基于超分子化学的核酸表观遗传修饰研究

核酸是生物体的遗传物质,在生命体系中发挥着重要作用.除了构成核酸的经典碱基之外,核酸中还存在天然修饰的碱基,这被称为核酸的表观遗传修饰.核酸的表观遗传修饰在基因表达过程中具有重要的调控作用,对生物体遗传和生命生长过程影响很大,并且核酸表观遗传与疾病密切相关.超分子化学是研究分子间键的化学,而许多生物分子都需要通过超分子化学作用来发挥其生物功能,可以说生物体内天然存在着大量的超分子化学过程.本文综合评述了基于超分子化学的核酸表观遗传修饰研究的一些代表性工作.     

纳米荧光探针用于核酸分子的检测及成像研究

核酸,包括脱氧核糖核酸和核糖核酸,在生物的生长、发育、突变、炎症、癌症等正常或异常的生命活动中发挥着重要的作用,它们的异常表达与多种疾病的发生、发展也密切相关.因此,发展准确、有效的方法实现核酸分子的检测,对深入探究核酸的功能调控以及相关疾病的早期检测与治疗都具有重要的意义.荧光检测法与荧光成像技术具有灵敏度高、时空分辨率高等优点,为实时、准确的检测核酸分子提供了有力的工具.本文着重综述了近年来发展的纳米荧光探针用于疾病相关核酸分子的检测与细胞和活体成像工作的研究进展,最后提出了进一步构建新型纳米荧光探针用于核酸检测面临的挑战、未来发展方向与展望.     

纳米孔测序技术在核酸修饰检测中的应用

DNA和RNA上广泛存在着多种化学修饰.这些核酸修饰参与基因表达的调控,影响生长发育等生理过程,并可能会引发癌症等疾病.对核酸修饰的精准识别与定位有助于理解其功能机制,帮助相关疾病的诊断与治疗.纳米孔测序是一种新兴的单分子测序技术,可以根据修饰碱基与天然碱基之间阻孔信号的差异实现核酸序列中多种修饰的同时检测,是目前检测核酸修饰最直接的方法.本文简要介绍了纳米孔测序技术的发展和原理以及识别核酸修饰的算法工具,总结了纳米孔测序技术在核酸修饰检测中的应用,并对其发展前景进行了展望.     

基于核酸适体的丙肝病毒核心蛋白检测新方法

丙型病毒性肝炎是由丙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis C virus,HCV)引起的一种传染性疾病.发展对HCV抗原具有高亲和力高特异性的识别分子和检测方法对丙肝进行早期诊断具有非常重要的意义.我们通过SELEX筛选得到了能特异性识别HCV核心蛋白(core蛋白)的DNA核酸适体,建立了可对HCV core蛋白进行高灵敏检测的核酸适体-酶联免疫新方法,并成功应用于丙肝病人血清中HCV core蛋白的检测,有望发展成为简便、灵敏、低成本的HCV早期诊断和血清筛查新方法.     

核酸适体靶向的膜蛋白识别与功能调控研究进展

膜蛋白在细胞生命活动中发挥着重要作用, 研究并调控细胞膜蛋白的结构和功能有助于阐明生命活动的基本规律, 为新型药物研发和高效疾病诊治提供研究基础. 核酸适体是一类特殊的寡核苷酸序列, 因具有特异性识别靶标的能力而被广泛用于生物传感领域. 将核酸适体与DNA纳米技术相结合, 利用DNA分子可程序化设计、 可功能化修饰等优势, 发展核酸适体靶向的膜蛋白识别与功能调控方法可为研究膜蛋白相互作用提供有力工具. 本文介绍了基于核酸适体靶向识别的DNA纳米技术在膜蛋白识别及细胞功能调控中的研究进展, 并对核酸适体靶向的膜蛋白识别及功能调控领域面临的挑战进行了分析, 对其应用前景进行了展望.     

