邻甲酚液相原位加氢反应

以Ni/CMK-3为催化剂,采用BET比表面积、X射线衍射和氢气程序升温还原对催化剂进行了表征.考察了不同Ni负载量、反应温度、反应初始压力及反应时间条件下,甲醇水相重整制氢与邻甲酚原位加氢的耦合反应.结果表明,当Ni负载量为20%、反应温度为230℃、反应前冷压为0.1 MPa、水-甲醇-模型化合物摩尔比为50∶15∶1及反应9 h时,邻甲酚转化率最高为45.4%.分别对比了甲醇、甲酸、甘油和异丙醇作为供氢溶剂对原位加氢反应的影响,其中以甲酸为供氢溶剂时,邻甲酚的转化率最高达82.2%.对比了甲酚3种同分异构体原位加氢的效果,发现邻甲酚和间甲酚的反应效果相差不大,而对甲酚的转化率则远低于邻甲酚和间甲酚.对20%Ni/CMK-3在原位加氢实验中的使用寿命进行了考察.     

超高效液相色谱β-环糊精流动相添加剂法分析卷烟主流烟气中7种酚类化合物

以β-环糊精(β-CD)作为流动相添加剂,建立了一种超高效液相色谱(UPLC)快速分析卷烟主流烟气中对苯二酚、间苯二酚、邻苯二酚、苯酚、对甲酚、间甲酚、邻甲酚的方法。卷烟主流烟气中7种酚类化合物采用YC/T 255-2008标准方法收集,萃取液经0.22 μm微孔滤膜过滤后直接进行UPLC分析。采用ACQUIT UPLC BEH Shield RP18色谱柱,以含有4 g/L β-CD的流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用优化后的荧光检测条件进行检测,分析时间为10 min。实验结果表明: 与目前国内外普遍应用的HPLC方法相比,该方法实现了间甲酚和对甲酚异构体的有效分离,7种酚类化合物的荧光响应强度显著增加。7种酚类化合物在该方法的线性范围内线性关系良好(r＞0.9999), 3个加标水平上平均回收率为95.5%～103.5%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于4%,方法的检出限为4～14 ng/cig。     

双波长紫外分光光度法测定混合甲酚中对甲酚和间甲酚的含量

本研究采用双波长紫外分光光度法对混合甲酚溶液中对甲酚和间甲酚的含量进行了测定。通过等吸光点的方法寻求最佳的波长对,获得了较高的测量灵敏度和准确度,用本法测定混合试样中间甲酚的含量,相对偏差小于1.5％;测定对甲酚的含量,相对偏差小于2.1％。     

柱前衍生高效液相色谱法分离分析甲酚异构体

提出了柱前衍生高效液相色谱法同时分离测定邻甲酚、间甲酚和对甲酚的方法。含甲酚异构体的样品与衍生化试剂按1比8(质量比)混合,加热回流衍生2 h。3种异构体的转化率依次为98.1%,99.0%,98.5%。选用Eclipse XDB-C_(18)色谱柱作为反相色谱柱,以甲醇和水以体积比为35比65的混合溶液为流动相,在260nm波长处进行测定,乙酸邻甲酚酯、乙酸间甲酚酯的峰面积与其浓度在(0.05～3.75)×10~(-5)mol·L~(-1)范围内呈线性关系,而乙酸对甲酚酯在(0.03～2.25)×10~(-5)mol·L~(-1)之间呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)依次为1.88×10~(-5),1.88×10~(-5),1.13×10~(-5)mol·L~(-1)。此方法应用于实际样品的测定,回收率分别为104%,95%,100%,相对标准偏差(n=7)分别为0.22%,2.34%,0.90%。     

高效邻苯二甲酸二异癸酯毛细管色谱柱的制备

采用超细载体对毛细管柱内壁进行预处理,增加固定液在柱内壁的铺展性,然后将多种复配剂与邻苯二甲酸二异癸酯(DIDP)复配,配制质量浓度为5 mg/mL的固定液,通过加压装置,将固定液通入毛细管柱中,以间甲酚与对甲酚的分离度和对甲酚的理论塔板数评价了复配毛细管柱的分离性能。结果发现:DIDP与SE-54复配效果最好,对甲酚的每米理论塔板数可达3600。建立了快速、简便制备DIDP毛细管柱的方法。     

