H2O/KDEHP(75%)-HDEHP(25%)/n-HEPTANE微乳体系表面活性剂与水相互作用的谱学研究

利用傅里叶变换拉曼光谱和傅里叶变换红外光谱对H2O/KDEHP(75%)-HDEHP(25%)/n-HEPTANE微乳体系的表面活性剂疏水链和极性头基与水分子的相互作用进行了研究.结果表明:当加水量由W0＝1增加至43时,表面活性剂极性头基[PO2]-的反对称伸缩振动由1 233 cm-1移至1 207 cm-1,其对称伸缩振动由1 094 cm-1移至1 089 cm-1.表面活性剂疏水链的堆积结构也发生了变化,表现在拉曼光谱上为碳氢振动吸收峰的峰高比Ir(I2 962/I2 875),Ir(I2 937/I2 875),Ir(I2 916/I2 875)和Ir(I2 903/I2 875)随加水量增大而增大.结合二阶导数谱和傅里叶变换退卷积谱,本文还对KDEHP和HDEHP的存在状态进行了探讨,认为体系中表面活性剂分子有多种存在状态.     

H2O／KDEHP(75%)-HDEHP(25%)／n-HEPTANE微乳体系 表面活性剂与水相互作用的谱学研究

利用傅里叶变换拉曼光谱和傅里叶变换红外光谱对H     

催化动力学荧光分析新体系Fe（Ⅲ）—H2O2—糠醛缩7—氨基—8—羟基？…

本文对Fe(Ⅲ)催化过氧化氢氧化新试剂糠醛缩7-氨基-8-羟基喹啉-5-磺酸(简称F7A8Q5S)进行了研究,研究结果表明试剂F7A8Q5S本身荧光很弱,被氧化后呈现强荧光,其荧光峰为λex/λem=330/405(nm),Fe(Ⅲ)的含量在0.0～40.0μg·L-1范围内与荧光强度呈良好线性,检测下限为4.68ng·L-1,由此建立了新试剂F7A8Q5S催化荧光测定痕量Fe(Ⅲ)的新方法,方法用于铸造铝合金中Fe(Ⅲ)的含量测定,结果满意.     

Effect of the mechanical stretching on the ferroelectric properties of a (VDF/TrFE) (75/25) copolymer film

The transition phase behaviour of a vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene (VDF-TrFE) copolymer film was studied after being subjected to different mechanical stretching levels in both longitudinal (L) and transversal (T) directions relatively to the initial extrusion direction. Both ferroelectric-paraelectric (FE-PE) and melting transitions were detected in the films by differential scanning calorimetry, that were not affected by L stretching. This suggests that sliding mechanism along the c-axis of such films during plastic deformation influences slightly the all-trans chain conformations and the CF₂ dipole orientation. On the other hand, the FE-PE peak decreases in area and temperature upon T stretching, indicating a damage of the ferroelectric phase. However, the melting peak maintains unchanged. This fact provides evidence that the mechanical stretching do not change the total degree of crystallinity. The results suggest that the stretching induces a FE-PE phase transformation, without affecting the degree of crystallinity.     

XPS studies of adatom-adatom interactions: I/Ag(111) and I/Cu(111)

We have studied submonolayer adsorption, at room temperature, of iodine on the (111) faces of silver and copper, using LEED and XPS. In both systems the √3 × √3 LEED pattern appears at ～0.2 monolayer (ML) coverage; no other superlattice pattern was observed. The $\text{I}\text{4}\text{d}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>5</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}$ core electron binding energy in both cases decreases by ～0.15 eV between very dilute coverage and 0.33 ML. The leveling-off of the binding energy for I/Ag(111) for coverages >0.2 ML is shown to be a unique experimental manifestation of an indirect, substrate-mediated adatom-adatom interaction, an attraction of several meV between next-nearest neighbor iodine atoms. The more nearly linear decrease in the I binding energy on Cu(111) is shown to imply a significantly weaker next-nearest neighbor interaction on this surface. The appearance of the √3 × √3 LEED pattern at low coverages on Cu is shown to be consistent with short-range order produced merely by a size effect, that is, by nearest neighbor exclusion. These conclusions are reached with the help of Monte Carlo calculations of a triangular lattice gas.     

Reflection and transmission of light in medium/cholesteric/substrate and glass (1)/cholesteric/glass (2) systems

Reflection and transmission of light in medium/cholesteric/substrate and glass (1)/cholesteric/glass (2) systems are discussed. These systems can be viewed as a cholesteric-filled Fabry-Perot resonator. A modified layer-addition method is used. Rigorous explicit expressions for the elements of the Jones matrices for these systems are derived. Reflection, transmission, Faraday-rotation, and polarization-ellipticity spectra were studied. The effect of quasi-monochromatism and degree of polarization of light on the refl ection properties was treated in terms of Müller matrices. The influence of the dielectric boundaries on intrinsic cholesteric polarizations was investigated. It is shown that initially quasi-circular intrinsic polarizations turn to quasi-linear as the difference between the cholesteric mean permittivity and the permittivity of the surrounding medium increases. Features of the Borrmann effect in the presence of dielectric boundaries are discussed.     

Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) studies on the hydration of extractant anions in microemulsions

The hydration of extractant anions was observed by using the subtraction technique to measure the change of band intensities on FTIR. The variation of absorption peaks of ν_s (COO-), ν_as (COO-), ν (P-O-C), ν (P), ν (S) and ν (S-O-C) and their oscillator strengths with the amount of H₂O added has been quantitatively recorded. The results have been explained by the formation of H-bonds between the extractant anions and the H₂O molecule.     

Ordered array and motion of water molecules and ions at the interface between KBr(c)/NaCl(c) and water

The atomic-resolution images at the terrace of KBr(c)/NaCl(c) surface covered with water have been observed using an atomic-force microscope. The direct observation of the vertical motion of cations as well as the water-molecules ordered array at the interface was for the first time demonstrated in the atomic-resolution AFM image. The observed water molecules bridge each bromide ion-pair and are sandwiched between the potassium ions at the higher level right on the underlying bromide ions.     

Time-resolved EPR studies on magnetic interactions between excited triplet (tetraphenylporphinato) zinc and doublet nitroxide radical

By time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TREPR), four (tetraphenylporphinato) zinc (ZnTPP) complexes coordinated by an axial ligand containing a nitroxide radical (NRX; X=4, 5, 8, and 10, denotes the bond number from zinc to nitroxide nitrogen) have been studied in terms of magnetic interactions between the photoexcited triplet state of ZnTPP and NRX. The TREPR spectrum of ZnTPP coordinated by NR10 is almost the same as the one of ZnTPP coordinated by pyridine, indicating that the electron exchange interaction,J, between ZnTPP and the doublet nitroxide is negligibly small. On the other hand, TREPR spectra of the NR4 and NR5 complexes are assigned to the Q₁ state constituted by the ZnTPP and the nitroxide radical. In the case of the ZnTPP-NR8 complex, both T₁ and Q₁ TREPR signals are seen, which may originate from two conformations or degenerate T₁ states of ZnTPP. This EPR study is useful for understanding the photophysical and photochemical properties of chromophores.