Intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction of α-fluoroacrylate derivatives promoted by novel bidentate aluminum Lewis acid

Intramolecular Diels-Alder (IMDA) reaction of α-fluoroacrylate derivatives 1a-e having 1,7,9-decatrienoate system is efficiently promoted by the novel bidentate Lewis acid A generated in situ by mixing 3,3′,5,5′-tetrabromo-1,1′-biphenyl-2,2′-diol (Br₄BIPOL, 1 mol) and trimethylaluminum (2 mol). The IMDA reaction of α-fluoroacrylates proceeds via endo-boat transition state as in the case of the corresponding non-fluorinated acrylate.     

Reaction of 2- and 3-furylmethanephosphonates with esters

2- and 3-furylmethanephosphonates are acylated with ethyl formate, diethyl oxalate, and ethyl trifluoroacetate in toluene in the presence of sodium foil to afford five phosphorylated derivatives of furylacetic aldehyde, furylpyruvic acid, and 1,1,1-trifluoro-1-(2-furyl)propan-2-one. In a chloroform solution these compounds exist in the equilibrium with their enolic forms. When treated with sodium ethylate they form sodium salts which were isolated and characterized by ¹H, ¹³C, and ³¹P NMR spectroscopy. It was shown that in DMSO solutions sodium salts of formyl and oxalyl derivatives of 2-furylmethanephosphonate exist as mixtures of the carbanion and enolate forms. In the first case the carbanion form is predominant, while in the second one the enolate forms prevail. Sodium salt of formylated 3-furylmetanephosphonate exists only in the carbanion form, while the salt of 3-furylpyruvate is enolate. The alkylation of these salts with iodomethane proceeds at the carbon atom as well as at the oxygen one. First reaction pathway is often preferred.     

Formic acid regeneration by electromembrane processes

Waters containing low amounts of sodium formate and sodium hydroxide were processed in order to regenerate formic acid. The treatment was performed in three steps: wastewaters neutralization, sodium formate concentration by conventional electrodialysis (ED), and sodium formate splitting into formic acid and sodium hydroxide by bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED). A coupling of these processes was performed. ED was carried out with a current efficiency of 90% and sodium formate concentration up to 2 mol dm⁻³. BMED was performed in a three-compartment cell configuration. Formic acid solution up to 30% was obtained with current efficiency of 80% under a current density of 500 A m⁻². Diffusion of molecular formic acid explains the current efficiency loss. The current efficiency varies with acid concentration and current density. Diffusion is more important through the anion-exchange membrane than through the bipolar membrane (2.5-fold).

Depleted salt produced in BMED was recycled to the neutralisation step.     

Substituted metal carbonyls XXIII . Syntheses of unicoordinated diphosphine complexes of Cr and Mo and their entry into heterobimetallics MM′(CO)10(μ-P-P) [M, M′= Cr, Mo, W; P---P = Ph2P(CH2)nPPh2, n = 2–4] as metalloligands

A series of pentacarbonyl complexes of chromium and molybdenum with unicoordinated-diphosphines, M(CO)₅(η¹-P-P) (P-P = dppe, dppp, dppb) has been prepared by amine oxide-induced phosphine substitution of the binary carbonyls. The basicity of the pendant phosphine groups was demonstrated by their ready conversion to the diphosphine-bridged heterobimetallic complexes (OC)₅M(μ-P-P)M′(CO)₅ (M, M′= Cr, Mo, W; M ≠ M′) in the presence of MCO)₅(CH₃CN). The complexes were characterized by IR and NMR (¹H and ³¹P-{¹H}) spectroscopy.     

Microwave Assisted Synthesis of 3,3',3″,3'″-o-,p-Phenylenedi-methylidinetetrakis-(4-hydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one)

Under microwave irradiation,2,2'-alkoxy-bridging or 4,4'-alkoxy-bridging dibenzaldehydes reacted with 4-hydroxycoumarin in DMF to give a series of 3,3',3″,3'″-o-and 3,3',3″,3'″-p-phenylenedimethylidinetetrakis-(4-hydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-ones) in moderate yields.The structures of the synthetic coumarin derivatives were characterized with IR,1H NMR and MS spectroscopy as well as X-ray single crystallography.     

