Calculation of Energy and Other Properties of Muonic Helium Atom Using Boundary Conditions of Wave Function

The properties of muonic helium atom （^4He＋2μ-e-） in ground state are considered. In this work, the energy and average distance between particles have been obtained using a wave function, which satisfies boundary conditions. It is shown that the obtained energy are very close to the values calculated by others. But the small differences of the expectation values of r^2n are due to the incorporated boundary conditions in proposed wave function and are expected.     

Physical Properties of III-Antiminodes -- a First Principles Study

A comprehensive first principles study of III-Antimonide binary compounds is hardly found in literature. We report a broad study of structural and electronic properties of boron antimonide （BSb）, aluminium antimonide （AlSb）, gallium antimonide （GaSb） and indium antimonide （InSb） in zineblende phase based on density functional theory （DFT）. Our calculations are based on Full-PotentiM Lineaxized Augmented Plane wave plus local orbitals （FP- L（APWq-lo）） method. Different forms of exchange-correlation energy functional and corresponding potential are employed for structural and electronic properties. Our computed results for lattice parameters, bulk moduli, their pressure derivatives, and cohesive energy are consistent with the available experimental data. Boron antimonide is found to be the hardest compound of this group. For band structure calculations, in addition to LDA and GGA, we used GGA-EV, an approximation employed by Engel and Vosko. The band gap results with GGA-EV are of significant improvement over the earlier work.     

Total Atomic Scattering Factors of 1s^23s ^2S States for Lithium Isoelectronic Sequence

Total atomic scattering factors for the 1s^23s ^2S stages for the lithium isoelectronic sequence from Z = 3 - 10 are calculated by using the full core plus correlation wave function. The influence of electron correlation on total atomic scattering factors is considered sufficiently in our calculation. For the 1s^2 3s ^2S states of the lithium isoelectronic sequence, the general functional behaviour of total atomic scattering factors is analyzed together for each state of the isoelectronic sequence.     

Source function extracted from single-event HBT correlation functions of hydrodynamical sources

We investigate the single-event two-pion correlation functions for the hydrodynamic particle-emitting sources with the fluctuating initial conditions generated by the Heavy Ion Jet Interaction Generator （HIJING）. Using a three-dimension fast Fourier transform （FFT）, we further extract the source functions from the single-event correlation functions. It is found that the inhomogeneity of the hydrodynamic sources with the fluctuating initial conditions lead to event-by-event fluctuations of the correlation functions and source functions.     

Dynamical Properties of a Diluted Dipolar-Interaction Heisenberg Spin Glass

Up to now the chirality is seldom studied in the diluted spin glass although many investigations have been performed on the site-ordered Edwards-Anderson model. By simulation, we investigate the dynamicaJ properties of both the spin-glass and the chiral-glass phases in a diluted dipolar system, which was manifested to have a spin-glass transition by recent numerical study. By scaling we find that both phases have the same aging behavior and closer aging parameterμ. Similarly, the domains grow in the same way and both phases have a closer barrier exponent g2. It means that both the spins and the chirality have the same dynamical properties and they may freeze at the same temperature.     

Thermodynamic properties of Heisenberg magnetic systems

In this paper, we present a comprehensive investigation of the effects of the transverse correlation function （TCF） on the thermodynamic properties of Heisenberg antiferromagnetic （AFM） and ferromagnetic （FM） systems with cubic lattices. The TCF of an FM system is positive and increases with temperature, while that of an AFM system is negative and decreases with temperature. The TCF lowers internal energy, entropy and specific heat. It always raises the free energy of an FM system but raises that of an AFM system only above a specific temperature when the spin quantum number is S 〉 1. Comparisons between the effects of the TCFs on the FM and AFM systems are made where possible.     

Boundary Correlation Functions of the gl（1/1） Supersymmetric Vertex Model

The gl（1/1） supersymmetric vertex model with domain wall boundary conditions （DWBC） on an N × N square lattice is considered. We derive the reduction formulae for the one-point boundary correlation functions of the model. The determinant representation for the boundary correlation functions is also obtained.     

Synchronization in a Mutualism Ecosystem Induced by Noise Correlation

Understanding the cause of the synchronization of population evolution is an important issue for ecological improvement. Here we present a Lotka-Volterra-type model driven by two correlated environmental noises and show, via theoretical analysis and direct simulation, that noise correlation can induce a synchronization of the mutualists. The time series of mutual species exhibit a chaotic-like fluctuation, which is independent of the noise correlation, however, the chaotic fluctuation of mutual species ratio decreases with the noise correlation. A quantitative parameter defined for characterizing chaotic fluctuation provides a good approach to measure when the complete synchronization happens.     

