fe元素定标曲线,并将定标曲线用于3个检验样品的Fe含量的实际预测。实验结果表明,采用传统定标方法时,定标样品光谱强度的相对标准偏差(RSD)在1.4%～8.3%之间,所建立的Fe元素浓度含量定标曲线的拟合相关系数R2为0.979,使用该方法建立的定标曲线对3个检验样品中Fe元素含量进行测定,最大相对误差为10.6%;而采用内定标法时,定标样品光谱强度的比值(I_Fe/I_Si)的相对标准偏差(RSD)在0.9%～5.7%之间,Fe的拟合相关系数R2达到0.989,样品中Fe元素的测定相对误差均可降低到7%以下。结果证明,利用内定标法定量分析翡翠中Fe的含量比传统定标法相对误差更小,采用LIBS技术结合内定标法更适于缅甸翡翠样品中Fe元素定量分析。     

ICP—AES测定昆仑雪菊中的6种微量元素

应用ICP—AES同时测定昆仑雪菊样品中的6种微量元素（Sr、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu、Ba）含量。检测结果精密度与准确度良好,加标回收率在95．0％-104％之间,相对标准偏差均在5％以内。方法简便、快速、可靠、结果令人满意。     

Enhancement of microwave absorption of nanocomposite BaFe_(12)O_(19)/α-Fe microfibers

Nanocomposite BaFe12O19/α-Fe microfibers with diameters of about 1-5 μm are prepared by the organic gelthermal selective reduction process. The binary phase of BaFe12O19 and α-Fe is formed after reduction of the precursor BaFe12O19/α-Fe2O3 microfibers at 350℃ for 1 h. These nanocomposite microfibers are fabricated from α-Fe (16-22 nm in diameter) and BaFe12O19 particles (36-42 nm in diameter) and basically exhibit a single-phase-like magnetization behavior, with a high saturation magnetization and coercive force arising from the exchange-coupling interactions of soft α-Fe and hard BaFe12O19 . The microwave absorption characteristics in a 2-18 GHz frequency range of the nanocomposite BaFe12O19/α-Fe microfibers are mainly influenced by their mass ratio of α-Fe/BaFe12O19 and specimen thickness. It is found that the nanocomposite BaFe12O19/α-Fe microfibers with a mass ratio of 1:6 and specimen thickness of 2.5 mm show an optimal reflection loss (RL) of 29.7 dB at 13.5 GHz and the bandwidth with RL exceeding 10 dB covers the whole Ku-band (12.4-18.0 GHz). This enhancement of microwave absorption can be attributed to the heterostructure of soft, nano, conducting α-Fe particles embedded in hard, nano, semiconducting barium ferrite, which improves the dipolar polarization, interfacial polarization, exchange-coupling interaction, and anisotropic energy in the nanocomposite BaFe12O19/α-Fe microfibers.     

XRF玻璃熔片法测定石英砂主次痕量组分

在硅砂、硅石标样中引入分析纯Fe2O3、TiO2、Cr2O3熔融制备标准样片,应用X射线荧光光谱法同时测定石英砂中SiO2、Al2O3、CaO、MgO、Na2O、K2O、Fe2O3、TiO2及Cr2O3,建立了石英砂成分校准曲线,解决了石英砂中痕量元素分析标准样品不足的问题.采用理论α系数和经验系数校正法克服了谱线重叠干扰和基体效应影响.用标准样品及未知矿物样品验证了方法的精密度和准确度,其结果与化学法的分析结果相符合.     

稻米淀粉崩解值的近红外透射光谱法测定

以203份稻米为样品,近红外透射光谱分析仪,对样品进行光谱扫描,并用快速粘度分析仪测定稻米淀粉崩解值.采用改进的偏最小二乘法进行定标模型的建立,得到了稻米淀粉崩解值测定的近红外分析模型的定标标准偏差(SEC)、交叉检验标准误差(SECV)和定标决定系数(RSQ)分别为:10.62、10.8和0.984,内部交叉验证的经校正的工作标准差(SEP)、检验偏差(BIAS)和交叉检验相关系数(1-VR)分别为:6.139、-0.362和0.939,相关性达极显著水平.内部交又验证和外部验证结果表明近红外定量分析崩解值有很高的准确度.近红外透射光谱技术为快速准确无损测定黏滞特性指标提供了一条新途径.     

