超声波萃取-高效液相色谱测定咖啡粉和速溶咖啡中的葫芦巴碱

建立了高效液相色谱测定咖啡粉和速溶咖啡中葫芦巴碱含量的方法。采用Waters BondPak NH2色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm),以甲醇-水(82:18, v/v)为流动相,流速0.8 mL/min,检测波长260 nm。葫芦巴碱线性范围为1～40 mg/L (相关系数为0.9998)。分别进行日内、日间和人员比对测定葫芦巴碱的重复性试验及加标回收率试验。经测定,样品的加标回收率大于90%,相对标准偏差小于3%。比较了超声波萃取和热浸提萃取方法测定葫芦巴碱含量的差异,两个方法的测定结果符合线性关系,相关系数为0.9964。该法简便、快速、灵敏度高,适用于咖啡豆中葫芦巴碱分析以及咖啡豆原料与制品的质量控制。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定罗布麻叶中的绿原酸

采用反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)在ODS Hypersil(5μm,125 mm×4mm i.d.)色谱柱上以甲醇、体积分数2%HAc为流动相测定了罗布麻叶中的绿原酸。流动相的流速为0.6 mL/min,检测波长为328 nm,建立了回归方程y=11071.10V-27.06,r=0.9999,绿原酸的回收率为98.54%。     

Influence of the surfactant bromide of cetyltrimetyl ammonium in the determination of chlorogenic acid in instant coffee and mate tea samples

In this study, two quantitative differential-pulse polarography (DPP) and square-wave voltammetry (SWV) methods were developed to determine total chlorogenic acid (CGA). Studies on this compound involve its reduction at a hanging mercury drop electrode in micellar media—a simple, fast, reliable, and sensitive method. The use of surfactant cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was pivotal to the development of these methods, allowing for satisfactory changes in CGA reduction. The supporting electrolyte which provided the best-defined CGA determination was 0.04-mol L⁻¹ phosphate buffer at pH 6.0 in the presence of CTAB. Based on this use and under optimized conditions, the two new DPP and SWV methods for CGA analysis had detection limits of 2.36 × 10⁻⁷ and 1.34 × 10⁻⁹ mol L⁻¹, respectively, for a pure standard. Analysis of the standard in the presence of treated instant coffee and mate tea samples allowed for good average recovery rates, ranging from 97.06% to 105.90%.     

反相高效液相色谱法同时测定咖啡豆中的6种酚酸类化合物

建立了同时测定咖啡豆中6种酚酸类化合物(咖啡酸、3-咖啡酰奎尼酸、4-咖啡酰奎尼酸、5-咖啡酰奎尼酸、3,5-二咖啡酰奎尼酸、4,5-二咖啡酰奎尼酸)的反相高效液相色谱测定方法。采用Kromasil C18柱(200 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm),以乙腈和0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,二极管阵列检测器检测,45 min内可对6种目标物进行同时检测,且各化合物都能达到基线分离。经测定,样品中6种酚酸类化合物的加标回收率为90.76%～104.73%,相对标准偏差为0.7%～3.9%。该法简便、快速、灵敏度高,适用于咖啡豆中6种酚酸类化合物的同时分析以及咖啡豆原料与制品的质量控制和综合评价。     

Preparation of chlorogenic acid surface-imprinted magnetic nanoparticles and their usage in separation of Traditional Chinese Medicine

The chlorogenic acid (CGA) surface-imprinted magnetic polymer nanoparticles have been prepared via water-in-oil-in-water multiple emulsions suspension polymerization. This kind of molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (MIPs) had the core-shell structure with the size of about 50 nm. Magnetic susceptibility was given by the successful encapsulation of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles with a high encapsulation efficiency of 19.3 wt%. MIPs showed an excellent recognition and selection properties for the imprinted molecule CGA. The recognition capacity of MIPs was near three times than that of non-imprinted polymer nanoparticles (NIPs). Compared with the competitive molecule caffeic acid (CFA), the selectivity of MIPs for CGA was 6.06 times as high as that of NIPs. MIPs could be reused and regenerated, and their rebinding amount in the fifth use was up to 78.85% of that in the first use. The MIPs prepared were successfully applied to the separation of CGA from the extract of Traditional Chinese Medicine Honeysuckle.     

