BaCe0.5Zr0.4Y0.1O3-α的溶胶-凝胶法制备及其电性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法, 以低于固相合成法150～250 ℃的温度进行烧结, 分别制备了BaCe0.9Y0.1O3-α和BaCe0.5Zr0.4Y0.1O3-α固体电解质. 应用AUTOLAB PGSTA 30型电化学工作站测定了两种电解质在不同温度下的阻抗谱, 在350～800 ℃范围内电导率分别为1.62×10-4～6.43×10-3 S·cm-1, 2.52×10-5～3.73×10-3 S·cm-1, 电导激活能分别为0.54和0.84 eV. 同时用高温固相合成法合成了BaCe0.9Y0.1O3-α质子导体, 在相同条件下其电导率为1×10-4～4×10-3 S·cm-1, 激活能为0.50 eV. 实验结果表明 用溶胶-凝胶法得到的材料在烧结温度低于固相合成法150～250 ℃的情况下, 制备出的样品电导率高;对于同一质子导体BaCe0.9Y0.1O3-α, 用Zr代替部分Ce, 固体电解质的电导率明显降低.     

BaCe0.5Zr0.4La0.1O3－α陶瓷的制备及其电性能

以高温固相反应法合成了BaCe0.5Zr0.4La0.1O3－α陶瓷. 粉末XRD结果表明, 该陶瓷材料为单一钙钛矿型BaCeO3斜方晶结构, 在高温下、CO2或水蒸气气氛中具有较高的稳定性. 以陶瓷材料为固体电解质、多孔性铂为电极, 用交流阻抗谱技术测定了材料在500～900 ℃下, 不同气体气氛中的电导率; 用气体浓差电池方法测定了材料在干燥空气、湿润空气和湿润氢气气氛中的离子迁移数, 研究了材料的离子导电特性. 结果表明, 在500～900 ℃下, 干燥或湿润的气体气氛中, 随着温度升高和氧分压增大, 材料的电导率均增大. 在干燥空气中, 陶瓷材料的氧离子迁移数为0.685～0.147, 是一个氧离子与电子空穴的混合导体. 在湿润空气中, 陶瓷材料的质子迁移数为0.001～0.006, 氧离子迁移数为0.618～0.164, 是一个质子、氧离子和电子空穴的混合导体. 在湿润氢气中, 500～700 ℃温度范围内, 陶瓷材料的质子迁移数为1, 是一个纯的质子导体; 而在800～900 ℃温度范围内, 陶瓷材料的质子迁移数为0.957～0.954, 是一个质子与电子的混合导体, 质子电导占主导.     

A novel anode supported BaCe0.7Ta0.1Y0.2O3−δ electrolyte membrane for proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cell

A novel composition of BaCe_0.7Ta_0.1Y_0.2O_3−δ (BCTY10) electrolyte membrane was successfully fabricated on porous NiO-BCTY10 anode substrate. The anode was prepared through a route combining a solid state reaction and a wet chemical method. After sintering at 1450 °C for 5 h, the BCTY10 membrane showed adequate chemical stability against CO₂ and H₂O. With a mixture of La_0.7Sr_0.3FeO_3−δ (LSF) and BaCe_0.7Zr_0.1Y_0.2O_3−δ (BZCY7) as cathode, a single fuel cell with 25 μm thick BCTY10 electrolyte generated maximum power densities of 195, 137, 84, 44 mW/cm² at 700, 650, 600 and 550 °C, respectively. The interface resistance of the cell under open circuit condition was also investigated.     

Ni-BaCe0.6Zr0.2Nd0.2O3-δ金属陶瓷双相膜的氢渗透性与稳定性

制备了金属陶瓷双柏Ni-BaCe0.6Zr0.2Nd0.2O3-δ膜,并将其用丁从含氢混合气巾分离氧气,研究了该膜在不同条件下的透氢性能以及膜片在CO2与H2O存在条什卜的透氢稳定性.结果表明,膜片的透氧最随着温度的升高而提高.当使用含3%H2O的原料气时,膜片透氢量是其在干燥气氛时的2～5倍;在900℃,原料气为潮湿80%H2/He的条件卜,膜片的透氢量达到0.073cm3/(min cm2).膜片在含有30%CO2的混合气巾,经100 h寿命实验后,仍然保持较高的渗透稳定性.这些结果表明该双相膜在分离CO2和H2混合气中具有很好的应用前景.     