X射线荧光光谱法测定烧结锰矿中的主次量成分

采用四硼酸锂和偏硼酸锂混合熔剂熔融法制样,X射线荧光光谱法测定了烧结锰矿中的MnO、Fe2O3、SiO2、Al2O3、TiO2、CaO、MgO、SO3和P2O59个主次量成分。以12个锰矿石标准样品建立校准曲线,用理论α系数法校正基体效应。测定烧结锰矿样品各成分的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=10)在0.26%—3.94%之间。用实际样品验证,测定结果与化学方法的测定值相符。与化学法相比,该方法具有快速、简便、精密度好和准确度高等优点。     

基于激光诱导击穿光谱技术检测分析原铝中硅、铁元素含量

利用自行搭建的LIBS装置对原铝中硅铁含量进行了分析测试，测试前对原铝试样进行了微观形貌分析，研究发现原铝中硅元素除有个别区域聚团现象外，其分布相对较为均匀；铁元素多以团状汇聚形态出现，且无明显的分布规律。实验分别考察了激光脉冲能量对激光诱导原铝等离子体光谱的影响，发现随着激光脉冲能量的增大，硅、铁元素信噪比先增加后减小，硅、铁谱线信噪比最大值均出现在160 mJ处，实验选取的激光脉冲能量为160 mJ。在上述较为合理的实验条件下，以内标法为基础，分别采用两种标样（纯铝标样与自选标样）建立了定标模型；结果表明：相比于纯铝标准试样，采用自选试样建立的定标模型不够理想，且数据的离散程度较大，铁元素直线拟合优度仅为0.921 3，相对标准偏差也较大。采用纯铝标样时，在试样不旋转的情况下，硅、铁元素定标曲线拟合优度分别为0.961 1与0.974 1，相对标准偏差分别为8.85%与9.43%，且误差棒显示误差随定标试样的硅、铁含量升高而增大。当试样台保持转速50 r·min-1条件下进行实验，发现硅、铁元素定标曲线的拟合优度分别为0.978 5与0.988，相对标准偏差分别为3.78%与3.4%，相比于试样平台固定情况下的定标结果，拟合优度明显改善，相对标准偏差也有所降低，定标模型明显优于自选试样建立的模型。使用两种定标模型对25个测试样进行了分析测试，比较了两种测试结果的相对误差，纯铝定标试样由于含量梯度较大，跨度较宽，采用该标样建立的定标模型对低铁原铝试样测试适应性相对较差，而自选试样建立的定标模型虽然不够理想，但针对低铁原铝试样的测试适应性相对较好。对激光诱导原铝产生的等离子体进行了诊断，通过镁元素几条离子谱线的玻耳兹曼图，计算出了等离子体温度约为9 163.63 K，利用镁元素一条谱线的Stark展宽估算出等离子体电子密度为1.69×1017 cm-3，验证了激光诱导原铝等离子体处于局部热力学平衡状态的假设是成立的。     

共轴双脉冲激光诱导击穿光谱结合双谱线内标法定量分析植物油中的铬

采用共轴双脉冲激光诱导击穿光谱(DP-LIBS)技术对3种植物油中的重金属铬(Cr)含量进行定量分析.对实验配制的24个样品,来用桐木木片对其中的Cr进行富集,烘干后进行LIBS试验.选取Cr I 425.39 ran为定量分析谱线,CN分子谱线(421.49 nm)、Ca原子谱线(422.64 nm)以及它们谱线强度之和为内标线,分别建立了Cr的基本定标法、单谱线内标法和双谱线内标法的定标曲线,并用验证样品对它们进行检验.研究结果表明,3种植物油的基本定标曲线的拟合度R~2在0.97以上,低浓度验证样品预测的相对误差较大;采用单谱线内定标法时,定标曲线拟合度R~2在0.98以上,验证样品预测的相对误差较基本定标法有所降低;来用双谱线内标时,大豆油、花生油和玉米油的内定标曲线拟合度R~2分别为0.995,0.992和0.996,2个验证样品预测的相对误差分别为12.81%,1.73%,9.19%,6.05%和6.23%,6.69%.由此可见,采用双谱线内标法能有效减小定量分析误差,提高LIBS对植物油中Cr元素的预测能力.     

