新型超导体MgB_2的热电势和电阻率研究

测量了MgB-2的热电势和电阻率与温度的依赖关系.在100K—300K区间,热电势呈近似线性温度依赖关系,其斜率为正,表明载流子为空穴型且与能带贡献的图像相一致.与此对应,在此温区电阻率呈T2依赖关系.在100K以下,热电势和电阻率各自转变了其高温区的温度依赖关系.热电势在超导转变温度Te(零电阻36.6K)到100K间有一宽峰,具有声子曳引峰的特征,表明电子-声子相互作用很强.估算了一些重要的参数,如带米能EF、能带宽度等.     

超导体MgB2的制备和热电势研究

利用Mg扩散法制备出单相多晶的MgB2超导体,其超导转变的零电阻温度为38．5K左右,转变宽度小于1K,比较了不同制备工艺对样品的密度和电阻率等的影响,进行了热电势温度关系的测量,正常态电阻率温度关系均为金属型,可用函数a bT^n拟合,n-2.4热电势研究表明其载流子为空穴型的,由其斜率估算的费米能为0．39eV。     

电子型超导体Sm2-xCexCuO4(0.00≤x≤0.21)的异常热电势与电阻率

测量了Sm2-xCexCuO4(000≤x≤021)多晶样品的热电势S和电阻率ρ的温度依赖关系.在缘绝体—金属转变边界处,观测到热电势从绝缘体区明显的弱温度依赖关系到金属区线性温度依赖关系的转变.当Ce的含量由009增加到021时,高温下S的斜率发生由负到正的转变,这是能带的填充能级发生改变时电子型和空穴型载流子的贡献发生竞争的表现,由电子型向空穴型的过渡发生在x=017处.S和ρ在200K以下的斜率变化是载流子局域化造成的.x=006—021的样品在50K处观察到一个正的曳引峰.室温下的热电势S300K和S0(高温区热电势线性外推到0K的值)与Ce含量在绝缘体、欠掺杂和过掺杂区域有不同的依赖关系.过掺杂区域很小的S300K和S0意味着一个宽带的费米液体的贡献,同时ρ满足T2关系,二者相一致.关键词：电子型超导体输运性质热电势     

Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8单晶a-b平面热电势率的各向异性

测量了Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O₈单晶a方向的热电势率S_a和b方向的热电势率S_b与温度T的关系,发现在a-b平面内热电势率存在各向异性。认为S_a与S_b的差异来源于b方向的调制结构,并用扩散热电势率S_d,声子曳引热电势率S_g和相关跳跃热电势率S_h三种贡献,对实验结果进行了关键词：     

MgB2超导体正常态热电势的研究

测量了不同烧结温度制备的MgB2样品热电势从80K到320K随温度变化的行为,热电势为正值,在低温段呈线性行为,到了高温段逐渐偏离线性向下弯曲达到和或以更小的斜率线性变化,从多能带贡献对输运性质影响的角度分析了实验现象。     

TlBaCaCuO超导体的热电势率

测量了零电阻温度为114K 的 TlBaCaCuO 超导体的热电势率,结果表明,在150K 以上热电势率与温度的关系可用 S=AT+B/T 表示,说明在这类高温超导体中声子曳引热电势即使在高温区也不能忽略,存在电-声子相互作用.     

新型超导体MgCNi3的输运性质研究

测量了新型超导体MgCNi3(Tc=8K)的电阻率、正常态Hall效应和热电势等输运性质.电阻率温度曲线表明,在高于70K的温区可以用电声子散射的BlochGr櫣ｎｅｉｓｅｎ公式拟合.Hall系数RH和热电势S在Tc以上的整个温度范围都为负值,强烈表明MgCNi3的载流子类型为电子型.RH在从Tc到140K的温区内基本不随温度变化,但在140K到室温范围,RH随温度升高其绝对值减小,对RH的这种温度依赖关系进行了讨论.S在150K以上近似与温度成线性关系,而在150K以下显示非线性,用电声子相互作用的重整关键词：电阻率热电势Hall效应     