BaCe0.9Y0.1O3-α固体电解质的离子导电性

用交流复阴抗谱法测定了混合离子(质子+氧离子)导电性固体电解质BaCe0.9Y0.1O3-α在600～1000℃下不同气氛(干燥空气、湿润空气及湿润氢气)中的电导率;通过测定总电导率(离子电导率+电子电导率)随气氛中氧分压po2变化,求得离子电导率和离子迁移数;用氢浓差电池方法测得氢气中的质子迁移数。结果表明,BaCe0.9Y0.1O3-α固体电解质在氧分压<10Pa的气氛(如氢气)中几乎为纯离子导体,而在氧分压为10～10^5Pa的气氛(如空气)中为离子和电子空穴混合导体;样品在各气氛中的离子电导率均高于10^-2S·cm^-1。     

多层膜结构BaCe0.9Nd0.1O3-δ的制备及其在常压合成氨中的应用

用干压法制备了Ni-BaCe0.9Nd01O3-δ多孔金属陶瓷阳极,并在阳极基膜上制备出致密的BaCe0.9Nd0.1O3-δ固体电解质薄膜.薄膜的厚度约为40 μm,致密均匀.测定了多层膜结构BaCe0.9Nd0.1O3-δ在干燥氮气/湿润氢气气氛中的电导率,结果表明其电导率要比厚膜BaCe0.9Nd0.1O3-δ和SrCe0.95Y0.05O3-δ(SCY)要高.将多层膜材料用于固态质子传导电池中,在常压下以氮气和氢气为原料合成了氨气.结果表明,与SCY固体电解质比较,氨的产率提高了一个数量级以上.     

Preliminary Study on Hydrogen Permeation and Stability of BaCe0.90Y0.10O3-δ Membrane under Asymmetric Atm osphere

High-temperature proton conductors (HTPC) have been extensively studied since I wahara et al?1? reported protonic conduction in SrCeO3-based oxid es. Later, the BaCeO3-based oxides, such as BaCe0.90Yb0.10O3- d (BCYb10) and BaCe0.90Y0.10-O3-d (BCY10), we re fou nd to show higher conductivity?2?. High electronic and protonic conducti vity makes BCY10 a potential membrane for hydrogen separation?3?. Thin f ilms with high density, most probably made by sequential coating on porous subst rates, are imperative in order to promote hydrogen permeation flux?4?. T his makes it more necessary for such membranes to be kept stable and unspoilt un der asymmetric hydrogen-permeation atmosphere at elevated temperatures. In this paper, the stability and hydrogen permeation ability of BCY10 membrane are stud ied by XRD, SEM, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, H2-TPR process and hydrogen permeation experiment. The results showed that hydrogen cannot permeate through the BCY10 membrane without surface modification, and its surface cannot keep a uniform perovskite structure in the asymmetric atmosphere.     

Mixed Conduction in BaCe0.8Pr0.2O3-α Ceramic

BaCe0.8Pr0.2O3-α ceramic was synthesized by high temperature solid-state reaction. The structural characteristics and the phase purity of the crystal were determined using powder X-ray diffraction analysis. By using the methods of AC impedance spectroscopy, gas concentration cell and electrochemical pumping of hydrogen, the conductivity and ionic transport number of BaCe0.8Pr0.2O3-α were measured, and the electrical conduction behavior of the material was investigated in different gases in the temperature range of 500-900 ffiC. The results indicate that the material was of a single perovskite-type orthorhombic phase. From 500 ffiC to 900 ffiC, electronic-hole conduction was dominant in dry and wet oxygen, air or nitrogen, and the total conductivity of the material increased slightly with increasing oxygen partial pressure in the oxygen partial pressure range studied. Ionic conduction was dominant in wet hydrogen, and the total conductivity was about one or two orders of magnitude higher than that in hydrogen-free atmosphere (oxygen, air or nitrogen).     

