诱发性耳声发射阈同行为反应阈及听觉脑干反应阈间的相关性

本工作以疏波短声作为刺激声在35位受试者(58耳)分别测出诱发性耳声发射(EOAE)、行为反应(BR)及听觉脑干反应(ABR)的阈值.闭值的主要分布范围:EOAE为10-45dB(nHL),占总数的86%;为10-25dB,占88%;ABR为10-35dB,亦占88%.所有受试耳的三种阈值的相关系数r:EOAE-BR为0.415(p<0.002).EOAE-ABR为0.501(p<0.001),ABR-BR为0.702(p<0.001),均呈显著相关.若仅取BR、ABR或EOAE阈值≥25dB的耳作统计,则EOAE-BR间的r只有0.176及0.292;EOAE-ABR的r只有0.310及0.300,无相关(p0.05),而ABR-BR间的r仍有0.533及0.720,(p<0.05),这些结果表明EOAE与听阈之间只有在后者正常或稍升高时才有一定的相关,当听阈上升较多时相关即不存在.EOAE可以作为听力学检查的一种辅助方法,但不能用它推算听阈.     

水力学听觉学说的计算和讨论

在1898年,M.F.Meyer提出了水力学的听觉学说。这个学说是以耳蜗间隔假设具有较简单的性质为依据的.M.F.Meyer认为,间隔的性质类似皮革,疏松地支撑在前庭阶和鼓阶之间。在侧向位移小时,它对这种位移几乎没有阻力,但一大,阻力就迅速增加。这就是说,间隔可以认为具有极强的非线性劲度,振幅     

纯音信号的响度与响度差阈的关系

关于响度与响度差阈关系的己有假设总是不能很好地解释心理声学的实验结果,这些假设也不曾对响度的编码和判断的物理过程以及物理过程与心理反映间的联系作过明确的描述。本文基于信号检测理论和关于响度编码的两个假设:响度是一定时间T内的听神经电冲动的记数、稳态纯音激励的神经电冲动速率的时间分布是一个平稳的正态随机分布,得出纯音信号的响度差阈与响度的比与强度无关。这一关系很好地解释了纯音信号强度差阈测试的实验结果,尤其是以前难以解释的Weber比的中部突起、near miss to Weber's law。     

纯音段的强度差阈与强度的关系

为研究不同持续时间纯音信号的强度差阈与强度的关系,采用计算机控制D/A合成在开始、结束处没有在传统测试中普遍存在的倾斜的上升沿和下降沿的测听信号,对持续时间为1ms、10ms、100ms、1000ms、5000ms、10000ms的1kHz纯音在声压为20dB、30dB、40dB、50dB、60dB、70dB、80dB、90dB、100dB时的强度差阈进行了测量,测试方式为2AFC。所得Weber比随强度的变化趋势与Riesz的纯音调制测试结果及饱和内部泊松噪声理论的预期有很大差别。所得不同持续时间信号的Weber比随强度的变化趋势相似,只是Weber比随信号持续时间增加而减小,随着信号持续时间的增加Weber比随强度的变化曲线趋于相同。这表明脉冲段比较法所得结果与Riesz的纯音调制测试结果及饱和内部泊松噪声理论的预期之间存在差别并不是因为脉冲段比较法采用长度有限的测听信号,并可能为听觉机制的研究提供了新线索。     

人听觉辨别阈和听阈的加龄变化

测定了不同年龄无耳病史受试者对重复短声的频率辨别阈(△f)、相位别阈(△φ)、强度辨别阈(△I)及对不同频率纯音的听阈(HT),分析了△f、△φ、△I及HT与年龄的关系。所选受试者年龄范围为17-67岁,重复短声的基准频率为500pps,听阈测试纯青的频率范围为500-8000Hz。40岁以后△f、△φ、△I及HT的加龄变化甚为明显;40岁以前则只△φ、△I及8kHz的HT经统计处理后可看出随年龄而增大的变化.以实验结果(N=190)中50百分率的函数曲线为基础计算得各种辨别阈的加龄变化方程分别为:△f=0.0024X²-0.116X+2.116(pps),△φ=0.0010X²-0.050X+1.343(度)及△I=0.0004X²-0.0163X+0.455(dB).听阈(8kHz)的为HT=0.0424X²-2,15X+34.94(dBnHL)。     

获得高精度频率差的关键技术

在利用LC振荡电路的参数变化而引起振荡频率的变化的特性进行的多种应用测量实验中,测量结果的精度都依赖于频率差Δf=f-f0.但当电路校准后进入测量状态时,电路参数会发生改变,使初始频率f0不复存在.如何在进入测量状态后保持初始频率f0以及精确提取频率差Δf,是提高测量精度的关键.为此提出一种采用锁相环自锁定技术和频率差计的方法,可以取得较好的效果.     

