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微囊藻毒素是蓝藻水华过程中产生的一类小分子多肽生物毒素,能对人和动物的肝脏造成严重损伤,属于2B类致癌物质。由于全球性工业和生活废水的大量排放以及气候变暖等现实因素,蓝藻水华现象日趋频繁和加剧,使得微囊藻毒素在水体和土壤中大量蓄积,严重威胁生态环境和农产品质量安全。基于"抗体-抗原"识别原理的免疫学检测方法是当前生物毒素快速检测研究的热点,近年抗体创制技术突飞猛进,现已从传统的多克隆抗体和单克隆抗体逐渐发展到了新型的基因工程人工抗体创制阶段。该文系统阐述了微囊藻毒素产生的内外因素及其对生态系统、人和动物的主要危害风险;全面梳理了基因工程抗体创制技术及其在微囊藻毒素检测应用研究上的最新进展;并结合作者及所在科研团队最新研究成果,深入探讨了基因工程抗体在微囊藻毒素检测应用上的发展趋势、存在的问题以及拟解决的对策。 相似文献
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微囊藻毒素是蓝藻暴发中出现频率最高、产生量最大和造成危害最严重的藻毒素,具有多器官毒性、遗传毒性和致癌性。水产品中微囊藻毒素的残留会对人体产生危害,并对我国公众健康构成巨大威胁。因此,水产品中微囊藻毒素的检测和控制变得非常重要,迫切需要建立一种简便、快速、灵敏度较高的检测方法,以对水产品中的微囊藻毒素进行监控。为加强水产品中微囊藻毒素的痕量分析技术研究,对水产品中残留的微囊藻毒素开展监测,综述了国内外有关水产品中微囊藻毒素污染检测的提取、净化及分析技术进展。 相似文献
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以甲基丙烯酸丁酯为单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂,在致孔剂存在的条件下原位聚合制备了甲基丙烯酸丁酯毛细管整体柱(150 μm i.d.)。实验中优化了用此整体柱分离3种微囊藻毒素(MC-LR,-YR和-RR)的色谱条件(流动相种类、缓冲溶液浓度、pH、流动相流速),建立了微囊藻毒素的整体柱毛细管液相色谱分离方法,该法可以在9 min之内实现3种微囊藻毒素的基线分离。将该方法应用于实际水样中微囊藻毒素的分析,成功实现了培养水样和巢湖水样中微囊藻毒素的快速分离,两种样品中均检测到MC-LR。结果表明,所制备的甲基丙烯酸酯毛细管整体柱具有良好的重现性、渗透性,在微囊藻毒素的常规检测中具有很好的应用前景。 相似文献
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微囊藻毒素分子印迹传感器的制备与应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以邻氨基酚为单体,微囊藻毒素(MC-LR)为模板,采用循环伏安法在金电极的表面电聚合成膜分子印迹材料,制备了传感器。采用安培法对MC-LR进行检测。在制备影响条件最佳值(pH=4.5;单体/模板=1.4×108∶1;洗脱时间10 min)的基础上,对该传感器的线性范围、使用寿命、选择性等进行了研究,并与液相色谱方法进行对比,结果表明:该传感器对MC-LR具有良好的选择性和灵敏度,线性范围为0.05~0.35 mg/L;加标回收率为80%~105%;检出限为7.3μg/L。与液相色谱方法对比,当置信度为99%时,无系统误差。 相似文献
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将固相萃取和凝胶色谱技术相结合,建立了以野外采集的水华蓝藻为原料提取和纯化微囊藻毒素-RR(MC-RR)的有效方法。用70%的甲醇溶液溶解35 g藻浆,经离心等系列处理,得粗提液,旋转蒸发去除甲醇;粗提液经HLB柱固相萃取后,得到7.5 mL洗脱液,然后将其浓缩至2 mL,再用Sephadex LH-20凝胶色谱柱分离纯化,洗脱液分管收集,用紫外分光光度计测定每管洗脱液在238 nm的吸收值,并绘制洗脱曲线。使用高效液相色谱对峰值组分进行鉴定,同时利用紫外分光光度计对毒素的光谱特征进行鉴定。最终获得3.65 mg纯度超过90%的MC-RR样品,产品得率为74.1%。其紫外吸收光谱在238 nm处有特征吸收,证明所纯化的样品为MC-RR。 相似文献
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活性碳纤维阴极电芬顿反应降解微囊藻毒素研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
以具有高比表面积的活性碳纤维作为阴极,通过电芬顿反应降解水中微囊藻毒素(MCRR,MCLR)的电化学方法系统考察了电流密度、pH值和Fe2+浓度等因素对微囊藻毒素降解效果的影响.实验结果表明,在Fe2+浓度为1.0mmol/L和电流密度为6.6mA/cm2条件下,电化学处理60min,MCRR(8.81mg/L)去除率为75%,MCLR(6.36mg/L)去除率为94%.证明过氧化氢可以通过电化学还原在活性碳纤维阴极表面高效产生,微囊藻毒素可被高效降解去除. 相似文献
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Batuhan Yardımcı Ferda Dondurmacıoğlu Ayşem Üzer Reşat Apak 《Analytical letters》2019,52(17):2710-2723
AbstractNovel analytical methods were designed for monitoring humic acid photodegradation in environmental waters. Modified CUPric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity (CUPRAC) spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods were used for the determination of dihydroxybenzoate isomers (DHBAs) produced from a salicylate probe, which was hydroxylated by hydroxyl radicals (?OH) produced from the photodegradation of humic acid under