Electrical conductivity and defect equilibria of Pr0.1Ce0.9O(2-δ)

Praseodymium-cerium oxide (PCO) solid solutions exhibit mixed ionic electronic conductivity (MIEC) behavior in a relatively high and readily accessible oxygen partial pressure (P(O(2))) regime and as such serve as a model system for investigating the correlation between thermodynamic and kinetic properties and performance figures of merit in the areas of high temperature energy conversion, automotive control, and gas sensing applications. In this paper, we present measurements on the non-stoichiometry of Pr(0.1)Ce(0.9)O(2-δ) and develop a defect equilibria model to predict the dependence of the concentration of all the dominant charge carriers on temperature, P(O(2)), and Pr fraction. The predictive model is then employed to describe the measured electrical conductivity and oxygen nonstoichiometry whereby pre-exponentials and enthalpies of defect formation and migration are extracted.     

Oxygen permeation and stability of Zr0.8Y0.2O0.9‒La0.8Sr0.2CrO3-δ dual-phase composite

A tubular membrane made of Zr_0.8Y_0.2O_1.9 (60 vol%) and was prepared by a standard ceramic process. Oxygen permeation through the membrane tube was examined by exposing its outer shell to air and sweeping its inner wall with pure helium or CO balanced with helium. An oxygen flux of 9.2×10⁻⁹ mol cm⁻² s⁻¹ was measured at 950°C under air/He gradient, and a larger flux of 3.2×10⁻⁸ mol cm⁻² s⁻¹ at 930°C under air/CO gradient. The membrane tube was found to exhibit excellent stability under highly reducing atmosphere and elevated temperatures. The oxygen permeation rate is likely to be increased through the modification of the surface and reduction of the membrane thickness.     

Evaluation of kinetic stability against CO2 and conducting property of BaCe0.9−xZrxY0.1O3−δ

In order to prepare high proton conducting oxide with high chemical stability against CO₂ at 600–800 °C, preparation of BaCe_0.9?xZr_xY_0.1O_3?δ was examined. Almost single-phase could be prepared for the specimens with x = 0.0–0.2 by Pechini method. Reaction kinetics between BaCe_0.9?xZr_xY_0.1O_3?δ and CO₂ could be explained by Jander model. With increasing Zr content up to 0.2, apparent rate constant determined from Jander plot decreased by about one order, showing improvement of kinetic stability against CO₂. It was also clarified that influence of partial Zr substitution on electrical property was slight, leading to the conclusion that BaCe_0.7Zr_0.2Y_0.1O_3?δ exhibited both high kinetic stability against CO₂ and relatively high proton conduction.     

Preparation and hydrogen permeation properties of BaCe0.95Nd0.0503-δ membranes

Dense mixed proton and electron conducting membrane made of BaCe0.95Nd0.05O3-δ(BCNd5)was prepared by pressing followed by sintering.X-ray diffraction(XRD)was used to characterize the phase structure of both the powder and the sintered membranes.The microstructure of the sintered membranes was studied by scanning electron microscopy(SEM).Hydrogen permeation through the BCNd5 membrane was studied using a high temperature permeator.The hydrogen permeation fluxes under wet conditions are higher than those under dry conditions,which is due to H hopping via surface OH groups.At 925℃,a hydrogen permeation flux of 0.02 mL/min cm2 was obtained under wet condition.which recommends BCNd5 as a potential material for hydrogen-selective membranes.     

Effect of Transition Metals (Cu, Co and Fe) on the Autothermal Reforming of Methane over Ni/Ce0.2Zr0.1Al0.7Oδ Catalyst

