包络调制率和载波频率对听觉时间调制检测能力的影响

通过心理物理实验探讨了包络调制率(<300 Hz)和纯音载波频率(<8 kHz)对听觉时间调制检测能力的影响. 测试信号为以纯音为载波的正弦幅度调制信号, 采用二选一强迫选择法和自适应调整步长的心理物理实验方法, 测试得到不同载波频率条件下的时间调制传递函数. 实验结果表明, 包络调制率和载波频率均会对听觉的时间调制检测能力产生影响. 当载波频率低于2 kHz时, 人耳的检测能力与调制率呈单调递增趋势;当载波频率高于3.5 kHz时, 检测能力也会受到调制率的显著影响, 但没有显著的单调变化趋势. 当调制率在10-100 Hz之间时, 检测能力不随载波频率明显变化;当调制率在150-300 Hz之间时, 调制检测能力随着载波频率上升而下降, 在载波频率达到3.5 kHz时, 调制检测能力不随载波频率显著改变.     

用1/3倍频程滤波器作精密频率测量

这里我们提出一种“邻带差值法”,利用三个滤波器电压输出差值,以较精确地测量信号频率.这种方法不但可以较精确地测量稳定纯音,也可以测量复杂周期信号的基频,并对时间变化有较好的分辨能力.当电庄读数精度为1分贝时,测量频率精度优于0.4%(频率). 在对各种信号进行频率分析时,经常会遇到在频率维和时间维上的要求相互矛盾:要准确测定频率,便不能准确测定时间;而要准确测定时间,又不能准确测定频率.特别是常用的频率分析设备多半是由通带较宽的滤波器组成的,如在声学测量中常用1/3或1/1倍频程滤波器.利用这样的滤波器对离散频谱(如语音)进行…     

头相关传输函数幅度谱的听觉空间分辨阈值的分析

提出一种分析头相关传输函数(head-related transfer function,HRTF)幅度谱的听觉空间分辨阈值模型。采用数值计算得到的高空间分辨率HRTF数据,计算了声源空间位置变化引起的HRTF幅度谱的变化,进一步利用Moore响度模型分析双耳响度级差、双耳响度级谱和总响度级等三个听觉感知量的变化。根据现有的3个听觉感知量最小可察觉差异,模型利用双耳响度级差和双耳响度级谱的变化得到的估计结果与心理声学实验一致,因此是一种有效预测听觉空间分辨阈值的方法,可用于为简化虚拟听觉信号处理和数据储存。      

头相关传输函数幅度谱的听觉空间分辨阈值的分析

提出一种分析头相关传输函数(head-related transfer function,HRTF)幅度谱的听觉空间分辨阈值模型。采用数值计算得到的高空间分辨率HRTF数据,计算了声源空间位置变化引起的HRTF幅度谱的变化,进一步利用Moore响度模型分析双耳响度级差、双耳响度级谱和总响度级等三个听觉感知量的变化。根据现有的3个听觉感知量最小可察觉差异,模型利用双耳响度级差和双耳响度级谱的变化得到的估计结果与心理声学实验一致,因此是一种有效预测听觉空间分辨阈值的方法,可用于为简化虚拟听觉信号处理和数据储存。     

水下无源声呐目标听觉域张量特征提取方法

特征提取是水下无源声呐目标分类识别的关键步骤,提出了一种基于听觉Patterson-Holdsworth耳蜗模型的听觉域张量特征提取方法。将耳蜗模型的滤波器冲激响应视为信号分解的基函数,根据听觉模型非线性尺度或常规线性尺度确定不同通道的中心频率,然后计算出相应通道的增益和带宽,并量化冲激响应的阶数和相位参数,得到信号分解基,再根据信号分解原理得到通道数×阶数×相位数的三阶张量特征,并通过计算测试样本张量特征与训练样本张量特征间的相似性实现了水下无源声呐目标的分类识别。海上实录无源声呐目标的分类识别实验表明,提取的张量特征具有比较好的分类识别性能,听觉模型等效矩形带宽尺度优于线性尺度划分中心频率,能够提高无源声呐的目标指示能力。      