聚苯胺/钡铁氧体复合材料的制备及电磁性能

"采用原位掺杂聚合法,将聚苯胺对粒径在60~80 nm的M型钡铁氧体颗粒(BaFe12O19)进行包覆,得到了具有导电性和磁性的复合材料．通过X射线衍射、傅利叶变换红外光谱仪、扫描电镜和透射电镜等测试手段对材料的形貌和结构进行了表征．结果表明：PANI链段与BaFe12O19颗粒之间存在着作用力．使用振动磁强计和四探针法测定了复合材料的磁性能与电性能,其中50%复合材料的饱和磁化强度为22.2 emu/g,电导率为0.069 S/cm．"     

激光诱导击穿光谱结合自由定标法同时定量分析玻璃主要元素

建立激光诱导击穿光谱结合自由定标法快速定量分析玻璃中主要元素Si和Ba的方法.采用由调Q脉冲Nd:YAG激光器、中阶梯光栅光谱仪和ICCD检测器等组成的激光诱导击穿光谱系统采集4种标准玻璃样品的激光诱导击穿光谱.提取光谱信息,结合自由定标法建立样品中Si和Ba的玻尔兹曼曲线,计算获得4种玻璃样品中Si和Ba的含量.Si含量分析相对误差在4.96%~10.12%之间,标准差在0.38%~1.29%之间,Ba含量分析相对误差在4.07%~9.62%之间,标准差在0.54%~1.70%之间.T检验表明,测量值与实际值无显著差异.     

白光和红绿蓝光LED可调光源研制

为了提高LED光源色温和亮度的调节精度和准确度,结合色温由低向高变化时光色所呈现的渐变特点,提出了一种低色温白光LED灯珠、高色温白光LED灯珠加红绿蓝光LED灯珠补偿式调光的方法.将色温分成三个部分进行调节,每个部分选用不同的LED灯珠组合来进行调光.实验结果表明:不同组合情况下的LED光源的初始输出色温相对于目标值的偏差范围在1％以内;亮度可以在保证色温不变的情况下独立进行调节,初始输出值与目标值的偏差范围在1％以内;经过微调之后可以达到目标值;达到了色温和亮度独立调节的要求;光源发光稳定,不会因为长时间工作而影响调节精度.     

Visualization and interferometry for cylindrical and spherical sample tomography and profilometry

A technique combining image processing and laser interferometry for visualizing and detecting the deformation of transparent cylindrical and spherical sample is proposed. This deformation includes geometric deformation such as volume transition in profilometry and physical deformation such as refractive index change in tomography. Phase contour lines are used for quantitative analysis and graphical representation of the deformation. This method allows us to visually detect the spatial variation of the deformation field and to evaluate the test quality such as misalignment of optical system. A theoretical analysis using phase contour map to characterize the deformation field is described in detail. A method using phase contour map to qualify the interferometric test is proposed. Analysis of test examples is carried out. Suggestions on using phase contour line method to ameliorate test system design are finally discussed.     

Quantum and Classical Disparity and Accord

Discrepancies and accords between quantum (QM) and classical mechanics (CM) related to expectation values and periods are generally found for both the harmonic oscillator (SHO) and a free particle in a box (FPB), which may apply generally. These indicate non-locality is expected throughout QM. The FPB energy states violate the Correspondence Principle. Previously unexpected accords are found and proven that 〈x ²〉 _CM =〈x ²〉 _QM and τ _CM =τ _QMb (beat period i.e. beats between the phases for adjoining energy states) for the SHO for all quantum numbers, n. However, for the FPB the beat periods differ at small n. It is shown that a particle’s velocity in an infinite square well varies, no matter how wide the box, nor how far the particle is from the walls. The quantum free particle variances share an indirect commonality with the Aharonov-Bohm and Aharonov-Casher effects in that there is a quantum action in the absence of a force. The concept of an “Expectation Value over a Partial Well Width” is introduced. This paper raises the question as to whether these inconsistencies are undetectable, or can be empirically ascertained. These inherent variances may need to be fixed, or nature is manifestly more non-classical than expected.     