碳包覆Ti_2Nb_2O_9纳米片的制备及其储钠性能

具有两种不同阳离子的二元金属氧化物在钠离子电池中可发生可逆的多电子反应,是一类非常具有应用前景的高容量负极材料。在本项工作中,通过离子交换法和化学剥离法得到HTiNbO_5纳米片,采用水热法将其与蔗糖复合再经由后续热处理得到碳包覆的Ti_2Nb_2O_9纳米片材料。碳包覆的Ti_2Nb_2O_9纳米片可用作钠离子电池的负极材料,具有更高的电子导电性和多的反应活性点以及快速的离子传输通道,在50 m A?g~(-1)的电流密度下具有265.2 m Ah?g~(-1)的可逆容量。在0.5A?g~(-1)的大电流密度下,循环200圈之后比容量为160.9 m Ah?g~(-1) (容量保持率75.3%)。研究结果表明Ti_2Nb_2O_9/C纳米片在钠离子电池中具有出色的充放电性能和循环稳定性,为钠离子电池负极材料提供了可行的新选择。     

Rearrangement of 2-aryl-3,3-dichloroazetidines: intermediacy of 2-azetines

An easy synthesis of 2-aryl-3,3-dichloroazetidines, a rather unexplored class of azaheterocycles, is described. The title compounds were easily obtained by reduction of the corresponding 4-aryl-3,3-dichloro-2-azetidinones with monochloroalane, which in turn were synthesized by a ketene-imine [2 + 2] cycloaddition. The reactivity of 3,3-dichloroazetidines with bases was investigated, yielding 2-[dimethoxy(aryl)methyl]aziridines by ring contraction when treated with sodium methoxide. Furthermore, reacting the 3,3-dichloroazetidines with sodium hydride in DMSO, followed by aqueous workup, afforded 1-alkyl-2-aroylaziridines, by hydrolysis of the intermediate 2-azetines and ring closure of the transient 3-amino-2-chloro-1-phenyl-1-propanone derivatives. Monitoring this reaction in an NMR tube, using sodium hydride in DMSO-d(6), allowed the characterization of the intermediate strained heterocyclic enamines, i.e., 2-azetines, by (1)H and (13)C NMR.     

无金属催化合成3,3-二氟-2-氧化吲哚衍生物

发展了一种合成3,3-二氟-2-氧化吲哚及其衍生物的新方法。 以简单的芳香胺和溴二氟乙酸乙酯为起始原料,在无溶剂和N₂气保护下搅拌5 h,得到含二氟的氮乙酰苯胺衍生物中间体,产率85%~93%。 该中间体与碘甲烷反应,得到N-甲基保护的乙酰苯胺衍生物,产率75%~90%。 该衍生物在3.0化学计量促进剂次硫酸氢钠甲醛的存在下,以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺/H₂O为溶剂,发生分子内自由基关环反应,得到3,3-二氟-2-氧化吲哚及其衍生物,产率53%~72%。 该方法原料便宜,不使用任何金属化合物,最后一步以水相为溶剂,较为环保,具有潜在的工业应用价值。     

Synthese von 2-Oxo-2H-pyran-5-Carboxylat-Derivaten

Synthesis of 2-Oxo-2H-pyran-5-carboxylate Derivatives 3-Substituted diethyl pent-2-enedioates are easily formylated by means of ethyl formate/TiCl⁴/4-methylmorpholine to produce the ethoxymethylene derivatives, which are smoothly cyclized either with HCOOH or PPA to corresponding 2-oxo-2H-pyran-5-carboxylate derivatives.     

原位相分离合成V_2O_5/Fe_2V_4O_(13)纳米复合材料及其储钠性能

钠具有资源丰富、成本低廉等优势,因此钠离子电池被认为是未来替代锂离子电池的最佳候选者之一。然而,寻找合适的电极材料是当前制备高性能钠离子电池面临的难题之一。在众多候选材料中,钒酸盐材料通过引入阳离子增加钒的配位数,使得材料结构的稳定性得到提高,从而改善了钠离子电池的电化学性能。本文研究了一种原位相分离法合成V_2O_5/Fe_2V_4O_(13)纳米复合材料。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)等对电极材料形貌、组成和结构进行了表征。实验结果显示,V_2O_5/Fe_2V_4O_(13)纳米复合材料相对于V2O5纳米线材料,结构更加稳定,在0.1 A·g~(-1)电流密度下,初始放电容量由295.4 m Ah·g~(-1)提升到342 m Ah·g~(-1),循环100圈容量保持率由26.6%提高到65.8%,获得了更加优异的倍率性能(在1.0 A·g~(-1)电流密度下,容量由44 m Ah·g~(-1)提高到160 m Ah·g~(-1))。因此,V_2O_5/Fe_2V_4O_(13)纳米复合材料的研究为开拓新型高性能钠离子电池负极材料拓宽了思路。     

Furopyridines. IX. Syntheses and properties of 3-ethoxy derivatives of furo[2,3-b]-, furo[3,2-b]-, furo[2,3-c]- and furo[3,2-c]pyridine

