高阶谱元区域分解算法及其在流动稳定性中的应用

以无时间分裂误差的区域分解Stokes谱元算法为基础构建整体稳定性分析方法.用Jacobian-free的Inexact-Newton-Krylov算法求解不可压缩Navier-Stokes方程的定常解,将Stokes算法的时间推进步作为Newton迭代的预处理,在此基础上采用Arnoldi方法计算大规模特征值问题,对复杂流动进行稳定性分析,该方法能统一处理定常和非定常计算,没有时间分裂误差,无需显式构造Jacobian矩阵,可以减少内存使用,降低计算量,并加速迭代收敛.对有分析解的Kovasznay流动的计算表明,高阶谱元法具有指数收敛的谱精度.对亚临界方腔对称驱动流的各种定常解的计算及其稳定性分析验证了方法的可行性.     

用DES数值模拟分离绕流中的旋涡运动

脱体涡模拟(Detached-Eddy Simulation,DES)是近年来出现的一种结合雷诺平均方法和大涡数值模拟两者优点的湍流模拟方法.采用基于Spalart-Allmaras方程模型的DES方法,数值求解Navier-Stokes方程,模拟绕流发生分离后的旋涡运动.其中空间区域离散采用有限体积法,方程空间项和时间项的数值离散分别采用Jameson中心格式和双时间步长推进方法.通过模拟圆柱绕流以及翼型失速绕流,观察到了与物理现象一致的旋涡结构,得到与实验数据相吻合的计算结果.     

水平刻槽管壁面液体升膜非线性特性研究

水平刻槽管壁面升膜流动是一种低雷诺数流,低雷诺数流动的特点是惯性力与粘性力相比可以忽略不计,因此在求解Navier-Stokes方程时,常忽略对流项进行计算.本文通过采用一种级数解法,对含有对流项的Navier-Stokes方程进行逐级求解,分析不同雷诺数下含对流项的Navier-Stokes方程对速度解的影响.     

Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性强化混合参变机理

在不同参数条件下, 计算分析了H₂O和N₂等混合物界面上激波诱导Richtmyer-Meshkov(R-M)不稳定性过程.采用有限差分方法数值求解了二维可压缩Navier-Stokes方程, 对流项以5阶特征紧致-WENO混合格式离散, 输运项以6阶对称紧致格式离散, 时间方向以3阶显式Runge-Kutta方法推进.研究表明, 界面振幅和激波强度增大, 均可增强界面附近涡量场, 强化混合.      

任意马赫数非定常流动数值模拟的统一算法

发展适用于从低速到高速任意马赫数非定常流动数值模拟的统一算法.通过引入一个伪时间导数项和一个新的预处理矩阵,得到双时间非定常预处理可压缩Navier-Stokes方程.方程的对流项采用三阶Roe通量近似差分格式离散,粘性项采用二阶中心差分格式离散.基于数值通量的线性化技术,实现伪时间步的隐式ADI-LU格式迭代,进而获得物理时间步的二阶推进精度.重点以低马赫数流动为例,求解了圆柱绕流和NACA0015翼型等速上仰动态失速问题.计算结果表明该统一算法能够较好地模拟低马赫数乃至任意马赫数非定常流动.     

ADI方法求解Navier-Stokes方程的一个改进格式

ADI方法常被用来计算不可压缩Navier-Stokes方程^[1]。在处理涡度方程的非线性项和涡度在壁面上的条件时,通常采用滞后的方法对涡度方程和流函数方程分别求解。然而,非线性项的滞后破坏了ADI方法的完全二阶精度;涡度方程和流函数方程分别求解减弱了两个方程的耦合性;涡度壁面条件的滞后则破坏了方法的完全隐式。本文在应用ADI方法求解涡度方程和流函数方程时应用了一种交替线性化的技术,对涡度方程和流函数方程耦合求解,内点和边界点上的涡度和流函数值同时求出。因此,ADI方法保持了完全的二阶精度,避免了上面所提到的问题。作者应用这一方法计算了雷诺数R_θ等于1,10,100,500,1000时的二维方腔流动(空间步长h=1/20)。计算结果表明:这一方法保持了通常ADI方法的优点,可以应用大的时间步长。最后补充计算了雷诺数R_θ=2000的二维方腔流动。     