Spectroscopy and Photophysics of Iso- and Alloxazines: Experimental and Theoretical Study

We present a systematic study of the effect of methyl substitution on iso- and alloxazines in acetonitrile solutions. Substitution patterns have profound effects on both spectral and photophysical properties, with fluorescence quantum yields varying by more than an order of magnitude. TD-DFT calculation were used for the first time to correlate electronic structure changes with the substitution patterns, with good agreement between calculated and theoretical band positions and oscillator strengths. Both n-pi* and pi-pi* states in these compounds are predicted, with the oscillator strengths indicating that only the pi-pi* states should be observable in the absorption spectra. Substitution patterns are shown to be responsible for energy order inversion between these states.     

国外超导材料技术研究政策和方向

超导材料技术是21世纪具有战略意义的高新技术,极具发展潜力和市场前景。世界各发达国家纷纷制定研发计划,给予高度重视和大力支持,加快超导材料技术的基础研究和产业化发展。主要从美国、日本、欧洲国家、韩国等国家的相关研发计划、政策以及主要科研机构的研发概况出发,阐明目前国外超导材料技术的研究政策和方向。     

Nano and micro-scale fluid and plasma dynamics: present and future applications

In this letter, we illustrate the importance of fluid dynamics research by considering two particular areas of study: nano- and micro-scale fluid and plasma dynamics. We show how improved scientific knowledge of nano- and micro-fluid dynamics can significantly enhance our future. Application is also discussed regarding environmental aspects.     

黑克、布劳、及伯曼-温采尔代数的诱导及分导系数和量子经典李代数的耦合与重新耦合系数

本文总结了计算黑克、布劳、及伯曼 温采尔代数在各种工数链下诱导及分导系数的线性方程方法(LEM)。特别强调了关于A,B,C,D型李代数及其量子情形与其中心代数之间的舒尔 魏尔 布劳双关性关系。这一关系使我们能够利用相应中心代数的诱导及分导系数计算出经典李代数及其量子情形的耦合与重新耦合系数。讨论了从该方法得到B,C,D型李代数不可约表示克罗内克积分解的应用。基于LEM还得到了处理对应于置换群CG系列问题的黑克代数张量积的方法。     

激光跟瞄仿真系统及两种跟瞄方法

基于OpenGL和大气传输光学分析的3维全数字仿真是激光跟瞄系统的重要研究手段。为提高跟踪和瞄准精度,从激光跟瞄仿真系统整体出发,研究了目标成像中的投影变换、成像与跟踪的关系、高精度跟踪现有算法的控制过程仿真等内容,并提出了基于大视口、目标大气传输图像序列的跟瞄仿真技术。说明了仿真系统中跟瞄精度分析的特点。就某仿真场景,设计了"头部顶点"和"两点提取"两种跟瞄方法,在不同大气湍流条件下得到了它们的跟瞄精度,说明应用该激光跟瞄仿真系统,能够预先设计、测试和验证一些跟瞄方法,帮助进行算法分析和改进,从而提高工作效率和节约成本。     

Nylon and nylon blend nanotubes and nanorods

Nylon nanorods and nanotubes (200 nm diameter) were fabricated by the membrane wetting technique (solvent and melt wetting) from a range of nylons (6; 6,6; 6,9; 6,10; 6,12; 11; 12, 6(3)T) and nylon blended with different dyes (Nylon Cast Blue, Nylon 6/6 Black) or with molybdenum disulfide (Nylon cast MDS). The 65-μm long nylon nanotubes and nanorods were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The nanoscale nylon 6,6 served as an effective high surface area alternative to a nylon membrane as a solid support in a chemiluminescent assay for nylon-bound biotinylated nucleic acids based on streptavidin- alkaline phosphatase and chemiluminescent detection of the bound alkaline phosphatase label with the dioxetane substrate, CDP-Star. Layer-by-layer deposition of the cationic polymer (Sapphire-II™; Tropix) onto the nylon 6,6 nanostructures prior to UV-cross-linking with biotinylated DNA resulted in further enhancement of binding and detection of biotinylated DNA.