ultraviolet A-radiation. The combined use of CUPRAC colorimetry and HPLC was shown to effectively monitor humic acid photodegradation and ?OH generation for the first time. The formation of 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate, as major and minor products, respectively, from the hydroxylation of a salicylate probe was demonstrated by HPLC and confirmed by a modified CUPRAC method to indicate ?OH formation from humic acid, which acted as both a generator and absorber of hydroxyl radicals. Salicylate hydroxylation showed an increase between 30 and 50?min of illumination, and was affected by the initial concentration of humic acid up to 0.01% but not by solution pH around the neutral values. Traces of Fe(III) and Mn(II) present in natural waters decreased the ?OH production, but EDTA partly restored the probe hydroxylation by chelating these metal cations. Since humic acid-mediated ?OH generation may aid in natural disinfection processes, this work may extend our comprehension of concentration- and time-dependent generation of ?OH in environmental waters and of the possible effects of other antioxidants. 相似文献
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杂多酸光催化降解有机污染物 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
本文综述了杂多酸对有机污染物的光催化降解,包括自身光致催化作用,半导体协同光催化作用,H2O2存在下的类Fenton反应和超声辅助催化作用。杂多酸与有机物反应的机理主要是电子-空穴对的产生和·OH等自由基的生成。概述了杂多酸的结构类型和杂多酸光催化作用的优点和局限性,提出利用掺杂调变杂多酸的晶体结构,降低其能带宽度,提高光催化作用反应的量子效率;探索杂多酸与其它电子受体的组合,特别是与具有可见光活性的物质的组合,以扩大光响应范围,实现可见光催化反应。 相似文献
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E. Ugazio S. Sapino M. Trotta D. Vione C. Minero 《Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology》2013,34(5):641-652
The photodegradation of cinnamic acid under UVB irradiation was evaluated in different vehicles, such as water solutions at different pH values, Tween‐20 micelles, liposomes, and O/W emulsions prepared with Xalifin 15 or Montanov 68 as emulsifiers. The increase of pH decreases the photodegradation of cinnamic acid in all the vehicles studied. Micellar solutions showed a protective effect against cinnamic acid photodegradation; this property increases according to the surfactant percentage. Emulsions appeared to be the most efficient protective systems while liposomes had lower ability to protect cinnamic acid against UVB photodegradation. 相似文献
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Dinghong Gu Li Huang Chunlei Shao Haojie Fang Renxi Zhang Huiqi Hou 《Frontiers of Chemistry in China》2007,2(4):436-441
The photodegradation of organic dye rhodamine B (RhB) in an aqueous solution was studied using a microwave electrodeless UV
lamp (MWUVL). The 185 nm vacuum UV (VUV) intensity of the MWUVL amounted to 12% of the total UV output, about 1.7 times as
high as that of the con ventional low-pressure mercury lamp. An acidic condition was preferred for the degradation of RhB.