水中目标窄带噪声识别的听觉外周模型

为解决听觉外周模型特征在具有工程背景的水中目标声信号分类研究中识别率下降问题,提出了一种外周模型Gammatone滤波器组修正方法,获得的窄带噪声特征可明显提高水中目标识别性能。首先,分析了识别率下降原因,发现声学工程应用中多通道数据采集,导致信号频率范围变窄,而引起声信号的时频特征发生变化。其次,根据听觉模型用Gammatone滤波器组模拟人耳基底膜频率分解特性、低频信息包含水中目标噪声信号的重要类别特征,对原有的听觉模型特征进行插值,对滤波器组的通道数与中心频率进行适应性修正,得到目标噪声在较窄频带的27维特征,修正后的模型能够更精细地反映出目标时频特性。最后,采用神经网络分类器进行实验。结果表明,修正后的听觉模型保留了原较宽频带特征的主要信息,而且进一步提高了对实际目标的分类能力,识别率由原来的82.59%提高到88.80%。本文提出根据工程应用平台的有效接收频带优化听觉外周模型Gammatone滤波器组的设计,采用阵元级的多通道数据进行分析,侧重于工程应用,解决了多通道数据采集中,由于频带变窄,导致信号的特征信息量下降,进而引起声特征识别性能下降的问题,修正后的听觉模型特征,有效地提高水中目标辐射噪声的识别效果。本文对从事无源声呐目标识别、有源声呐目标识别、带宽受限的多通道声数据采集的时频特性分析研究人员具有一定的参考价值。      

听觉模型输出谱特征在声目标识别中的应用

利用模拟人耳声信号处理过程的CcGC滤波器组模型,研究了听觉特征应用于声目标识别相比传统特征的优势。结果表明:当信号的信噪比下降时,听觉特征逐渐表现出更好的性能,体现了听觉系统优异的抗噪声能力。随后,本文从CcGC滤波器组模型所反映的听觉系统四个主要特性入手,通过仿真实验研究了耳蜗抑制噪声的机理,结果表明听觉系统的临界带划分和非线性压缩在耳蜗抑制噪声中起着关键的作用。      

基于样本熵的听觉神经锁相机理的实验分析

锁相是指系统的响应与周期性刺激的特定相位同步的物理现象. 听觉神经的锁相对揭示人的听觉认知基本的神经机理及改善听觉感知有重要意义. 然而, 现有研究主要集中于心理物理方法和幅度谱分析, 不能有效区分包络响应和时域细节结构响应, 不能直观反映神经锁相. 本文主要利用拔靴法和离散傅里叶变换, 提出了基于样本熵的时域细节结构频率跟随响应(temporal-fine-structure-related frequency following response, FFR_T)的神经锁相值(phase locking value, PLV)计算方法, 用于分析神经物理实验数据. 两个脑电实验结果表明: FFR_T的PLV样本熵显著大于包络相关频率跟随响应(envelope-related frequency following response, FFR_E)的PLV, 且二者正交独立, 新方法能有效地分别反映听觉系统对包络和时间细节结构的锁相机理; 基频处的响应主要来源于FFR_E的锁相; 基频处, 不可分辨谐波成分包络的锁相能力优于对可分辨谐波; 基频缺失时, 畸变产物是不同的听觉神经通路的FFR_E的混合; 谐波处, FFR_E 集中于低频, FFR_T则集中于中、高频; 听觉神经元锁相能力与声源的频率可分辨性相关. FFR_T的PLV方法克服了现有FFR分析的局限性, 可用于深入研究听觉神经机理.     