Reaction of ethyl 3-ethoxycarbonylmethoxyfuropyridine-2-carboxylates 2a-2d with sodium ethoxide afforded 3-ethoxy derivatives 3a-3d which converted to 3-ethoxyfuropyridines 5a-5d by hydrolysis and decarboxylation of the ester group. Vilsmeier reaction of 5a and 5b gave 2-formyl-3-ethoxy derivatives 6a and 6b and 2-formyl-3-chloro derivatives 7a and 7b , while 5c and 5d did not give any formyl compound. Bromination of 3-ethoxyfuropyridines with 1 equivalent mole of bromine gave 2-bromo-3-ethoxyfuropyridines 9a-9d , whereas reaction with 3 equivalents of bromine yielded 2,2-dibromo-3,3-diethoxy-2,3-dihydrofuropyridines ( 10a and 10b ) and/or 2-bromo-3,3-diethoxy-2,3-dihydrofuropyridines 11b , 11c and 11d . Treatment of compounds 5a-5d with n-butyllithium in hexane-tetrahydrofuran at ?70° and subsequent addition of N,N-dimethylformamide yielded 2-formyl derivatives 6a-6d .     

Na2EDTA返滴定法测定铜镍合金中的镍含量

采用Na₂EDTA返滴定法测定铜镍合金中的镍含量,用柠檬酸钠、硫代硫酸钠和酒石酸作掩蔽剂,丁二酮肟沉淀分离,以二甲酚橙为指示剂,加入过量的Na2EDTA,用氯化锌标准溶液返滴定,能很好地分离铜及其他杂质的干扰。方法用于测定铜镍合金中的镍含量,测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=9)为0.046%~0.24%,加标回收率为99.3%~101%。能够满足日常样品的检测要求。     

Efficient synthesis of 3,3′,5,5′-tetra(p-X-phenylethynyl)biphenyl (X: NMe2; OMe) by homocoupling of 1-bromo-3,5-di(p-X-phenylethynyl)benzene or by heterocoupling of 3,3′,5,5′-tetraethynylbiphenyl with p-X-phenylbromobenzene with nickel or palladium complexes, respectively

The conjugated 3,3′,5,5′-tetra(p-X-phenylethynyl)biphenyl derivatives were efficiently obtained by homocoupling of 1-bromo-3,5-di(p-X-phenylethynyl)benzene mediated by zero-valent nickel complexes.The 1-bromo-3,5-di(p-X-phenylethynyl)benzene was previously prepared by heterocoupling between 1-bromo-3,5-di(ethynyl)benzene and p-X-iodobenzene (X: NMe₂; OMe) catalysed by the palladium/copper system in good yield. The necessary 1-bromo-3,5-di(ethynyl)benzene was obtained by heterocoupling between 1,3,5-tribromobenzene and 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol catalysed by palladium and successive treatment with sodium hydroxide in dry toluene, in good yield.The same 3,3′,5,5′-tetra(p-X-phenylethynyl)biphenyl (X: NMe₂; OMe) derivatives were alternatively synthesised in highest yield by heterocoupling between 3,3′,5,5′-tetra(ethynyl)biphenyl and p-X-bromobenzene (X: NMe₂; OMe) catalysed by palladium in excellent yields. Previously, 3,3′,5,5′-tetra(ethynyl)biphenyl was obtained in practically quantitative yield by homocoupling of 1-bromo-3,5-di[4-(2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol)] benzene mediated by the zero-valent nickel complex to the 3,3′,5,5′-tetra{di[4-(2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol)]}biphenyl followed the treatment with sodium hydroxide.     

Solvothermal Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Photoluminescent Property of a Novel 3D [Ca2（HCOO）2（nds）（H2O）2]n

A novel calcium（Ⅱ） metal-organic framework [Ca2（HCOO）2（nds）（H2O）2]n（1） with mixed 1,5-naphthalenedisulfonate sodium salt（1,5-nds） and formate as organic ligands has been obtained under solvothermal conditions.It was found that theμ3-η2∶η2 bridging mode of HCOO-in compound 1 is uncommon.Moreover,the formate,which was in situ formed from N,N＇-dimethylformamide,played an important role in the formation of 3D structure.HCOO-ligands bridged Ca（Ⅱ） ions into grid-like layers that were further pillared by the 1,5-nds ligand to form a 3D Ca-based framework.Compound 1 also exhibits a strong blue luminescence at room temperature.     