极性搅拌棒吸附萃取-热脱附-气相色谱/质谱法测定主流烟气捕集液中4种酚类物质

建立了极性搅拌棒吸附萃取-热脱附-气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)法测定主流烟气捕集液中苯酚、邻甲酚、间甲酚、对甲酚4种酚类物质的分析方法。利用人工唾液收集主流烟气制备待测样品,样品用极性搅拌棒在室温下以900r/min吸附萃取60min;热脱附温度220℃,热脱附时间3min,冷阱温度-50℃进行热脱附后,通过GC/MS法进行分离检测。上述4种酚类物质在5~200μg/L范围内响应峰面积与其浓度呈良好的线性关系(r0.99),检出限在0.8~3.6μg/L之间,3个添加浓度(10、50、100μg/L)水平的平均回收率在82.8%~112.6%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为4.6%~12.2%。该方法操作简便,溶剂消耗少,灵敏度高,适用于烟气捕集液中苯酚、邻甲酚、间甲酚和对甲酚的分析检测。     

分光光度法测定工业二硝基甲苯中的二硝基甲酚

二硝基甲苯(DNT)中主要含3,5二硝基邻甲酚和3,5二硝基对甲酚。本文用 KOH 稀溶液从 DNT 的甲苯溶液中提取二硝基甲酚,以3,5二硝基邻甲酚或3,5二硝基对甲酚作标准,采用标准加入法、酸化同浓度被测溶液作参比,在碱性介质两种二硝基甲酚具有相同摩尔吸光系数的吸收波长436nm 处,用光度法测定二者的总量。在二硝基甲酚浓度为2.5     

基于分子模拟和光谱法分析漆酶与甲酚的相互作用

该文运用计算模拟与光谱法研究了甲酚与漆酶的相互作用。首先,计算模拟表明漆酶与3种甲酚同分异构体都能发生相互作用,分子对接研究结果表明漆酶与甲酚同分异构体能以氢键和疏水作用力相结合,且结合位点相似。通过分子动力学模拟比较漆酶结合甲酚前后残基的柔性差异,验证了分子对接结合位点的可靠性。其次,选取计算模拟中结果较好的间甲酚,利用光谱法探究间甲酚与漆酶的荧光猝灭机制及结合前后漆酶二级结构的变化。荧光猝灭实验证实漆酶与间甲酚间是形成非荧光复合物的静态猝灭,与分子对接结果一致。红外光谱研究结果表明,漆酶与间甲酚结合后二级结构发生变化,其内部的β-转角和β-反向平行结构向β-折叠、无规则卷曲和α-螺旋结构转化,这与分子动力学模拟结果相呼应。该研究为利用漆酶转化环境中甲酚污染物提供了理论基础与数据支持。     

红外光谱法测定航空润滑油液压油中2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚含量

用红外光谱法测定航空润滑油、航空液压油中抗氧剂2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚的含量.用光学衰减器作补偿,记录试样在3 760～3 550cm-1区间的红外光谱,基线法计算试样中2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚的羟基伸缩振动吸收带在3 650 cm-1处的吸光度.以工作曲线定量.2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚的质量分数在0.05%～0.10%范围内服从比耳定律.其线性回归方程为A=0.003 03+0.560 81 C,相关系数为0.998 0.     

酚类在芳烃溶剂中的缔合溶液热力学

用凝固点降低法测量了对甲酚、间甲酚、邻甲酚、2,4-二甲酚、2,6-二甲酚以及对甲酚+间甲酚、对甲酚+邻甲酚、间甲酚+邻甲酚、2,4-二甲酚+2,6-二甲酚的1:1摩尔比混合物等为溶质, 溶剂为苯或对二甲苯的活度系数, 用Wiehe-Bagley型的连续缔合模型对数据进行了处理, 得到了各种酚的自缔合常效K_A. 在同一溶剂中, K_A依下列顺序减小: 对甲酚>间甲酚>邻甲酚; 2,4-二甲酚>2,6-二甲酚. 各混合酚的表观K_A 介于两种纯酚的K_A之间.     

Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography using a high-temperature phosphonium ionic liquid column

A high-temperature ionic liquid, trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonamide, was used as the primary column stationary phase for comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC). The ionic liquid (IL) column was coupled to a 5% diphenyl/95% dimethyl polysiloxane (HP-5) secondary column. The retention characteristics of the IL column were compared to polyethylene glycol (DB-Wax) and 50% phenyl/50% methyl polysiloxane (HP-50+). A series of homologous compounds that included hydrocarbons, oxygenated organics, and halogenated alkanes were analyzed with each column combination. This comparison showed that the ionic liquid is less polar than DB-Wax but more polar than HP-50+. The most unique feature of the IL × HP-5 column combination is that alkanes, cyclic alkanes, and alkenes eluted in a narrow band in the GC × GC chromatogram; whereas, these compounds occupied a much larger portion of the DB-Wax × HP-5 and the HP-50+ × HP-5 chromatograms. Each column combination was used to analyze diesel fuel. The IL × HP-5 chromatogram displayed narrow bands for three major compound classes in diesel fuel: saturates, monoaromatics, and diaromatics. The IL column was used at temperatures as high as 290 °C for several months without any noticeable changes in column performance.     