Sequential injection chromatography against HPLC and CE: Application to separation and quantification of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid

Sequential injection chromatography (SIC) has been recently proposed as an alternative separation technique. SIC has the advantages of inexpensiveness, rapid operation procedure, small dimension, short stabilization time, friendly maintenance process and less reagent consumption. In contrast, SIC has had suffered from some limitations. In the current study, a higher pressure resistant selection valve with additional ports than that available in commercially SIC systems was installed. This development allows achieving solution propulsion without showing leakage and linking more standard/sample solutions. In addition, a new method for the separation and quantification of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid in pharmaceutical formulations has been optimized and validated. A comparative study on the efficiency of the SIC method with previous HPLC and CE methods was conducted as well. Besides the benefits of the instrumentation of SIC, the proposed method has shown some advantages over previous HPLC and CE methods with respect to reagent consumption and sample frequency. Other such analytical characters of the SIC method as resolution, peak symmetry, number of theoretical plates, linearity range, accuracy, precision and limits of detection and quantification, recorded comparable results with those obtained from previous HPLC and CE methods.     

Use of different anticoagulants for HPLC separation and quantification of the free amino acid content of plasma

Amino acid analysis in plasma samples is a very important and difficult task and could represent a useful tool for preventing the occurrence of some diseases (diabetes, cancer, HIV disease). Even though amino acid analysis has been thoroughly investigated, there are still some steps which are not so clear in this analytical procedure, e.g. the coagulation process of the blood to afford plasma and serum. Various anticoagulants are used in clinical chemistry: in this paper we have investigated three commonly used anticoagulants, heparin, EDTA, and sodium citrate. The blood samples have been divided into three portions and each portion treated with a different anticoagulant. The entire analytical procedure (from blood collection to the coagulation all the way to HPLC analysis) has been extensively investigated; the chromatograms and the amino acid recoveries are reported, and the three anticoagulants compared. Finally, the best anticoagulant has been used to analyze glycemic curves of healthy patients: the behavior of essential amino acids in the different blood samples withdrawn has been studied.     

基于高效液相色谱定量指纹图谱和液相色谱-质谱联用定量的酸枣仁提取物质量考察

酸枣仁具有显著的改善睡眠和抗焦虑等作用,其提取物在助眠类功能食品开发中应用前景广阔。但目前市场上酸枣仁提取物质量参差不齐,缺乏统一标准,企业在使用时面临较大的质量风险,因此亟须建立一种准确、全面的内控质量评价方法。针对酸枣仁提取物中黄酮和皂苷两类主要活性成分紫外响应差异巨大且水提物中皂苷成分含量低的问题,该研究建立了酸枣仁水提物HPLC定量指纹图谱方法,共标定了8个共有峰。通过对照品指认、文献比对以及高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱数据解析,8个共有峰均为黄酮类化合物,该方法可同时实现7种黄酮成分的半定量对比分析和斯皮诺素的含量测定;采用超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱,在正离子模式下,以多反应监测扫描方式可实现酸枣仁皂苷A和B的含量测定;最终以雷达图展现上述10种成分的半定量和定量数据。应用上述方法,该研究对比分析了实验室自制的3批酸枣仁水提物和15家供应商的15批提取物样品。结果显示,实验室自制的3批酸枣仁水提物虽然原料来自不同饮片企业,但总体差异性不大,而不同厂家提供的酸枣仁提取物样品成分含量差异巨大,提示不同厂家存在辅料稀释、理枣仁掺假和醇提或纯化富集等情况。该法为企业制定内控质量标准和筛选合格供应商提供了依据。     

高效液相梯度洗脱法测定杏香兔耳风中绿原酸和芦丁

建立了反相高效液相色谱法同时测定不同来源的杏香兔耳风中的绿原酸和芦丁。采用Kromasil C18柱(4.6 mm i.d.×250 mm,5μm),以甲醇-0.5%H3PO4的水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱程序为0 min(30∶70)-15 min(30∶70)-20min(50∶50)-40 min(50∶50);流速0.8 mL/min;检测波长350 nm;柱温25℃;光电二极管阵列检测器(PAD)。绿原酸线性范围为0.654~5.886μg,r=0.9997,样品的平均加标回收率为98.6%,RSD 1.7%;芦丁线性范围为0.218~1.962μg,r=0.9993,样品的平均加标回收率为97.1%,RSD 2.3%。本法可作为杏香兔耳风中绿原酸和芦丁的定量分析方法。     

HPLC法测定人尿中尿酸含量

建立了一种人体尿液中尿酸含量的高效液相色谱测定方法.采用ACE5 AQ亲水色谱柱,pH3.2的乙酸水溶液为流动相,检测波长280nm.尿酸含量在7.1～224.6μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,平均加样回收率为99.7%～100.5%,RSD小于1.4%.将该法用于健康人和肝硬化病人尿液样本的测定,两类样本中尿酸含量无显...     