Precipitate was generated during RhB degradation when the initial concentration of RhB solution was above 60 mg · L−1. For 100 mg · L−1 RhB at pH 4.0, the mass of precipitate produced was nearly half of the initial amount of RhB in the solution after irradi
ation for 75 min. The corresponding degradation ratio of RhB reached up to 99.4% and COD reduced 77.4%. The photo degradation
of RhB is mainly achieved by direct photolysis of RhB by 185 nm and OH radical oxidation.
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Translated from Journal of Fudan University (Natural Science), 2006, 45(6): 726–731 [译自: 复旦学报 (自然科学版)] 相似文献
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N. I. Surovtseva A. M. Eremenko N. P. Smirnova V. A. Pokrovskii T. V. Fesenko G. N. Starukh 《Theoretical and Experimental Chemistry》2007,43(4):235-240
The effect of nanosized porous films (average density 10 g/m2) of TiO2. TiO2/SiO2, and SiO2 on the photostability of adsorbed methylene blue (MB) dye during UV irradiation in air was investigated by optical spectroscopy
and laser-induced mass spectrometry. The effectiveness of the photodecomposition of MB decreases in the order TiO2 > TiO2/SiO2 > SiO2 with rate constants 1E-2, 0.6E-2, and 0.3E-2 min−1 respectively. A mechanism including the participation of both excited states of the dye molecules and photoexcited titanium
dioxide is proposed for the photodecolorization of MB adsorbed on the surface of the investigated films.
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Translated from Teoreticheskaya i éksperimental’naya Khimiya, Vol. 43, No. 4, pp. 220–225, July–August, 2007. 相似文献
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Chung-Hsin Wu 《Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters》2007,90(2):301-308
This work elucidates the photodegradation of toluic acid isomers by UV/TiO2. Effects of the toluic acid isomers, pH and form of TiO2 on photodegradation are identified. The rate of photodegradation of toluic acid isomers in UV/TiO2 obey the sequence p > o > m. Additionally, the reaction rates under acidic conditions exceed those under neutral and alkaline conditions. 相似文献
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以异丙醇为分散剂,碱纤维与3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵反应,醚化接枝制得一种环境功能材料-季铵型阳离子纤维素(QACC)。用红外光谱、X-射线衍射和电镜扫描对材料的结构进行了表征:红外光谱中1 644 cm-1处存在明显的季铵基的弯曲振动。经过改性的QACC结晶度下降,比表面积增加。研究了QACC对腐殖酸的吸附性能:pH=8、318 K时,QACC对腐殖酸的饱和吸附容量为622 mg·g-1;其表观活化能为6.45 kJ·mol-1;吸附符合Lagergren二级动力学方程,吸附速率随温度升高而加快;吸附等温模型符合Langmuir等温式,为单分子层吸附;吸附腐殖酸的ΔH、ΔS、ΔG分别为:31.7 kJ·mol-1、119 J·mol-1·K-1、-5.34 kJ·mol-1,吸附主要为化学吸附。 相似文献
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以异丙醇为分散剂,碱纤维与3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵反应,醚化接枝制得一种环境功能材料-季铵型阳离子纤维素(QACC)。用红外光谱、X-射线衍射和电镜扫描对材料的结构进行了表征:红外光谱中1644cm-1处存在明显的季铵基的弯曲振动。经过改性的QACC结晶度下降,比表面积增加。研究了QACC对腐殖酸的吸附性能:pH=8、318K时,QACC对腐殖酸的饱和吸附容量为622mg·g-1;其表观活化能为6.45kJ·mol-1;吸附符合Lagergren二级动力学方程,吸附速率随温度升高而加快;吸附等温模型符合Langmuir等温式,为单分子层吸附;吸附腐殖酸的ΔH、ΔS、ΔG分别为:20.3kJ·mol-1、77.8J·mol-1·K-1、-4.44kJ·mol-1,吸附主要为化学吸附。 相似文献