The transition metals (Cu, Co, and Fe) were applied to modify Ni/Ce0.2Zr0.1 Al0.7Oδcatalyst. The effects of transition metals on the catalytic properties of Ni/Ce0.2Zr0.1 Al0.7Oδautothermal reforming of methane were investigated. The Ni-supported catalysts were characterized by XRD, TPR and XPS. Tests in autothermal reforming of methane to hydrogen showed that the addition of transition metals (Cu and Co) significantly increased the activity of catalyst under the conditions of lower reaction temperature, and Ni/Cu0.05Ce0.2Zr0.1Al0.65Oδwas found to have the highest conversion of CH4 among all catalysts in the operation temperatures ranging from 923 K to 1023 K. TPR, XRD and XPS measurements indicated that the cubic phases of CexZr1-xO2 solid solution were formed in the preparation process of catalysts. Strong interaction was found to exist between NiO and CexZr1-xO2 solid solution. The addition of Cu improved the dispersion of NiO, inhibited the formation of NiAl2O4, and thus significantly promoted the activity of the catalyst Ni/Cu0.05Ce0.2Zr0.1Al0.65Oδ.     

固相反应合成Ba1.0Co0.7Fe0.2Nb0.1O3-δ的动力学

依据新的固相反应模型, 采用非等温热重和差示扫描量热法研究了由BaCO3和Co3O4、Fe2O3、Nb2O5粉末固相反应合成Ba1.0Co0.7Fe0.2Nb0.1O3-δ的动力学. 考察了高速机械搅拌方式混料和球磨方式混料对合成动力学的影响. 结果表明, 反应过程分为两个阶段: 第一阶段为BaCO3和Co3O4、Fe2O3、Nb2O5之间的加成反应;第二阶段为加成反应生成的BaCoO3、BaFeO3和BaNbO3三相之间固溶生成均相的Ba1.0Co0.7Fe0.2Nb0.1O3-δ, 此过程中伴随有氧的脱出. 应用修正的模型对实验结果进行了拟合, 实验数据和理论模型符合良好. 高速机械搅拌样品加成反应阶段的活化能为376.76 kJ·mol-1, 仅为球磨样品加成反应阶段活化能494.76 kJ·mol-1的3/4. 高速机械搅拌工艺促进了离子的扩散, 有利于后续反应的进行, 是更为有效、节能、环保的混料方式.     

Structure,chemical stability and electrical properties of BaCe0.9Y0.1O3−δ modified with V2O5

Wet vacuum impregnation method was applied in order to evaluate the possibility of the formation of the material in BaCe_0.9Y_0.1O_3?δ–V₂O₅ system. Single-phase BaCe_0.9Y_0.1O_3?δ samples, synthesised by solid-state reaction method, were impregnated with the solution of vanadium(V) oxide precursor. Multi-step, multi-cycle impregnation procedure was applied to enhance the impregnation efficiency. Partial decomposition of Y-doped BaCeO₃ in contact with the solution of the precursor, resulting in the formation of vanadium containing phases (CeVO₄ and BaV₂O₆) on the materials surface, was observed. However, the presence of vanadium was also confirmed for the inner parts of the materials. The synthesised materials were submitted for exposition test to evaluate their chemical stability towards CO₂/H₂O. All BaCe_0.9Y_0.1O₃-based materials modified by impregnation revealed higher chemical stability in comparison with single-phase un-modified BaCe_0.9Y_0.1O_3?δ, since the amount of barium carbonate formed during the exposition was significantly lower. The total electrical conductivity of the received multi-phase materials was generally slightly lower than for the reference BaCe_0.9Y_0.1O_3?δ sample, since the presence of the additional phases had a blocking effect on materials conductivity. The values of BaCeO₃ lattice parameters and the Seebeck coefficient did not show the modification of the defects structure of Y-doped BaCeO₃ during applied synthesis procedure.

     

BaCe0.5Zr0.4Y0.1O3-δ粉体的溶胶-凝胶法和高温固相法制备及性能表征

分别通过溶胶-凝胶法和高温固相反应法制备了BaCe0.5Zr0.4Y0.1O3-δ粉体.采用热重-差热分析(TG-DTA),粉末X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM),傅立叶红外衍射(FT-IR),N2吸附-脱附等方法对所制备的粉体进行了表征.结果表明:用溶胶-凝胶法在1200 ℃×10 h可以合成纯的BaCe0.5Zr0.4Y0.1O3-δ粉体,合成温度比传统的高温固相反应法降低400 ℃左右;溶胶-凝胶法合成粉体具有多孔结构特征,与固相法合成粉体相比具有较高的比表面积.但致密化试验表明:溶胶-凝胶法合成粉体与固相法合成粉体相比具有较低的烧结活性.溶胶-凝胶法合成粉体颗粒表面残余的有机基团和颗粒内部的大量微孔将在致密化过程中产生空间位阻,从而影响高温下原子的迁移,阻碍材料的致密化过程.     