Quantitative determination of fluoxetine in human serum by high performance thin layer chromatography

A high performance thin layer chromatographic method was developed and validated for the quantification of fluoxetine in human serum. Fluoxetine was extracted by liquid–liquid extraction method with diethyl ether as extraction solvent. Imipramine was used as internal standard. The chromatographic separation was achieved on precoated silica gel F 254 high performance thin layer chromatographic plates using a mixture of toluene/acetic acid glacial (4:5 v/v) as mobile phase. 4‐Dimethylamino‐azobenzene‐4‐sulphonyl chloride was used as derivatization reagent. Densitometric detection was done at 272 nm. The method was linear between 12.5 and 87.5 ng/spot, corresponding to 0.05 and 0.35 ng/μL of fluoxetine in human serum after extraction process and applying 25 μL to the chromatographic plates. The method correlation coefficient was 0.999. The intra‐assay and inter‐assay precisions, expressed as the RSD, were in the range of 0.70–2.01% (n=3) and 0.81–3.90% (n=9), respectively. The LOD was 0.23 ng, and the LOQ was 0.70 ng. The method proved be accurate, with a recovery between 94.75 and 98.95%, with a RSD not higher than 3.61% and was selective for the active principle tested. This method was successfully applied to quantify fluoxetine in patient serum samples. In conclusion, the method is useful for quantitative determination of fluoxetine in human serum.     

乙酸和一氯乙酸电离常数的高效毛细管区带电泳法测定

首次建立了测定一氯乙酸和乙酸的电离常数的高效毛细管区带电泳新方法.该方法利用中性标记物和电流突跃两种方法来标记电渗流,通过测定乙酸和一氯乙酸在一定pH的缓冲溶液中的电泳淌度,结合数据回归分析拟合,求得乙酸和一氯乙酸的电离常数;所得数据和文献报道值较为接近.总体而言,毛细管区带电泳法可简单、快速、可靠地用于测定待测化合物的电离常数.     

高效液相色谱法测定烟火药剂中的没食子酸

建立了烟火药剂中没食子酸的高效液相色谱检测方法。采用ZorbaxEclipse XDB-C18色谱柱(4.6×150 mm)分离,以甲醇-0.1%冰乙酸水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL/min;测定温度为25℃;采用紫外检测器检测,检测波长为274 nm。没食子酸的质量浓度在0.5~20μg/mL时与色谱峰面积之间线性关系良好(相关系数r=0.9999);对烟火药剂样品进行3个不同浓度水平的添加回收,回收率为90.8%~100.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.2%~6.4%。     

Comparison of spectrophotometric and HPLC methods for determination of lipid peroxidation products in rat brain tissues

Two methods for determination of lipid peroxidation (LPX) products in rat brain homogenates were compared. The thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test and HPLC assay for analysis of malondialdehyde (MDA) were applied. Rat brain homogenate dissolved in tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane hydrochloride (Tris-HCl) was mixed with TBA and H₃PO₄ and heated at 100°C to form colored complex that was extracted into butanol. No significant differences were found between the contents of TBA-reacting substances and their amount deduced from the MDA-TBA analysis. The presented results show that LPX products in brain homogenates can be determined without interferences also by the TBA test. Moreover, a survey of various methods used for the sample preparation before analysis of LPX products originating from different brain areas was made and compared with the obtained results.     

Identification and determination of corticosteroids in adrenal gland extracts for pharmaceutical use by HPLC

Summary Some HPLC procedures with isocratic or gradient elution are reported for the identification and determination of most of the characteristic components of cortical extracts. The proposed solvent systems were: A) for normal phase chromatography, mixtures of chloroform-methanol-water on silica columns. B) For reversed phase chromatography, mixtures of methanol-water or acetonitrile-water or tetrahydrofuran-water on octadecyl silica columns of different brands. With these systems it was possible to identify and determine, in addition to the principal corticosteroids, some minor components of the cortical extracts as the 20β-dihydroderivatives of compounds F, E, A, B, the 17-ketosteroids adrenosterone, 11β-hydroxyandrostendione and androstendione and finally, progesterone and 17-OH progesterone. In reversed phase chromatography it was also possible, by monitoring the effluent at 205 nm, to reveal the 5α- and 5β-tetrahydroderivatives of the main corticosteroids and to separate them from most of the steroidal components of the adrenal extracts; in these conditions it was also possible to reveal some characteristic, unknown components of the cortical extracts. Some results of quantitative analysis of cortical extracts are also reported, comparing different analytical procedures. Presented at the 15th International Symposium on Chromatography, Nürnberg, October 1984     