气相色谱法测定车用汽油中含氧化合物和苯胺类化合物

利用中心切割技术和双毛细管色谱柱系统,采用两次进样的方式,建立了气相色谱测定车用汽油中含氧化合物和苯胺类化合物的分析方法。第一次进样分析,组分首先进入非极性DB-1色谱柱(30 m×0.32 mm×1.0μm),按沸点由低到高的顺序分离,通过电磁阀切换将沸点小于2-己酮的组分切割至强极性GS-OxyPLOT色谱柱(10 m×0.53 mm×10μm)或CP-Lowox色谱柱(10 m×0.53 mm×10μm),其余重烃组分通过阻尼柱进入FID检测器。在GS-OxyPLOT或CP-Lowox色谱柱上,烃类组分与含氧化合物分离并进入检测器检测,消除了大量的烃类组分对含氧化合物测定的影响。第二次进样分析,设定电磁阀切换时间为间-甲基苯胺从非极性色谱柱流出的时间,苯胺类化合物在GS-OxyPLOT或CP-Lowox色谱柱上与烃类和含氧化合物分离并进入检测器检测。以乙二醇二甲基醚为内标化合物进行内标法定量。实现了在一套系统上同时测定车用汽油中添加的甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)、甲醇、甲缩醛、乙酸仲丁酯、乙酸乙酯、苯胺、邻/间/对-甲基苯胺和N-甲基苯胺的含量,各组分的检测范围为0.01%~10%(质量分数),回收率为86.0%~102.6%。该法可以为车用汽油的质量控制提供有效的检测手段。     

Preparation of red blood cell column for capillary electrochromatography.

A column packed with red blood cells (RBCs) was prepared for electrochromatography as a separation and reaction column. RBCs were kept inside a piece of fused silica capillary tubing with 2% agarose gel. In the column, RBCs were uniformly distributed in the agarose gel matrix and their electrophoretic movements due to an applied voltage were suppressed well. The durability of the biological function of the column under applied voltage was about 1 h, although it could remain for 2-3 days without applied voltage. The column could not be used when hemolysis of the RBCs was observed in the column. When the developed "RBC-gel column" was used, both pyridoxamine and serotonin were converted to other compounds through their direct contact with RBCs.     

Novel Polymer Monolithic Column for Hydrophilic Compounds

A hydrophilic polymer-based monolithic column was prepared from water-soluble crosslinking agents for liquid chromatography. The column media were prepared with a diacrylate monomer, aqueous polyethylene glycol, methanol, and a water-soluble radical initiator. A fused silica capillary column, which was significantly modified by vinyl groups, was utilized as the outer column in order to control polymer shrinkage. We optimized the modification of the capillary column, composition of the monomer and porogen, and polymerization condition. The optimized column exhibited high hydrophilicity and achieved the baseline separation of nucleobases by using only a buffered solution as the mobile phase. Additionally, another column prepared from binary water-soluble crosslinking agents exhibited lower nonspecific adsorption of several proteins. Basically, we would show the possibility of a new type of polymer monolith prepared from water-soluble crosslinker and water-soluble porogenic solvent, and they can be used for chromatographic separation without non-specific hydrophobic interaction.     

Fast gas chromatography: packed column solvating gas chromatography versus open tubular column gas chromatography

Packed capillary column solvating gas chromatography (SGC) and open tubular column gas chromatography (GC) were compared with respect to their potentials for fast separations. A recently introduced "universal" peak capacity equation was used to compare the performance of these two methods. The effects of various factors on peak capacity were investigated. Results demonstrate that retention factor and column efficiency are the main factors affecting peak capacity for fast separations. Packed columns produce both high retention factors and high selectivities. While high efficiencies and high peak capacities can be demonstrated by both techniques, open tubular column GC can surpass packed capillary column SGC in both measurements, except for the case of the analysis of simple mixtures in short analysis times, where retention factor and selectivity become important. Practical aspects such as pressure drop and sample capacity are compared for SGC and open tubular column GC. It was found that packed column SGC demonstrates higher sample capacities, but requires much higher column inlet pressures than open tubular column GC. A variety of mobile phases can be used for packed column SGC, which can provide high solvating power for large and polar compounds.     