Nd0.6-xBaxSr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ-30％Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95复合阴极的性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了Nd0.6-xBaxSr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ(NBSCF)阴极粉体和Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95(GDC)电解质粉体.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、电子能谱仪(XPS)分别对NBSCF的结构及其与GDC的化学相容性、NBSCF表面的化学状态进行表征.用直流四端子法和交流阻抗谱法分别测...     

Transport numbers of H+ and O2- in the electrochemical system (H2 + H2O),Me/BaCe0.9Nd0.1O3-α/Me,(H2 + H2O)

In the temperature range 873–1123 K, transport numbers of oxygen ions and protons are determined in the system (H₂ + H₂O), Me/BaCe_0.9Nd_0.1O_3-α/Me,(H₂ + H₂O), where Me = Ag, Au, Pt, Ni, by the emf and current methods. The determined transport numbers are independent of the determination method, the electrode material, the current direction (anodic and cathodic polarization of the electrode), polarizability of electrodes, and the partial water (hydrogen) pressure in the gas phase. This unambiguously suggests that the transport numbers refer to the solid electrolyte, and not the electrochemical system as a whole. It also follows that partial currents of the hydrogen ionization and the oxygen ion discharge are determined by the transport numbers of protons and oxygen ions in the electrolyte. At a constant temperature, their ratio is affected by neither the electrode potential nor the gas phase composition, i.e., both electrode reactions have a common limiting step (or steps). Deceased.     

Transport and electrocatalytic properties of La0.3Sr0.7Co0.8Ga0.2O3−δ membranes

Incorporation of gallium into the perovskite lattice of La_0.3Sr_0.7CoO_3– leads to increasing unit cell volume and to decreasing thermal expansion, total conductivity and oxygen permeability. At 973–1223 K, the oxygen permeation fluxes through La_0.3Sr_0.7Co_0.8Ga_0.2O_3– ceramics with 96.5% density are determined by the bulk ionic conduction and surface exchange rates. The total conductivity of La_0.3Sr_0.7Co_0.8Ga_0.2O_3–, predominantly p-type electronic, exhibits an apparent pseudometallic behavior due to oxygen losses on heating, whereas the p(O₂) dependencies of the conductivity and Seebeck coefficient suggest a small-polaron mechanism of hole transport. The average thermal expansion coefficients in air are 15.9×10^–6 K^–1 at 360–710 K and 27.9×10^–6 K^–1 at 710–1030 K. On decreasing oxygen pressure down to 4–30 Pa at 973–1223 K, perovskite-type La_0.3Sr_0.7Co_0.8Ga_0.2O_3– transforms into a brownmillerite-like modification, whose electrical properties are essentially p(O₂) independent. Further reduction results in the decomposition of the brownmillerite into a multiphase oxide mixture at p(O₂)=8×10^–10–3×10^–4 Pa, and then in the segregation of metallic cobalt. Due to surface-limited oxygen transport, La_0.3Sr_0.7Co_0.8Ga_0.2O_3– membranes are, however, kinetically stable under an air/CH₄ gradient up to 1223 K. The conversion of dry methane in model membrane reactors increases with oxygen permeation flux and temperature, but yields high CO₂ concentrations (>90%), indicating a dominant role of complete CH₄ oxidation on the membrane surface.     

Synthesis and Electrochemical Property of Calcium Doped LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 Solid Solution

Today, batteries with high capacity, good cyclability, long life and environmental goodness are much required to meet some pressing demands of our modern society. In principle, lithium ion cells can satisfy these requirements1. But the properties of the cathode materials have limited the further development of the lithium ion cells. The studied cathode materials before were mainly LiCoO2, LiMn2O4, LiNiO2. The LiCoO2 has disadvantages including cost and environmental risk although it is…