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基于多个参考态更新的动力相似预报方法及应用 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
为了更有效地利用历史资料中的相似性信息提高数值模式预报水平,提出了一种新的动力相似预报方法——多参考态更新(MRSU) 法.该方法基于“更新”观点,通过引入相似更新周期(PAU)的概念,将整个预报时段按PAU分成若干小的子时段,在预报进行到PAU时重新选取多个参考态,并采用超平面近似法将相似-动力模式产生的多个预报估计成最佳预报向量,这样就形成了“选取-估计”的循环,不断重复这一过程直到完成整个时段的预报.进一步将简化的MRSU方法应用于T63全球谱模式.月预报试验结果表明,与控制试验相比,MRSU法对逐关键词:相似-动力模式参考态相似更新周期月预报 相似文献
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汛期降水相似动力预报——模式误差主分量相似预报方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对相似动力预报中模式预报误差的估计问题,提出将模式误差的直接相似订正问题转化成模式误差主分量的相似预报问题.客观上将模式误差主分量分成可预报和不可预报两部分, 对于可预报主分量采用最优多因子动态配置方案进行相似预报, 而对于不可预报部分则用系统平均代替.基于国家气候中心季节预报业务模式、 美国气候预报中心组合降雨分析资料及国家气候中心气候系统诊断预报室74项环流指数和美国国家海洋和大气管理局的40个气候指数,对东北区域汛期降水进行了预报试验. 2005—2010年6年独立样本检验预报平均距平相关系数为0.29,较系统误差订正预报的0.04有较大提高, 证实该方案能提高国家气候中心季节预报业务模式汛期降水预报水平. 相似文献
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基于季节气候可预报分量的相似误差订正方法和数值实验 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
基于由历史相似信息对模式预报误差进行预报的思路,发展了一种针对季节气候可预报分量的相似误差订正新方法(FACEPC),目的是识别模式预报结果中对初值相对不够敏感的可预报分量,将其作为对象进行历史相似选取和误差订正.该方法被应用到国家气候中心业务季节预报模式实验中,对不同区域给出有针对性的相似选取指标和预报方案.25年的交叉检验结果表明,夏季降水和环流的预报技巧评分相对于系统误差订正有明显提高,在发生中等及以上强度ENSO事件年和可预报分量贡献较大地区的预报技巧提高更为显著.特别是中国区域降水和关键区环流的关键词:短期气候预测相似误差订正可预报分量 相似文献
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An approach to estimating and extrapolating model error based on inverse problem methods:towards accurate numerical weather prediction 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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Model error is one of the key factors restricting the accuracy of numerical weather prediction(NWP). Considering the continuous evolution of the atmosphere, the observed data(ignoring the measurement error) can be viewed as a series of solutions of an accurate model governing the actual atmosphere. Model error is represented as an unknown term in the accurate model, thus NWP can be considered as an inverse problem to uncover the unknown error term. The inverse problem models can absorb long periods of observed data to generate model error correction procedures. They thus resolve the deficiency and faultiness of the NWP schemes employing only the initial-time data. In this study we construct two inverse problem models to estimate and extrapolate the time-varying and spatial-varying model errors in both the historical and forecast periods by using recent observations and analogue phenomena of the atmosphere. Numerical experiment on Burgers’ equation has illustrated the substantial forecast improvement using inverse problem algorithms. The proposed inverse problem methods of suppressing NWP errors will be useful in future high accuracy applications of NWP. 相似文献
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地震能否预报、地震预报遇到的种种困难如何克服?在思考这一问题时,不妨借助于气象预报的经验。气象预报从经验预报发展到数值预报,虽然用了约半个世纪的时间,但获得了成功。中国地震学界,对于地震预报的发展,也必须从经验预报发展为物理预报,对此几乎没有异议;但是物理预报的基本特点就是要基于定量的物理规律,进行数值预报,却鲜被提及。文章讨论了开展地震数值预报的五个主要环节的现状,认为地震数值预报现在应该提到规划的日程上来,设计我国地震数值预报的路线图,按照它的需要部署地震台站观测工作,开展地震数值预报的理论探讨。 相似文献
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四维变分资料同化仍将是未来相当长时间内业务数值天气预报中所使用的主流同化方法.针对全球数值天气预报业务系统对气象资料同化技术的需求,在WRFDA软件框架结构的基础上,发展了一个与全球谱模式配套使用的四维变分资料同化系统YH4DVAR.系统将背景场、观测处理、重力波控制和偏差订正进行综合考虑,设计了一体化目标函数,引入了小波背景场误差协方差模型,实现了增量方法以及卫星遥感资料的直接同化.单点试验表明YH4DVAR的背景场误差模型具有各向异性、垂直相关和水平相关不可分离性、以及与位置的相关等特性.从2009年7月到2010年6月的分析预报试验结果表明,由YH4DVAR和全球谱模式组成的分析预报系统在北半球和亚洲地区的可用预报时效可以达到8天以上. 相似文献