Comparison of two cryptand separator columns for the determination of trace chloride in semiconductor-grade nitric acid

Improved ion-chromatographic approaches for measuring trace chloride in nitric acid are presented. Two columns, the IonPac Cryptand A1 and a higher-capacity Cryptand prototype, were tested and compared. Also, the use of a Continuously Regenerated Anion Trap Column (CR-ATC) was evaluated for its ability to purify electrolytically generated eluent. Nitric acid (70%) was used as the test matrix and chloride was used as the test analyte; prior to injection, the nitric acid was diluted to 0.7% for the A1 column and to 2.8% for the prototype column. Chloride could be quantified in only 20 min on either column; detection limits computed for 70% HNO3 (at 95% confidence, alpha = beta = 2.5%) were 1.8 and 1.5 ppm for the A1 and prototype columns, respectively. Results also showed that the CR-ATC was necessary for obtaining acceptable acid blanks.     

The use of phospholipid modified column for the determination of lipophilic properties in high performance liquid chromatography

A new chromatographic stationary phase obtained by coating a reversed phase amide column with phosphatidylcholine based liposomes solution to yield a phospholipid modified column (PLM). The modification is achieved by the dynamic coating method which recycles the coating solution through the column in a closed loop for a period of 24 h. The chromatographic properties of the new column have changed significantly as compared to the original amide column due to the phospholipid coating. A good correlation was observed between n-octanol/water logP values and the logarithm of the retention factor obtained on the PLM column for a large number of solutes. In addition the PLM column was characterized using the linear solvation energy relationship (LSER). The values of the LSER system constants for the PLM column were calculated and were found to be very close to those of the n-octanol/water extraction system thus suggesting that the PLM column can be used for the estimation of n-octanol/water partition coefficient and serve as a possible alternative to the shake-flask method for lipophilicity determination. In addition, the results suggest that the PLM column can provide an alternative to other phospholipid-based column such as the IAM and the DPC columns.     

Simultaneous determination of codeine and chlorpheniramine in human plasma by capillary column gas chromatography

A specific and highly sensitive capillary column gas chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous determination of codeine and chlorpheniramine in human plasma. The method involves a solvent extraction and analysis by capillary column gas chromatography on a cross-linked 50% phenylmethyl silicone fused-silica capillary column with flame thermionic detection. A 10% solution of n-butanol in toluene was used as extraction medium and pyrilamine was used as internal standard. Reproducibility, linearity of calibration curves and specificity were all satisfactory with both drugs. The plasma concentration of codeine and chlorpheniramine could be measured at levels down to 0.9 ng/ml as codeine phosphate and 0.4 ng/ml as chlorpheniramine maleate, respectively. The method was applied to plasma samples from normal volunteers, and was confirmed to be adequate for biopharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic studies.     

Multidimensional gas chromatographic separation of selected PCB atropisomers in technical formulations and sediments

A simple dual-column gas chromatographic system with a six-port switching valve has been used to separate the atropisomers of PCB congeners 84, 91, and 95 in technical PCB formulations and in extracts of soil and river sediment. A capillary column coated with a methylphenylsiloxane stationary phase (CP-Sil 8) was used as the first column, for retention window selection, and a permethylated β-cyclodextrin (ChirasilDex) capillary column as the main separation column. Because peak overlap could not be eliminated by optimization of column temperature, the enantiomeric ratios of PCB congeners could not be determined from the original chromatograms. The correct enantiomer ratio was determined from the peak areas obtained by deconvolution of the chromatograms. Whereas the PCB atropisomers considered were present in equal concentrations in the technical PCB formulations, analysis of a river sediment sample confirmed different residual concentrations of the atropisomers of congener 95.     

Development and Validation of a Column-Switching LC–ESI–MS Assay for Determination of Huperzine A in Rat Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid

A simple and rapid method using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was developed and applied to determine the concentration of huperzine A in rat plasma or cerebrospinal fluid following a single intravenous injection or nasal administration. The chromatographic separation of the analytes was performed by column switching. A Zorbax SB-C₁₈ pre-column was used as the first column for sample clean-up, and then the analytes were eluted onto a Zorbax SB-C₁₈ column, the second column, and detected by electrospray ionization MS using single ion monitoring in positive mode. Hup B was used as internal standard. Linear calibration curve was achieved over a dynamic range of 0.5–500 ng mL^?1 for Hup A in plasma sample and 0.5–200 ng mL^?1 in CSF sample. The inter- and intra-assay coefficients of variation for the analysis were within ±6.67%. The mean absolute recoveries of Hup A from plasma were between 94.7 and 106.7%.