高效液相色谱法同时测定反应液中的巯基乙酸和巯基乙酸异辛酯

建立了同时测定反应液中的巯基乙酸(TGA)和巯基乙酸异辛酯(TGB)的高效液相色谱分析方法.实验采用Shimpack C18色谱柱,紫外检测器,检测波长210 nm,以V(乙腈)∶V(水)=70∶30作为流动相(用H3PO4调节流动相pH为3),流速1.0 mL/min,柱温30 ℃.结果表明,TGA和TGB在上述色谱条件下可实现较好分离,测定结果的最大相对标准偏差分别为0.53%和0.46%,检出限分别为2.03×10-3 g/L和6.11×10-3 g/L,加标回收率分别在99.0%～100.8%和99.1%～100.7%.     

高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中的泛酸及D-泛醇

建立了对不同基质化妆品(膏霜、乳液、水剂化妆品、油剂化妆品、蜡基化妆品、指甲油等)中泛酸(维生素B5)及D-泛醇(维生素原B5)的富集方法及同时测定的高效液相色谱(HPLC)法。利用水和与水不互溶的有机溶剂组成的双液相体系,首先将泛酸及D-泛醇与化妆品中油溶性成分及表面活性剂等基质成分初步分离,然后用亚铁氰化钾-乙酸锌共沉淀剂去除提取液中的水溶性成分,继而在酸性条件下将泛酸和D-泛醇富集于C18固相萃取填料上,脱除其他水溶性干扰物后,用40%甲醇水溶液洗脱,用HPLC分离,紫外检测器检测,外标法定量。该方法在泛酸和D-泛醇的含量为0.1～10 μg/g范围内有很好的线性,线性相关系数分别为0.9989和0.9996。不同化妆品基质中目标成分的方法回收率均在90%以上。对泛酸及D-泛醇的检出限均为30 μg/g,定量限均为100 μg/g。实验表明该方法可用于化妆品中泛酸及D-泛醇的同时测定,结果准确可靠。     

Rapid and Highly Sensitive HPLC and TLC Methods for Quantitation of Amlodipine Besilate and Valsartan in Bulk Powder and in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and in Human Plasma

Two simple, sensitive, and specific high-performance liquid chromatography and thin-layer chromatography methods were developed for the simultaneous estimation of Amlodipine besilate (AM) and Valsartan (VL). Separation by HPLC was achieved using a xTerra C18 column and methanol /acetonitrile /water/ 0.05% triethylamine in a ratio 40:20:30:10 by volume as mobile phase, pH was adjusted to 3 ± 0.1 with o-phosphoric acid. The flow rate was 1.2 mL min^?1. The linearity range was 0.2 to 2 µg mL^?1 for amlodipine besilate and 0.4 to 4 µg mL^?1 for Valsartan with a mean percentage recovery of 99.59 ± 0.523% and 100.61 ± 0.400% for amlodipine besilate and valsartan, respectively. The TLC method used silica gel 60 F₂₅₄ plates; the optimized mobile phase was ethyl acetate/ methanol / ammonium hydroxide (55:45:5 by volume). Quantitatively, the spots were scanned densitometrically at 237 nm. The range was 0.5–4.0 µg spot^?1 for amlodipine besilate and 2.0–12.0 µg spot^?1 for valsartan. The mean percentages recovery was 99.80 ± 0.451% and 100.61 ± 0.363% for amlodipine besilate and valsartan, respectively. The HPLC method was found to be simple, selective, precise, and reproducible for the estimation of both drugs from spiked human plasma.     

Fast high performance liquid chromatography and ultraviolet-visible quantification of principal phenolic antioxidants in fresh rosemary

An improved HPLC method is reported for the determination of rosemary's principal phenolic antioxidants, rosmarinic and carnosic acids, providing a fast and simultaneous determination for both of them by using a solid phase column. The analysis was performed with fresh methanolic extractions of Rosmarinus officinalis. To quantify the amount of antioxidants in a fast and reproducible way by means of UV-vis absorption measurements, a spectrophotometric multi-wavelength calibration curve was constructed based on the antioxidant contents obtained with the recently developed HPLC method. This UV-vis methodology can be extended to the determination of other compounds and herbs if the restrictions mentioned in the text are respected.