电子型超导体Sm2-xCexCuO4(0.00≤x≤0.21)的异常热电势与电阻率

测量了Sm2-xCexCuO4(0.00≤x≤0.21)多晶样品的热电势S和电阻率ρ的温度依赖关系.在缘绝体-金属转变边界处,观测到热电势从绝缘体区明显的弱温度依赖关系到金属区线性温度依赖关系的转变.当Ce的含量由0.09增加到0.21时,高温下S的斜率发生由负到正的转变,这是能带的填充能级发生改变时电子型和空穴型载流子的贡献发生竞争的表现,由电子型向空穴型的过渡发生在x＝0.17处.S和ρ在200K以下的斜率变化是载流子局域化造成的.x＝0.06-0.21的样品在50K处观察到一个正的曳引峰.室温下的热电势S300K和S0(高温区热电势线性外推到0K的值)与Ce含量在绝缘体、欠掺杂和过掺杂区域有不同的依赖关系.过掺杂区域很小的S300K和S0意味着一个宽带的费米液体的贡献,同时ρ满足T2关系,二者相一致.     

Sr2RuO4的热电势

Sr2RuO4是第一个无CuO面的层状强关联氧化物超导体.测量了9至260K温度范围内Sr2RuO4的热电势,观测到在此温度范围内其热电势为正值.用两种载流子模型对实验数据进行了拟合,并且与Hall系数的实验结果进行了比较,发现低温下两种载流子对热电势和Hall系数的贡献比较类似,但在高温区空穴对热电势的贡献很大而相应地对Hall系数的贡献不占主要地位.关键词：Sr2RuO4热电势     

La2-xSrxCuO4单晶膜的热电势与电阻率

测量了高质量的单晶膜La2-xSrxCuO4(x=010,020,025)的电阻率和热电势.La19Sr01CuO4电阻率呈现S型行为,表明存在一个赝能隙,在赝能隙态可以用公式ρ=ρ0+βexp(-ΔT)很好地拟合.热电势的测量表明,在超导转变前样品的残余热电势值非常小,这是膜的高质量引起的,三个样品在200K以上都出现一个宽峰,对其进行了一些理论模型分析,并与电子型超导体热电势结果作了比较.关键词：薄膜输运性质热电势     

Resistivity,thermopower and single-particle tunneling studies on some zinc-doped yttrium barium copper oxide superconductors

Abstract

Resistance and thermopower measurements have been made on a series of compounds, YBa₂Cu₃- _x Zn _x O_7-y, with x = 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2. The superconducting transition temperature decreases as the zinc concentration increases. In a range of temperatures below T_M , the mid point of the transition, the resistance shows an exponential temperature dependence fitting the phenomenological formula proposed by Ausloos et al. From the plot of logarithm of resistivity vs. (T_M ? T) ^1/2/T, one deduces a value of the average dimension of the Josephson junction to be a few tens of Å, suggesting the microtwin boundaries to be the location of the junctions. The thermopower shows a peak always just above T_c . This conclusively shows that phonon drag is not the cause of the peak. The temperature dependence of the thermopower appears to resemble closely the earlier observations of Srinivasan et al. on yttrium barium copper oxide. Single-particle tunneling measurements carried out for two concentrations, x = 0 and 0.05, appear to indicate that the energy gap parameter scales with T_c , and 2Δ/kT_c has an approximate value of 5.5.     

Study on the in—plane electrical resistivity and thermoelectric power in single crystals of La2—xBaxCuO4

The in-plane electrical resistivity and thermoelectric power have been measured on single crystals of La_2-xBa_xCuO₄ at around x=0.125. The room temperature resistivity and thermopower have their maximum values at x=0.125, indicating that the carrier concentration is the minimum and the carriers are most strongly localized at x=0.125. The observed semiconductor-like behaviour can be well described by the weak-localized quasi-two-dimensional state. The steep rise in electric resistivity of the sample at x=0.125 below 70K is attributed to the formation of static stripe-order of holes and spins, which are pinned by the low-temperature tetragonal (LTT) structure, as discovered in La_1.48Nd_0.4Sr_0.12CuO₄. The temperature dependence of electric resistivity below 70K is still well described by the formula ρ∝ lnT. A definite change in the slope of thermopower is observed at the low-temperature orthorhombic-LTT structural phase transition temperature. The origin of the 1/8 anomaly is discussed in the text.     