On two-point boundary correlations of the gl（1｜1） supersymmetric vertex model

The gl（1｜1） supersymmetric vertex model with domain wall boundary conditions （DWBC） on an N ×N square lattice is considered. We obtain the reduction formulae for the two-point boundary correlation functions of the model.     

Effects of the vibrational and rotational excitation of reagent on the stereodynamics of the reaction S（3P） + H2→ SH + H

Quasiclassical trajectory （QCT） calculations are first carried out to study the stereodynamics of the S （3p） ＋ H2 → SH ＋ H reaction based on the ab initio 13Atr potential energy surface （PES） （Lii etal. 2012 J. Chem. Phys. 136 094308）. The QCT-calculated reaction probabilities and cross sections for the S ＋ H2 （v = 0, j = 0） reaction are in good agreement with the previous quantum mechanics （QM） results. The vector properties including the alignment, orientation, and polarization- dependent differential cross sections （PDDCSs） of the product SH are presented at a collision energy of 1.8 eV. The effects of the vibrational and rotational excitations of reagent on the stereodynamics are also investigated and discussed in the present work. The calculated QCT results indicate that the vibrational and rotational excitations of reagent play an important role in determining the stereodynamic properties of the title reaction.     

Quantum phase transitions in matrix product states of one-dimensional spin-1 chains

We present a new model of quantum phase transitions in matrix product systems of one-dimensional spin-1 chains and study the phases coexistence phenomenon. We find that in the thermodynamic limit the proposed system has three different quantum phases and by adjusting the control parameters we are able to realize any phase, any two phases equal coexistence and the three phases equM coexistence. At every critical point the physical quantities including the entanglement are not discontinuous and the matrix product system has long-range correlation and N-spin maximal entanglement. We believe that our work is helpful for having a comprehensive understanding of quantum phase transitions in matrix product states of one-dimensional spin chains and of certain directive significance to the preparation and control of one-dimensional spin lattice models with stable coherence and N-spin maximal entanglement.     

Quantum phase transitions in matrix product states of one-dimensional spin-1/2 chains

For the matrix product system of a one-dimensional spin-1/2 chain, we present a new model of quantum2 phase transitions and find that in the thermodynamic limit, both sides of the critical point are respectively described by phases ｜Ψa 〉=｜1··· 1 representing all particles spin up and ｜Ψb 〉=｜0··· 0 representing all particles spin down, while the phase transition point is an isolated intermediate-coupling point where√ the two phases coexist equally, which is2 described by the so-called N-qubit maximally entangled GHZ state ｜Ψpt =√2/2（｜1··· 1 ＋｜0··· 0）. At the critical point,2the physical quantities including the entanglement are not discontinuous and the matrix product system has longrange correlation and N-qubit maximal entanglement. We believe that our work is helpful for having a comprehensive understanding of quantum phase transitions in matrix product states of one-dimensional spin chains and of potential directive significance to the preparation and control of one-dimensional spin lattice models with stable coherence and N-qubit maximal entanglement.     

Evolution Properties of Modules in Complex Networks

In complex networks, network modules play a center role, which carry out a key function. In this paper, we introduce the spatial correIation function to describe the relationships among the network modules. Our focus is to investigate how the network modules evolve, and what the evolution properties of the modules are. In order to test the proposed method, as the examples, we use our method to analyze and discuss the ER random network and scale-free network. Rigorous analysis of the existing data shows that the introduced correlation function is suitable for describing the evolution properties of network modules. Remarkably, the numerical simulations indicate that the ER random network and scale-free network have different evolution properties.     

Third-order optical intensity correlation measurements of pseudo-thermal light

Third-order Hanbrury Brown–Twiss and double-slit interference experiments with a pseudo-thermal light are performed by recording intensities in single, double and triple optical paths, respectively. The experimental results verifies the theoretical prediction that the indispensable condition for achieving a interference pattern or ghost image in Nth-order intensity correlation measurements is the synchronous detection of the same light field by each reference detector, no matter the intensities recorded in one, or two, or N optical paths. It is shown that, when the reference detectors are scanned in the opposite directions, the visibility and resolution of the third-order spatial correlation function of thermal light is much better than that scanned in the same direction, but it is no use for obtaining the Nth-order interference pattern or ghost image in the thermal Nth-order interference or ghost imaging.     

