流气条件下表面放电光泵浦源重复频率运行的稳定性

以高纯度Al2O3陶瓷作为放电基底,研制了重复频率表面放电光泵浦源模块,详细地讨论了流气条件下泵浦源的放电抖动和辐射强度波动,并采用高速相机拍摄了泵浦源的放电等离子体图像,研究了等离子体的空间稳定性。研究发现：在流气状态下,泵浦源的重复频率为1～5 Hz时,泵浦源的放电抖动与放电等离子体的空间稳定性受充电电压和气体流量的影响较大,随运行频率的变化较小;辐射强度波动主要与充电电压相关,基本不受气体流量和重复频率变化的影响;在大流量条件下,提高充电电压,可以有效降低混合气体流动对泵浦源放电抖动的影响,减小辐射强度波动,改善放电等离子体的空间重复性;当充电电压达到26.8 kV时,气流量在60～300 L/min范围内,泵浦源的放电抖动可以小于45 ns,辐射强度波动小于2%,放电等离子体有很好空间稳定性。研究结果表明该表面放电光泵浦源模块在流气条件下具有良好的重复频率运行稳定性。     

流气条件下表面放电光泵浦源重复频率运行的稳定性

以高纯度Al2O3陶瓷作为放电基底,研制了重复频率表面放电光泵浦源模块,详细地讨论了流气条件下泵浦源的放电抖动和辐射强度波动,并采用高速相机拍摄了泵浦源的放电等离子体图像,研究了等离子体的空间稳定性。研究发现:在流气状态下,泵浦源的重复频率为1～5 Hz时,泵浦源的放电抖动与放电等离子体的空间稳定性受充电电压和气体流量的影响较大,随运行频率的变化较小;辐射强度波动主要与充电电压相关,基本不受气体流量和重复频率变化的影响;在大流量条件下,提高充电电压,可以有效降低混合气体流动对泵浦源放电抖动的影响,减小辐射强度波动,改善放电等离子体的空间重复性;当充电电压达到26.8 kV时,气流量在60～300 L/min范围内,泵浦源的放电抖动可以小于45 ns,辐射强度波动小于2%,放电等离子体有很好空间稳定性。研究结果表明该表面放电光泵浦源模块在流气条件下具有良好的重复频率运行稳定性。     

光抽运信号的理论分析

在原子辐射跃迁原理的基础上,依据光磁共振实验的基本实验现象建立简化模型,给出光抽运过程中跃迁速率方程,理论计算了光抽运信号光强随外场变化关系以及粒子跃迁弛豫时间随外场的变化关系,理论计算结果与实验符合.     

Generation of multiple orientation in an alkali vapour by intermediate optical pumping

Summary The generation of hyperfine, dipole and quadrupole orientations in an alkali vapour by means of optical pumping withD ₁ σ-polarized light is studied in an intermediate pumping approximation. Pumping equations are explicitly given for any alkali vapour in the case of white-light pumping and for cesium vapour (I=7/2) in the case of pumping with nonuniform spectrum light. The dependence of the steady-state multipole orientation on the pumping and relaxation characteristic parameters is discussed.

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Riassunto Si studia la generazione di orientamenti iperfini, dipolari e quadrupolari in vapore alcalino mediante pompaggio ottico con luce σ-polarizzataD ₁ in un'approssimazione di pompaggio intermedio. Le equazioni di pompaggio sono date esplicitamente per ogni vapore alcalino nel caso di pompaggio di luce bianca, e per vapore di cesio (I=7/2) nel caso di pompaggio con luce spettrale non uniforme. Si discute la dipendenza dell'orientazione multipolare dello stato stazionario dal pompaggio e dai parametri caratteristici di rilassamento.

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Резюме Исследуется получение сверхтонких дипольной и квадрупольной ориентации в щелочных парах с помощью накачкиD ₁ σ-поляризованным светом в приближении промежуточной накачки. В явном виде записываются уравнения накачки для любых щелочных паров в случае накачки белым светом, а для паров цезия (I=7/2) в случае накачки светом с неравномерным спектром. Обсуждается зависимость стационарной мультипольной ориентации от накачки и характерных параметров релаксации.