电子型超导体Sm1.85Ce0.15CuO4单晶的赝能隙行为研究

测量了在O2中退火不同时间的Sm1.85Ce0.15CuO4单晶样品的热电势S与电阻率ρ的温度依赖关系.所有的样品电阻率高温下呈现线性温度依赖行为.未退火的样品在148K发生超导转变,而退火后的样品在低温下发生金属半导体相变,其超导电性消失,表明退火引起了载流子浓度下降,体系进入欠掺杂态.随着温度降低,所有的样品ST和ρT曲线在200K附近(T)都发生斜率的改变,可以用赝能隙现象解释.热电势S在低温下出现一个正的曳引峰,意味着载流子符号发生改变,由电子型转变为空穴型关键词：电子型超导体热电势赝能隙     

Variation of thermoelectric power with crystallite size of La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 manganites

Thermoelectric power (TEP) studies of La_0.67Sr_0.33MnO₃ polycrystalline manganite material system having varying particle size have been undertaken. These materials were prepared by citrate based sol–gel route by sintering at four different temperatures and were later characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, electrical resistivity, AC susceptibility, etc., studies. The XRD data were analyzed by Rietveld refinement technique. Thermopower versus temperature plots are found to exhibit two peaks and an effort has been made to explain the significance of both of them. Finally, with a view to understand the conduction mechanism in these materials, TEP data in the low-temperature ferromagnetic metallic (T < T _P) regime were analyzed using electron–magnon scattering phenomenon, while that in the high-temperature insulating (T > T _P) region were analyzed by small polaron hopping model.     

液态InSb电阻率和热电势与温度的关系

利用直流四电极法和微差法分别测量了液态InSb的电阻率和热电势与温度的关系,得到了高精度的数据.发现液态InSb的电阻率温度系数在熔点附近随温度升高而增大;在高于617℃的高温区,该液体的电阻率与温度呈较好的线性关系.热电势温度系数在617℃左右也同样存在较明显的变化.结合其他物理性质随温度的变化规律及接近熔点温度的结构特点,可以认为液态InSb在熔点以上存在结构变化.关键词：电阻率热电势液态InSb结构转变     

样品制备过程中不同冷却速率对Nd1.85Ce0.15CuO4±δ单晶正常态和超导态输运性质的影响

通过原子力显微镜(AFM)对Nd_(1.85)Ce_(0.15)CuO_(4±δ)(NCCO)单晶样品的微结构进行分析,发现样品在制备和热处理过程中存在分解反应Nd2-xCexCuO4→(Nd,Ce)2O3 NdCeO3.5 Cu2O发生的证据,控制样品冷却速率可得到(Nd,Ce)2O3分解物含量不同的单晶样品.ab面电阻率测量结果表明,降低冷却速率可有效减少分解过程的发生、减少有效载流子浓度的降低和减少对Cu2O上Cu2 -Cu2 反铁磁关联的破坏,有利于保持体系结构上的均匀性和稳定性,是制备高品质电子型超导体Nd2-xCexCuO4单晶的关键.     

各向异性超导体电阻转变的修正Kosterlitz-Thouless相变模型

从二维系统的Kosterlitz-Thouless (KT) 相变理论出发,在关联长度中引入热激活能和平均钉扎高度,提出了修正的KT相变模型.该模型与库伦气体标度理论和Halperin-Nelson关系具有一致性.应用修正的KT相变模型研究磁场下Tl₂Ba₂CaCu₂O_x(Tl-2212)薄膜电阻转变的标度行为,发现由电阻转变计算得到的平均钉扎高度与温度具有线性依赖关系,实验结果支持修正的KT相变模型.关键词：标度行为各向异性超导体电阻转变