三区振幅型三维超分辨光瞳滤波器的优化设计

光瞳滤波器是光学成像系统实现超分辨的基本元件之一，多数三维超分辨滤波器因结构复杂而难于实现。用MATLAB优化工具箱，采用非线性规划，对三区振幅型（1-0—1型）光瞳滤波器进行了三维超分辨优化设计。建立了优化模型，并给出了优化实例。结果表明所设计的滤波器较好地实现了横向和轴向三维超分辨，且轴向超分辨能力优于横向。该滤波器结构简单，容易实现。     

三区振幅型超分辨光瞳滤波器的设计

提出运用非线性规划及目标规划法,在给定斯特雷耳比S(超分辨模型和艾里模型主瓣最大亮度比)的条件下,设计出使成像系统的横向、轴向及三维分辨率分别达到最大值的环形振幅型超分辨光瞳滤波器。给出超分辨优化设计模型和实例,并作图验证其结果。对超分辨率伴随的旁瓣效应,把滤波器应用于共焦扫描系统,可有效地抑制旁瓣,提高成像信噪比和对比度。此方案用于三区以上振幅型超分辨滤波器及环形纯相位超分辨光瞳滤波器的设计,为超分辨滤波器的设计提供了参考。     

关于"太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系"的讨论

讨论了银道面内的引力场强分布和太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系，指出引力场强g并不是与r的平方成反比，这是由于银河系的大小和形状不能忽略造成的．强调了万有引力定律的适用条件．     

On the predictability of the positions of the convergence zones in the ocean

The disagreement between the experimental and calculated positions of the first convergence zone are known from many publications. The most probable cause for such a disagreement, namely, the incorrect specification of the input data for the calculations, is considered. The lack of simultaneity between the hydrological surveys of the region and the acoustic experiments is emphasized. The experimental data obtained by the author in five ocean regions are presented. These data characterize the diurnal variability of the distance from the source to the nearest boundary of the convergence zone. The relations proposed by different researchers for calculating the sound speed from the temperature, salinity, and hydrostatic pressure are analyzed. It is shown that these relations lead to a substantial difference in the estimated depth dependence of the hydrostatic gradient of the sound speed. The position of the first convergence zone is calculated for the propagation conditions determined by vertical temperature and salinity profiles with the subsequent recalculation of these profiles into sound speed profiles by using eight different formulas known from the literature. It is shown that different formulas lead to different values of the distance to the first zone; this difference is substantially greater than that between the calculations and experiment. The necessity of improving the recalculation relations in view of the experimental data on sound propagation in natural oceanic waveguides, including the data on the actual positions of the convergence zones, is emphasized.     

On the calculation of the bremsstrahlung in the region of the plasma frequency

On the basis of the classical theory of radiation produced in incomplete Coulomb interaction, a formula is derived for the coefficient of the bremsstrahlung of fully ionized plasma. In the region of rectilinear approximation a comparison is made with the results of the quantum formula derived from the Born approximation. Furthermore, the influence of dispersion upon the emission coefficient is taken into account; some relations for the region of dispersion are given.     

Dependence of the Intensity of the Spectral Lines and the Composition of the Sample and the Plasma Parameters of the Unipolar Arc

The investigation was made of the dependence of the intensity of Tl, Ga, Mo, Mg, Mn, Sn, Bi, Ni, Zn, Pt and Au spectral lines and the plasma parameters (temperature T, electron concentration n_e, degree of 6 ionnization α) from concentration of lithium additive.     

Extracting the wavefunction of the LSP at the LHC

We consider associated production of squarks and gluinos with the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP), or states nearly degenerate in mass with it. Though sub-dominant to pair production of color SU(3)-charged superpartners, these processes are directly sensitive to the wavefunction composition of the lightest neutralinos. Exploiting event-shape variables - including some introduced here for the first time - we are able to identify the composition of the LSP by selecting events involving a single high-pT jet recoiling against missing transverse energy. We illustrate the proposed technique on a set of benchmark cases and propose methods for applying these results in more realistic experimental environments.     

Set the controls for the heart of the Sun

In this paper we describe experiments conducted with high-power lasers that are attempting to replicate, for a very short time and in miniature, conditions found in the Sun. Experiments to date have reached conditions in the outer part of the Sun. To reach the Sun's centre requires compression of material to very much greater than solid density and heating to over ten million degrees. To achieve this, a new class of experiments and a new generation of high-power lasers are required.     

On the Question of the Source of the Apokamp

Technical Physics - The object of this work is the apokamp—a new type of plasma jet, which is formed from a bright offshoot emerging at the bending point of a channel of a high-voltage...