Navier-Stokes方程的最小二乘等几何方法

基于Hermite多项式的C¹型单元构造复杂,限制了最小二乘有限元法的应用.引入高阶光滑的非均匀有理B样条作为基函数简化C¹型单元构造,提出求解黏性不可压流动Navier-Stokes方程的最小二乘等几何方法.用Newton法或Picard法对Navier-Stokes方程线性化,用线性化偏微分方程的余量定义最小二乘泛函,导出最小二乘变分方程,用NURBS构造高阶光滑的有限维空间来近似速度场和压力场.计算表明:本文方法计算的二维顶盖驱动流数值解能准确描述流动状况,计算的二维通道内圆柱绕流全局质量损失由最小二乘有限元法的6%降为0.018%,该方法可用于Navier-Stokes方程的求解,并且具有较好的质量守恒性.     

平面叶栅气动噪声的高精度谱元方法求解

本文建立了一种用于气动噪声预测的高精度三角谱元方法。结合CBS法(Characteristic-based split method)求解Navier-Stokes方程获取伪声压声源后,基于波动方程求解声传播问题。谱元法的谱收敛特性满足了气动声学问题的高精度需求,而CBS法的引入保证了高雷诺数问题的计算稳定性。通过两组基准解问题求解验证了本文方法的正确性。将本文方法应用于平面叶栅气动噪声计算,并考察了不同攻角下噪声的变化规律。研究内容为进一步探究各类流体机械的气动噪声提供了一种新的途径。     

低速流动的预处理多重网格求解

本文采用预处理的时间推进方法,求解可压形式的Euler/Navier-Stokes方程,数值模拟低马赫数范围内的无粘、粘性流动.为了进一步加速收敛,并使用了多重网格技术.计算表明预处理能够保持可压缩求解方法在高速时的收敛特征,对于低速流动计算可以加速收敛并提高精度.     

近尾迹流动的数值模拟

通过数值求解可压缩Navier-Stokes方程的方法来模拟近尾迹的分离流动。Navier-Stokes方程^[1]是利用中所给出的方法进行差分逼近的。这一方法兼备显式格式和隐式格式的优点。这是一隐式格式,因而可放松稳定性对时间步长的限制。这一格式又具有显式格式的简单性,差分方程的解可显式表达出来。求解过程中避免了通常隐式格式所要求的大量数值矩阵求逆和大量的矩阵运算。文中对不同的马赫数M_∞和雷诺数Re进行了计算。数值实验表明,本文所采用的方法是模拟底部分离流动的一个简单而有效的方法,可用来计算高马赫数和高雷诺数的分离流动。     

MODAL ANALYSIS OF ROTATING COMPOSITE CANTILEVER PLATES

A modelling method for the modal analysis of a rotating composite cantilever plate is presented in this paper. A set of linear ordinary differential equations of motion for the plate is derived by using the assumed mode method. Two in-plane stretch variables are employed and approximated to derive the equations of motion. The equations of motion include the coupling terms between the in-plane and the lateral motions as well as the motion-induced stiffness variation terms. Dimensionless parameters are identified and the explicit mass and the stiffness matrices for the modal analysis are obtained with the dimensionless parameters. The effects of the dimensionless angular velocity and the fiber orientation angles of rotating composite cantilever plates on their modal characteristics are investigated. Natural frequency loci veering and crossing along with associated mode shape variations are observed.     

Rate of Mutual Information Between Coarse-Grained Non-Markovian Variables

The problem of calculating the rate of mutual information between two coarse-grained variables that together specify a continuous time Markov process is addressed. As a main obstacle, the coarse-grained variables are in general non-Markovian, therefore, an expression for their Shannon entropy rates in terms of the stationary probability distribution is not known. A numerical method to estimate the Shannon entropy rate of continuous time hidden-Markov processes from a single time series is developed. With this method the rate of mutual information can be determined numerically. Moreover, an analytical upper bound on the rate of mutual information is calculated for a class of Markov processes for which the transition rates have a bipartite character. Our general results are illustrated with explicit calculations for four-state networks.     

Symmetry of Chaos and Order in Systems with Continuously Varying Structure of Dynamic Elements

The Fibonacci method is considered for stationary distributions. The initial postulates of this method are opposite to the postulates of statistical mechanics. The inapplicability of the hypothesis on identical dynamic particles is demonstrated on the example of the stationary state of a macromolecule in a thermostat. A new model of the stationary state of a substance is constructed based on the equality of chaos and order measures specified in terms of variables of three classes. The limiting transition from the new model to the well-known models is given. The law of evolution is expressed in terms of the symmetry of chaos and order.     