用李萨如图形测频率和频率差的探讨

在用李萨如图形（以下简称图形）测频率时，一般情况下示波器上不可能出现完全稳定的图形，现就由此而引起的测频率之差等有关间题探讨如下．一、ny和nx的确定据图形测频率公式为其中fy和fx分别为加在示波器纵向和横向偏转板上的正弦电压频率．ny和nx通常分别定义为图形在y方向和x方向的切线与图形相切的切点数．如此定义的ny和nx存在两个问题：一为对有些图形ny和nx不易判定（如图1），一为ny和nx容易混淆，且难以记忆．如从李萨如图形为两个互相垂直的简谐振动的合成出发，定义ny为从图形的某一最低点（或最高点）开始沿图形轨迹一次图形…     

螽斯Gampsocleis gratiosa初级听觉神经元的频率选择特性

声音是动物交往常用的信息载体之一。动物发出的声音不仅用于种内通信,而且还有报警或攻击的作用。动物听觉必须解决的三个基本问题是:频率选择,模式识别和声方位检测。本文利用细胞内电生理记录与单细胞标记技术,揭示了螽斯初级听觉神经元声反应的频率选择特性:每个神经元具有各自特有的最佳反应频率和调谐曲线。初级听神经元轴突在前胸神经节的中枢投射为单侧的、非跨神经节的,与它们的最佳反应频率有一定的对应关系。讨论了螽斯种声识别过程中频率分析的神经机理。     

差动变量器桥式自动频率跟踪电路

本文阐述一种实用的自动频率跟踪方法——采用差动变量器的桥式目动频率跟踪电路。此方法的忧点是其对换能器电参数的补偿不只在一个频率上,而是在一个频段内。实验表明,自振系统跟踪良好;此外,文中还给出本方法在准D类开关模式功率超声振荡器中的一个应用实例。     

人耳对信号频率瞬时变化的听觉响应研究

从探讨人耳在噪声背景中听测具有复杂时间-频率结构的主动声呐信号的模型出发,研究了人耳对信号频率发生短时间变化的听觉敏感性.根据在850—1130Hz频段内的测量结果,得出了人耳听觉对频率变化响应的模糊区域由τ△F=1—2决定,这里τ是频率发生变化的时间间隔,△F为频率变化的差值.当τ△F≤1时,人耳感觉不到频率短时间的变化;当τ△F≥2时,人耳不仅能明显分辨频率发生过短时间的变化,而且能对两个频率有不同的音调感觉。     

Auditory place theory and frequency difference limen

It has been a barrier that the place code is far too coarse a mechanism to account for the finest frequency difference limen for place theory of hearing since it was proposed in 19th century. A place correlation model, which takes the energy distribution of a pure tone in neighboring bands of auditory filters into full account, was presented in this paper. The model based on the place theory and some experimental results of the psychophysical tuning curves of hearing can explain the finest difference limen for frequency (about 0.02 or 0.3% at 1000 Hz) easily. Using a standard 1/3 octave filter bank of which the relationship between the frequency of a input pure tone apart from the centre frequency of K-th filter band, Δf, and the output intensity difference between K-th and (K l)-th filters,ΔE, was established in order to show the fine frequency detection ability of the filter bank. This model can also be used to abstract the fundamental frequency of speech and to measure the frequency of pure tone precisely.     