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The retrospective time integration scheme presented on the principle of the self-memory of the atmosphere is applied to the mesoscale grid model MMS,constructing a mesoscale self-memorial model SMMS, and then the shortrange prediction experiments of torrential rain are performed in this paper. Results show that in comparison with MM5 the prediction accuracy of SMM5 is obviously improved due to its utilization of multiple time level past observations,and the precipitation area and intensity predicted by SMM5 are closer to observational fields than those by MM5. 相似文献
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针对多元混沌时间序列的预测问题, 考虑到单纯改进储备池算法无法明显地提高预测精度, 提出一种基于误差补偿的时间序列混合预测模型. 实际观测的数据既包含线性特征又包含非线性特征. 首先利用自回归移动平均模型预测线性特征, 使得残差数据仅含非线性特征; 然后, 建立正则化回声状态网络模型预测; 最后, 将非线性部分的预测值与线性部分的预测值相加, 以实现高精度的多元混沌时间序列预测. 基于Lorenz和太阳黑子-黄河径流量时间序列的仿真实验验证了本文所提模型的有效性.关键词:回声状态网络混沌多元时间序列预测误差补偿 相似文献
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动态最优多因子组合的华北汛期降水模式误差估计及预报 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
利用国家气候中心季节预报1983—2009年27年模式预报结果,结合74项环流指数及美国国家海洋局和大气管理局提供的40个气候指数和美国气候预报中心实际降水分析资料,采用资料诊断分析和数值模拟实验相结合的方法,通过多因子的历史相似信息提取预报相似年,获得预报场的误差订正项.在这一订正思路的基础上,考虑前期关键影响因子的选取、多因子组合的优化配置,构建适用于不同预报年的区域动力-统计模式预报误差订正方案.以华北为例,探索多因子最优组合的多元客观相似判据,发展基于多因子动力-统计模式预报误差的动态订正新技术,改善华北夏季降水预报效果,提高预报技巧.通过2005—2009年独立样本回报结果表明,动态最优多因子组合相似订正方法距平相关系数评分相对于系统订正方法有着显著的提高,该订正方案对华北地区的夏季降水预测有着很好的业务前景,具有重要的应用价值,即将投入业务运行.关键词:关键因子集模式误差估计汛期降水预测 相似文献
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In developing countries like India, the nature of the composition of traffic is heterogeneous. A heterogeneous traffic flow consists of vehicles that have different sizes, speeds, vehicle spacing and operating characteristics. As a result of the widely varying speeds, vehicular dimensions, lack of lane disciplines, honking becomes inevitable. In addition, it changes the urban soundscape of developing countries. In heterogeneous traffic conditions, horn events increase noise level (Lden) by 0.5–13 dB(A) as compared to homogenous traffic conditions. Therefore, the traffic prediction models that are used for homogenous traffic conditions are not applicable in heterogeneous traffic conditions. To increase the accuracy of noise prediction models, in depth understanding of heterogeneous traffic noise is required. Understanding the real traffic noise characteristics requires quantification of some of the basic traffic flow characteristics such as speed, flow, Level Of Service (LOS) and density. In a given roadway, the noise level changes with density and LOS on the road. In this paper, a new factor for horn correction is introduced with respect of Level Of Service (LOS). The horn correction values can be incorporated in traffic noise models such as CRTN, FHWA, and RLS 90, while evaluating heterogeneous traffic conditions. 相似文献
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WANG Chunhai ZHANG Guoxiong 《Chinese Journal of Lasers》1999,8(1):39-44
1IntroductionSinglefrequencyinterferometerposesessomeimportantadvantages:availabilityofobtainingextremelystablefrequency,nofr... 相似文献