     

Kinetics of helium 3 laser optical pumping

We report on optical pumping experiments in helium-3 using a new broad-band, all fiber laser at 1083 nm. The kinetics of polarization build-up are compared to the numerical results of an appropriate model. Effects of laser power and bandwidth are discussed. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

流动系统中的激光增强固体和液体129Xe核磁共振信号

在流动系统中,用半导体阵列激光器在低磁场下抽运Cs原子,由自旋交换碰撞产生极化的129Xe气体,在SY80M核磁共振谱仪中,冻成固体和液体后的极化度分别为216%和145%,和相同条件下未光泵的129Xe极化度相比,分别增强6000和5000倍.为将激光增强固体和液体129Xe用于量子计算提供了基础和可能.并对输运和相变过程中极化损失作了讨论 关键词： 光泵 激光极化 核磁共振信号 光和原子相互作用     

Development of a nuclear spin polarizer with the optical pumping method

We have developed an optical pumping NMR system for semiconductors as an effective nuclear spin polarizer for a solid-state NMR quantum computer. The system was successfully applied to enhance ³¹P nuclear spin polarization in InP doped with Fe, and the enhancement of the ³¹P NMR signal by more than two orders of magnitude was achieved. We also observed the strong dependences of the enhancement on the helicity and the photon energy of incident light. The most effective enhancement was achieved with the helicity σ⁺ and photon energy smaller than the bandgap by 1015 meV.     

Optical state selection process with optical pumping in a cesium atomic fountain clock

We propose and realize a new optical state selection method on a cesium atomic fountain clock by applying a two-laser 3-3' optical pumping configuration to spin polarize atoms. The atoms are prepared in |F=3, m_F=0> clock state with optical pumping directly after being launched up, followed by a pushing beam to push away the atoms remaining in the |F=4> state. With a state selection efficiency exceeding 92%, this optical method can substitute the traditional microwave state selection, and helps to develop a more compact physical package. A Ramsey fringe has been achieved with this optical state selection method, and a contrast of 90% is obtained with a full width half maximum of 0.92 Hz. The short-term frequency stability of 6.8×10^-14 (τ/s)^-1/2 is acquired. In addition, the number of detected atoms is increased by a factor of 1.7 with the optical state selection.     

Einstein——Podolsky——Rosen entanglement in time-dependent periodic pumping non-degenerate optical parametric amplifier

The solution of the time-dependent periodic pumping non-degenerate optical parametric amplifier (NOPA) is derived when the pump depletion is considered both above and below thresholds. Based on this solution, the quantum fluctuation calculated shows that a high entanglement and a good squeezing degree of the parametric light beams are achieved near and above thresholds. We adopt two kinds of pump fields: (i) a continuously modulated pump with a sinusoidal envelope; (ii) a sequence of laser pulses with Gaussian envelopes. We analyse the time evolution of continuous variable entanglement by analytical and numerical calculations, and show that the periodic driven pumping also improves the degree of entanglement. The squeezing and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) entanglement by using the two pumping driven functions are investigated from below to above the threshold regions, the tendencies are nearly the same, and the Gaussian driven function is superior to that of the sine driven function, when the maximum squeezing and the minimum variance of quantum fluctuation are considered. In the meantime, the generalization of frequency degenerate OPA to frequency non-degenerated OPA problem is investigated.     

磁场对光轴运信号的影响

摘 要;在做光泵磁共振实验时,分别研究了竖直线圈和水平线圈产生的磁场对光抽运信号的影响．并做出了它们之间的关系曲线．由此曲线计算了北京地磁场的垂直分量为（0. 0881±0·0015）×10-4T ,估算出北京地磁场的水平分量约为 0．425 ×10-4T．同时,这项工作对于区分光抽运信号和磁共振吸收信号也有一定的帮助．     

脉冲变压器磁芯重复频率复位电路的研究

为了提高脉冲变压器磁芯的利用率,需要给脉冲变压器施加退磁电流,使磁芯达到负向饱和点以获得最大的磁感应强度增量。研究了一种工作电压在几十伏的重复频率脉冲复位电路,产生反向脉冲电流,实现磁芯复位。研究了不同复位电容容量和充电电压条件下的磁芯复位效果,发现磁芯复位效果与复位电容所储存的能量具有正相关性。综合考虑脉冲变压器工作的要求,选用较低工作电压和较大复位电容容量的方案。对比分析了有无磁芯复位时硅钢带环形磁芯脉冲变压器的磁化特性,说明了加入复位电路的必要性。试验表明,该复位电路在50 Hz重复频率下可长时间稳定运行。     

垂直磁场对光抽运信号的影响

保持扫场和垂直磁场合成的叠加磁场大小一定,定量研究了地磁场的垂直分量抵消不同时叠加磁场方向变化角度Δθ对光抽运信号幅度的影响.结果表明:光抽运信号幅度随叠加磁场方向变化角度Δθ的增大而增大,当Δθ=180°时,即地磁场的垂直分量完全抵消时,光抽运信号幅度最大,并用量子理论的观点解释了这一规律.     