Analysis of difference frequency generation and cascaded second-harmonic generation and difference frequency generation in lossy quasi-phase-matched semiconductor waveguides

The analytical expressions of converted wave power for difference frequency generation (DFG), cascaded second-harmonic generation and difference frequency generation (cSHG/DFG) processes have been obtained under the non-depletion approximation in lossy waveguides. It is shown that the analytical results and the numerical simulation with depletion agree very well for lossy waveguides. Employing the analytical solutions, the formulas of optimized waveguide lengths in lossy waveguides are obtained for DFG and cSHG/DFG processes. After designing an AlGaAs quasi-phase-matched ridge waveguide, we investigate and compare the characteristics of the second-order nonlinear effects with and without waveguide loss, such as conversion efficiency, conversion bandwidth, pump wavelength tolerance and temperature stability in detail.     

双耳时间差变化感知阈限与时间差和频率的关系

为探索双耳时间差(Interaural Time Difference,ITD)的感知机理,研究ITD恰可感知差异(Just Notice Difference,JND)与时间差和频率的关系。依据人耳对ITD的敏感程度的定性分析,非均匀地选取7个离散的ITD测试值,按照临界频带的划分方法将低频段划分为12个频带进行测试;采用1 up/2 down和2AFC心理学测试方法,同时采用窄带的高斯白噪声作为测试序列以避免相位混淆。测试结果表明:随频率的变化ITD的JND变化较为显著,在500 Hz左右出现极小值,两端较大;随ITD的增大,ITD的JND也相应增大。实验所得数据及结论可为多声道音频的高效压缩提供基础数据和理论支撑。      

Lateralization and frequency selectivity in normal and impaired hearing

The onset-time difference delta T required to lateralize a 30-ms bifrequency tone burst toward the leading ear was measured as a function of the frequency difference delta F between the tone in the left ear and the tone in the right ear. At center frequencies of 0.5 and 4 kHz, four normal listeners tested at 80 and 100 dB SPL had delta Ts that were relatively constant at subcritical delta Fs, but increased at delta Fs wider than a critical band. At 1 kHz, delta T increased with delta F even at subcritical delta Fs. Ten listeners with cochlear impairments were tested at 100 dB SPL. Seven had normal delta Ts at 4 kHz, despite hearing losses between 50 and 70 dB. At 0.5 and 1 kHz, mildly impaired listeners had nearly normal lateralization functions, whereas more severely imparied listeners had very large delta Ts and no frequency selectivity. These and other findings indicate that listeners even with moderate to severe hearing losses can lateralize normally on the basis of interaural differences in onset envelope, but not on the basis of temporal differences in the fine structure.     

Frequency difference limens in normal and sensorineural hearing impaired chinchillas

This study assessed normal frequency discrimination ability in the chinchilla and determined how this ability changes as a function of an experimentally induced sensorineural hearing loss. Four chinchillas were trained by the methods of positive reinforcement to report absolute thresholds and frequency difference limens (FDLs). Subjects were then treated with the aminoglycosidic antibiotic amikacin until a 30-dB hearing loss was measured at 10.0 kHz. Absolute and frequency difference thresholds were determined during and after drug treatment. When post-drug thresholds had stabilized, subjects were sacrificed and their cochleas stained, embedded in plastic, microdissected, and viewed with phase contrast microscopy to permit examination of the cochlear tissue. Post-drug data suggest that frequency discrimination at a high frequency is unaffected by a 40- to 45-dB sensorineural hearing loss, considerable hair cell damage, and the resultant disruption of the cochlear micromechanics. The data, in concert with previously published reports, suggest that FDLs may be less affected by a high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss than by a low-frequency sensorineural hearing loss.     

Tonal masking and frequency selectivity for the monaural and binaural hearing systems

A series of masking experiments was performed with the aim of comparing frequency selectivity for the monaural and binaural systems. The masking stimulus used in this study combined a sinusoid, which was gated simultaneously with the signal, with a continuous broadband noise. Signal frequency was fixed at 500 Hz. In one condition, the tonal masker and noise were interaurally in phase and the signal was phase reversed. In a second condition, noise, tonal masker, and signal were presented to one ear alone. Signal thresholds were obtained as a function of masker frequency for these two conditions. After making an appropriate selection of noise levels, masking functions for the monaural and binaural system conditions were found to agree closely except for a region about their tips where the binaural condition was more detectable. Two possible interpretations of these results are discussed. Either the monaural and binaural systems contain filters each which have similarly shaped skirts, or the frequency selectivity observed under both diotic and dichotic conditions (for large frequency separations of masker and signal) reflect the operation of a common peripheral filter.