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We propose a method for accounting the simplest type of systematic errors in the mutually unbiased bases (MUB) tomography, emerging due to an imperfect (non-orthogonal) preparation of measurement bases. The present approach allows to analyze analytically the performance of MUB tomography in finite systems of an arbitrary (prime) dimension. We compare the estimation error appearing in such an imperfect MUB-based tomography with those intrinsically present in the framework of the symmetric informationally complete positive operator value measure (SIC-POVM) reconstruction scheme and find that MUB tomography outperforms the perfect SIC-POVM tomography including the case of strong errors. 相似文献
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Renze Dong Hongze Leng Juan Zhao Junqiang Song Shutian Liang 《Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,24(2)
The initial field has a crucial influence on numerical weather prediction (NWP). Data assimilation (DA) is a reliable method to obtain the initial field of the forecast model. At the same time, data are the carriers of information. Observational data are a concrete representation of information. DA is also the process of sorting observation data, during which entropy gradually decreases. Four-dimensional variational assimilation (4D-Var) is the most popular approach. However, due to the complexity of the physical model, the tangent linear and adjoint models, and other processes, the realization of a 4D-Var system is complicated, and the computational efficiency is expensive. Machine learning (ML) is a method of gaining simulation results by training a large amount of data. It achieves remarkable success in various applications, and operational NWP and DA are no exception. In this work, we synthesize insights and techniques from previous studies to design a pure data-driven 4D-Var implementation framework named ML-4DVAR based on the bilinear neural network (BNN). The framework replaces the traditional physical model with the BNN model for prediction. Moreover, it directly makes use of the ML model obtained from the simulation data to implement the primary process of 4D-Var, including the realization of the short-term forecast process and the tangent linear and adjoint models. We test a strong-constraint 4D-Var system with the Lorenz-96 model, and we compared the traditional 4D-Var system with ML-4DVAR. The experimental results demonstrate that the ML-4DVAR framework can achieve better assimilation results and significantly improve computational efficiency. 相似文献
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天气预报已由经验发展成物理数学理论和超级计算的复杂而严格的巨型系统工程。文章从物理学观点回顾了它的发展历程,探讨了它今后的发展,并将它拓宽到了更加巨大和复杂的气候与生态环境系统的预测和调控问题的建模,以及人工影响天气的工程理论问题。这些是跨学科的问题,需要地球科学、数学、物理学界以及化学界和生物学界共同合作研究。 相似文献
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考虑电子束横向发射度和电子β振荡,将2005年国际上提出的单通过高增益自由电子激光饱和状态分析的统计物理方法发展到三维情形。首先建立一种描述电子三维运动的归一化简化模型,推导了一维光场下包含电子横向运动的Vlasov方程。在螺旋型波荡器情形下通过引入横向运动守恒量发展了三维统计物理分析方法,并编写了相应计算程序,计算自由电子激光达到饱和时系统的光强增益、聚束因子。作为对比验证,编写包含N个电子自由电子激光系统的三维直接数值模拟程序,结果表明数值模拟和统计计算结果相一致。对比文献中一维模拟和一维统计理论计算结果,所得结果反映了电子束横向发射度以及电子在波荡器中的横向β振荡对饱和点参数的影响。 相似文献
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用指数参考势计算水的冲击压缩Hugoniot曲线和温度 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在修正的WCA状态方程和Ross变分微扰理论的基础上,计算了水的exp-6参考势对应的硬球直径、相应的λ值及冲击Hugoniot曲线和温度。将理论结果与实验结果进行了比较,我们计算的冲击Hugoniot曲线和温度与实验符合较好。 相似文献
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