10-苯基-3-磺酸基-吖啶酮测定DNA的荧光分析新体系研究

核酸作为重要的遗传物质,是化学、生物学等诸多学科最为活跃的研究领域之一,它的定量测定对于研究核酸的生物化学反应,发展核酸的医药制品以及对疾病的诊断和防治均有重要意义[1-3]。由于天然核酸的荧光量子产率低,直接利用天然荧光研究其结构和性质受到限制。近年来人们对核酸     

核酸适配体在多肽研究中的应用

多肽在生命体的生理过程中发挥着重要作用,其生理功能一直是生物学、药理学和医学等领域的重要研究内容.核酸适配体是经体外筛选获得的单链DNA或RNA,能与靶标高亲和力、高特异性地结合,有"化学抗体"或"化学家的抗体"之称.以多肽为靶标筛选获得的核酸适配体主要有两大用途:一是基于其识别功能,作为亲和试剂来建立分析检测方法或开展生物成像研究;二是基于它们的生物学活性,作为拮抗剂在活体水平影响靶标多肽的正常功能,阻碍下游信号通路,从而对疾病进行治疗.本文总结了近年来以多肽为靶标筛选的核酸适配体在体内及体外的用途,并探讨了其在筛选、表征及应用中存在的问题,并对其未来的发展趋势进行了展望.     

胞嘧啶脱氨基化酶APOBEC3家族及其与核酸复合物结构研究进展

载脂蛋白B mRNA催化编辑蛋白APOBEC3（简称为A3）是细胞内逆转录转座子防御系统中一类家族蛋白,它通过对底物单链DNA和RNA中胞嘧啶的脱氨基化在人类的健康和疾病中发挥多种多样的作用.部分人源A3家族蛋白通过对病毒基因组中的胞嘧啶脱氨基化产生尿嘧啶,使逆转录病毒人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV-1）基因组发生G→A碱基突变,致使HIV-1基因组不能执行正常的功能而抑制HIV-1病毒复制.作为反保护措施,HIV-1病毒利用自身的Vif蛋白（viral infectivity factor）结合人源A3蛋白,通过泛素化标记使A3蛋白降解,从而保证病毒感染.为更好理解A3蛋白催化胞嘧啶脱氨基化机制及抗病毒机制,综述了A3家族蛋白结构、它们对DNA或者RNA进行脱氨基化反应特点和它们与核酸复合物结构的研究进展,对A3家族蛋白参与脱氨基化反应的关键残基如何与核酸碱基相互作用等作了简单概括,相互作用的共同特征进行简要总结,对后期如何利用冷冻电镜技术开展全长A3蛋白相关工作做了展望.本文也部分讨论了A3蛋白如何与Vif相互作用,因此本综述对针对这些相互作用合理设计抗病毒药物有一定帮助.     

丝组二肽所含基团在其切割DNA反应中的作用

近 2 0年来 ,人工核酸切割试剂的研究一直是化学、生物化学和分子生物学中最为活跃的前沿领域之一[1,2 ] .人工核酸切割试剂可以在足迹技术和核酸高级结构的研究中用作高分辨率的化学探针 ,还可以用于合成定点切割试剂[3] .后者又被称为人工工具酶 ,是一种非常重要的分子生物学工具 ,在疾病的基因治疗、反义 PCR技术等领域中都具有重要的应用 .人工核酸切割试剂的切割机理主要有自由基机理和磷酸酯水解机理两大类 .相对于自由基机理 ,水解机理具有许多优点 ,使得水解型切割试剂具有更为广泛的应用 .对于 DNA,目前文献报道的水解型人工切…     

金属配合物作为核酸释放的载体

基因治疗是指利用一种载体将健康的基因载入细胞替换致病的基因.由基因缺陷导致的人类疾病达1200多种,最合理的选择是采用基因替换的方法进行治疗.基因治疗的关键问题是解决"使用何种载体才能安全有效地将治疗基因载入靶细胞".非病毒基因载体主要是一些有机阳离子物种,一直受到极大重视;近年来,磷酸钙、纳米粒子和金属配合物释放核酸的功能也开始受到关注.本文总结了金属配合物作为非病毒基因载体使用的研究进展,希望由此理解配合物释放核酸的优势和不足之处.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).