Oxidimetric methods for the volumetric estimation of sulphite

1. The use of permanganate, ceric sulphate, and dichromate for the estimation of sulphite has been reinvestigated, although these reagents have heen discarded as useless by earlier investigators. By using catalysts under controlled acid concentration, we have been able to develop conditions for the quantitative oxidation of sulphite to sulphate at room temperature by any one of these oxidizing agents, avoiding the formation of dithionate. Copper sulphate and iodine monochlonde have been found useful as catalysts with potassium permanganate and dichromate; but only iodine monochloride with ceric sulphate. 2. Sodium sulphite is also oxidized quantitatively to sulphate at room temperature, when added to excess of sodium vanadate solution containing 5 to 6N hydrochloric acid and iodine monochloride as catalyst.     

Iron(III), cobalt(II,III), copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes of 2-pyridineformamide 3-piperidylthiosemicarbazone

Reduction of 2-cyanopyridine by sodium in the presence of 3-piperidylthiosemicarbazide produces 2-pyridineformamide 3-piperidylthiosemicarbazone, HAmpip. Complexes with iron(III), cobalt(II,III) copper(II) and zinc(II) have been prepared and characterized by molar conductivities, magnetic susceptibilities and spectroscopic techniques. In addition, the crystal structures of HAmpip, [Fe(Ampip)₂]ClO₄, [Cu(HAmpip)Cl₂]·CH₃OH and [Zn(HAmpip)Br₂]·C₂H₆SO have been determined. Coordination is via the pyridyl nitrogen, imine nitrogen and thiolato or thione sulfur when coordinating as the anionic or neutral ligand, respectively.     

CuS/Ag2S纳米复合物的制备及类过氧化物酶性质

采用水热法合成了一种微球状的CuS/Ag₂S纳米复合物. 通过透射电子显微镜、 紫外-可见吸收光谱和拉曼光谱等对其形貌及光学性质进行了表征; 考察了其类过氧化物酶性质, 并通过表面增强拉曼散射原位监测了类过氧化物酶催化反应. 以3,3',5,5'-四甲基联苯胺(TMB)为底物进行显色反应, 结果表明, 在H₂O₂存在下CuS/Ag₂S 纳米复合物具有类过氧化物酶的性质, 可以将无色的TMB氧化成蓝色的oxTMB. 基于此实现了对微量H₂O₂的检测.     

Studies on 3,3′-dichloro-, 4,4′-dichloro- and 5,5′-dichloro,2-2′-dimethyldithizone and their reactions with metal ions

Three new derivatives of dithizone are reported, with their electronic and i.r. spectra, acidity constants and partition coefficients between 0.5 M sodium perchlorate and chloroform or carbon tetrachloride. The extraction equilibria with Cd, Co(II), Hg(II), Ni, Pb, Tl(I), Zn and Bi and the spectrophotometric characteristics of the extractable metal chelates are described. Complete extraction of these complexes requires higher pH than that needed with dithizone itself. The 4,4′-dichloroisomer is more efficient than the 3,3′ and 5,5′-isomers, or dithizone itself, for the separation of cadmium from zinc or cobalt from nickel.     

Mono-substitution of iron pentacarbonyl metal hydride: facilitation

Controlling the degree of substitution of iron pentacarbonyl with neutral ligands has usually been difficult. Conditions are reported whereby considerable control may be exercised over the substitution of iron pentacarbonyl; with PPh₃ the ratio of mono-/disubstitution may be varied over a range of 50. The substituted iron carbonyl complexes were obtained by treating iron pentacarbonyl with lithium aluminum hydride or sodium borohydride in refluxing THF in the presence of a variety of neutral ligands. The method is particularly useful for a simple high yield synthesis for monosubstituted iron carbonyls.     

A novel photosynthetic mimic reaction catalysed by K[Ru(H-EDTA)Cl] · 2H2O; reduction of carbon dioxide to formate and formaldehyde in the presence of an aqueous suspension of Pt—CdS—RuO2

An efficient photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to HCOOH and HCHO is reported using K[Ru(H-EDTA)Cl] · 2H₂O (1) as homogeneous catalyst and particulate Pt—CdS—RuO₂ as photon absorber at 505 nm. This system produces 0.22 M of HCOOH and 0.10 M of HCHO in 6 h of photolysis at rates of 3.05 × 10⁻² M h⁻¹ and 2.0 × 10⁻² M h⁻¹ respectively. Trace amounts of CH₃OH, CH₄ and CO are detected in the reaction vessel. The rates of formation of HCOOH and HCHO exhibit a first-order dependence on the catalyst and dissolved CO₂ concentrations. The reaction shows deuterium isotope effects (k_H/k_D) of 1.5 and 2.00 for the formation of HCOOH and HCHO respectively. Under identical experimental conditions, the rate of decomposition of formate was studied. The rate of decomposition of formate is slower (by two orders of magnitude compared with the formation of formate) even at high formate concentrations. A mechanism for the formation of HCOOH and HCHO is proposed.