Fractional optimal control problem of a distributed system in cylindrical coordinates

In this work, Fractional Optimal Control Problem (FOCP) of a Distributed system is investigated in cylindrical coordinates. Axis-symmetry naturally arises in the problem formulation. The fractional time derivative is described in the Riemann-Liouville (RL) sense. The performance index of a FOCP is considered as a function of state and control variables and system dynamics are given as a Partial Fractional Differential Equation (PFDE). The method of separation of variables is used to find the solution of the problem. Eigenfunctions are used to eliminate the terms containing space parameters and to define the problem in terms of a set of generalized state and control variables. For numerical computations, Grünwald-Letnikov (GL) approach is used. A time-invariant example is considered to demonstrate the effectiveness of the formulation. The comparison of analytical and numerical solutions is given using simulation results and also it can be seen that analytical and numerical results converge each other. In addition, simulation results for different values of order of derivative, time discretizations and eigenfunctions are analyzed.     

Critical slowing down exponents of mode coupling theory

A method is provided to compute the exponent parameter λ yielding the dynamic exponents of critical slowing down in mode coupling theory. It is independent from the dynamic approach and based on the formulation of an effective static field theory. Expressions of λ in terms of third order coefficients of the action expansion or, equivalently, in terms of six point cumulants are provided. Applications are reported to a number of mean-field models: with hard and soft variables and both fully connected and dilute interactions. Comparisons with existing results for the Potts glass model, the random orthogonal model, hard and soft-spin Sherrington-Kirkpatrick, and p-spin models are presented.     

Separation of variables method for multilayered nonspherical particles

A separation of variables method based on expansions of the electromagnetic fields in terms of spherical wave functions is expanded at nonspherical (axisymmetric) particles with a rather large number of layers. Commonly used alternative approaches to systems of linear algebraic equations relative to unknown field expansion coefficients for layered particles are considered in some detail. The SVM code developed is compared with the EBCM, GMT and DDA codes designed for multilayered scatterers and some numerical results obtained for nonspherical scatterers with up to 100 layers are presented as illustrations.     

采用非交错网格压力修正法计算不可压及可压亚、跨、超音速流动

采用非交错网格压力修正法计算不可压及可压亚、跨、超音速流动朱斌，蔡睿贤，蒋洪德（中国科学院工程热物理研究所北京１０００８０）关键词：压力修正法，亚、跨、超音速流动一、前言源于计算不可压流动的压力修正方法，由于具有计算时间短及不受马赫数限制的优点，近年...     

Weakly nonlinear dynamics in noncanonical Hamiltonian systems with applications to fluids and plasmas

A method, called beatification, is presented for rapidly extracting weakly nonlinear Hamiltonian systems that describe the dynamics near equilibria of systems possessing Hamiltonian form in terms of noncanonical Poisson brackets. The procedure applies to systems like fluids and plasmas in terms of Eulerian variables that have such noncanonical Poisson brackets, i.e., brackets with nonstandard and possibly degenerate form. A collection of examples of both finite and infinite dimensions is presented.     

Single particle model calculations with potentials of arbitrary shapes

A technique of expanding arbitrary functions of two variables in separable terms is applied to nuclear single-particle potentials, and a method for high-speed calculation of the eigenstates of the Hamiltonian has been developed. The applicability of the scheme, for spherical as well as highly eccentric shapes. is demonstrated for a sequence of two-centered potentials.     

Reflectance of acoustic horns and solution of the inverse problem

A method is described for solving the inverse problem of determining the profile of an acoustic horn when time-domain reflectance (TDR) is known only at the entrance. The method involves recasting Webster's horn equation in terms of forward and backward propagating wave variables. An essential feature of this method is a requirement that the backward propagating wave be continuous at the wave-front at all locations beyond the entrance. Derivation of the inverse solution raises questions about the meaning of causality in the context of wave propagation in non-uniform tubes. Exact reflectance expressions are presented for infinite exponential, conical and parabolic horns based on exact solutions of the horn equation. Diameter functions obtained with the inverse solution are a good match to all three horn profiles.