A protocol to transform Svetlichny＇s genuine multipartite correlations into standard isotropic form

The standard isotropic correlations are widely used in the research of no-locality of quantum physics. We prove that any multipartite no-signaling correlation can be transformed into standard isotropic form through a randomization procedure, which does not change Svetlichny＇s genuine multipartite correlation. For the tripartite correlations, each part with two inputs and two outcomes, we explicitly give the protocol and the proof of its validity. We then generalize the protocol to deal with the case of an N-partite.     

Remarks on interpretations of the Eotvos experiment and misinterpretation of E=mc^2

The Eotvos experiment on the verification of equivalence between inertial mass and gravitational mass of a body is famous for its accuracy. A question is, however, can these experimental results be applied to the case of a physical space in general relativity, where the space coordinates could be arbitrary？ It is pointed out that it can be validly applied because it has been proven that Einstein＇s equivalence principle for a physical space must have a frame of reference with the Euclidean-like structure. Will claimed further that such an overall accuracy can be translated into an accuracy of the equivalence between inertial mass and each type of energy. It is shown that, according to general relativity, such a claim is incorrect. The root of this problem is due to an inadequate understanding of special relativity that produced the famous equation E=mc^2, which must be understood in terms of energy conservation. Concurrently, it is pointed out that this error is a problem in Will＇s book, ‘Theory and Experiment in Gravitational Physics＇.     

First-Principles Calculations of Atomic and Electronic Properties of T1 and In on Si（111）

The atomic and electronic structures of T1 and In on Si（111） surfaces are investigated using the firstprinciples total energy calculations. Total energy optimizations show that the energetically favored structure is 1/3 ML T1 adsorbed at the T4 sites on Si（111） surfaces. The adsorption energy difference of one T1 adatom between （√3 × √3） and （1 × 1） is less than that of each In adatom. The DOS indicates that TI 6p and Si 3p electrons play a very important role in the formation of the surface states. It is concluded that the bonding of TI adatoms on Si（111） surfaces is mainly polar covalent, which is weaker than that of In on Si（111）. So T1 atom is more easy to be migrated than In atom in the same external electric field and the structures of T1 on Si（111） is prone to switch between （√3 × √3） and （1 × 1）.     

Study on the pre-chopper in CSNS LEBT

Physical designing of the pre-chopper in CSNS LEBT is carried out, which includes the deflecting voltage, the length and the width of the deflecting plates, and the gap between the deflecting plates. The most outstanding feature of the design is that both the gap and the width vary with the beam envelope size. So both the requried deflecting voltage and the loaded capacitance are lowered. In order to avoid destruction of the space charge neutralization by the pre-chopper in the whole LEBT, an electron-trapping electrode is arranged to confine the electrostatic field of the pre-chopper to the local area. To examine the reliability of the pre-chopping design in CSNS LEBT, a similar pre-chopping design in ADS RFQ LEBT is set up and an experiment on the pre-chopper is prepared. 3-dimensional simulations are carried out to determine the loaded capacitance and the applied voltage of the electron-trapping electrode.     

Entropy of Quantum Dynamical Systems and Sufficient Families in Orthomodular Lattices with Bayessian State

The purpose of the present paper is to study the entropy hs（Ф） of a quantum dynamical systems Ф = （ L, s, Ф）, where s is a bayessian state on an orthomodular lattice L. Having introduced the notion of entropy hs（ Ф, A） of partition A of a Boolean algebra B with respect to a state s and a state preserving homomorphism Ф, we prove a few results on that, define the entropy of a dynamical system hs（Ф）, and show its invariance. The concept of sufficient families is also given and we establish that hs （Ф） comes out to be equal to the supremum of hs （Ф,A）, where A varies over any sufficient family. The present theory has then been extended to the quantum dynamical system （ L, s, Ф）, which as an effect of the theory of commutators and Bell inequalities can equivalently be replaced by the dynamical system （B, s0, Ф）, where B is a Boolean algebra and so is a state on B.     

Metric of States

Metric of quantum states plays an important role in quantum information theory. In this letter, we find the deep connection between quantum logic theory and quantum information theory. Using the method of quantum logic, we can get a famous inequality in quantum information theory, and we answer a question raised by S. Gudder.