光抽运信号与线圈电流的关系

分别固定水平线圈和垂直线圈的电流后,在不同的光抽运信号下测定了铷样品吸收池的透射光强度与垂直线圈和水平线圈电流的关系曲线．得到了只有在正常光抽运信号下,透射光强度才与cos^2θ成正比的结论．指出了只有在正常光抽运信号下,地磁场的垂直分量被垂直线圈的磁场抵消时,吸收池的透射光强度才最强．     

Optogalvanic detection of velocity-selective optical pumping in an open, cascade atomic medium

We performed two-color spectroscopy of the (4s²) ¹S₀ → (4s4p) ¹P₁ → (4p²) ¹D₂ calcium atomic transition and observed velocity-selective optical pumping in a calcium hollow cathode lamp by means of optogalvanic detection. The optical pumping signature in optogalvanic detection is compared to that of fluorescence and transmission detections. The optogalvanic technique is found to be a very sensitive method of detecting optical pumping and could be used in distinguishing optical pumping from electromagnetically induced transparency.     

Optical pumping nuclear magnetic resonance system rotating in a plane parallel to the quantization axis

A model of an optical pumping nuclear magnetic resonance system rotating in a plane parallel to the quantization axis is presented. Different coordinate frames for nuclear spin polarization vector are introduced, and theoretical calculation is conducted to analyze this model. We demonstrate that when the optical pumping nuclear magnetic resonance system rotates in a plane parallel to the quantization axis, it will maintain a steady state with respect to the quantization axis which is independent of rotational speed and direction.     

Effect of optical pumping on the momentum relaxation time of graphene in the terahertz range

The momentum relaxation time of a photoexcited graphene in the THz frequency range has been studied by using terabertz time domain spectroscopy under optical pumping at room temperature. It is found that the momentum relaxation time of the graphene as a function of the optical pumping intensity exhibits a threshold behavior. The features of the momentum relaxation time as a function of the optical pumping intensity are also investigated. The results are useful for understanding the basic underlying physics of graphene scattering as well as finding the possible applications in carbon- based electronics.     

光磁共振实验中双量子跃迁及射频场谐波干扰

由于射频场谐波的存在,致使其二次谐波的共振跃迁与双量子跃迁信号重叠。因此观察双量子跃迁,必须首先排除射频场二次谐波共振的影响,本文分析了光磁双共振实验中关于双量子跃迁产生的条件、判断和观测,并分析了多频率共振的原因。     

光磁共振实验中扫场的作用和影响

讨论了方波和三角波扫场对光抽运信号和磁共振信号的作用和影响,阐明了应如何选择方波和三角波扫场信号的大小和方向,才能得到理想的光抽运信号和磁共振信号的方法．     

多通道表面放电光泵浦源触发特性研究

介绍了多通道表面放电光泵浦源的设计,理论分析了触发电压幅值及上升时间、绝缘基板厚度等参数对所设计光泵浦源触发特性的影响。分析表明：在触发电压作用下,通道两电极处电场出现强烈畸变,而通道中间电场基本为零。采用高速相机拍摄泵浦源的放电图像以及电流线圈测量各通道的放电电流这两种方法实验研究了泵浦源的同步性及放电均匀性。当氮氩混合气体总气压为0.1 MPa (氮氩体积比为3∶7),充电电压20 kV,触发电压30 kV,前沿约10 ns时,成功实现了10通道均匀放电,抖动约20 ns。实验结果表明：在保证放电装置绝缘良好的情况下,若充电电压和触发电压越高,触发电压上升时间越短,触发电极至通道的有效距离越短,则多通道放电的抖动就越小,放电均匀性越好。     

高重复频率高效率光参量啁啾脉冲放大研究

准相位匹配晶体在光参量放大过程具有更大的有效非线性系数,数值分析显示在光参量前级放大过程中就能够提供6.2×106的高增益饱和放大,参量转换效率大于25%,并基于准相位匹配的参量增益特性给出了一个全二极管激光器泵浦的亚TW级高重复频率OPCPA系统的优化设计.