On the equilibrium of circular flows under gravity

This paper investigates the stability of an incompressible inviscid rotatory couette flow confined between two corotating and coaxial vertical cylinders under the force field of gravity. The stationary distributions of density and pressure are functions of the radial and axial coordinates with the azimuthal component of velocity being an arbitrary function of radial coordinate. The perturbations concerned are axisymmetric and infinitesimaly small in nature. Sufficient criteria of instability are derived for both vertically stable and unstable density stratifications¹ and this clearly shows that the necessary and sufficient character of Rayleigh's criterion does not hold good in the present circumstances.     

Structure of a detonation wave under the influence of a transverse magnetic field

Zusammenfassung Die Gestalt einer Detonationswelle in einer vollständig leitenden Flüssigkeit mit quergerichtetem Magnetfeld wird unter Annahme der Hirschfelder-Curtis-Hypothese untersucht. Feldstärke und Energieabgabe werden numerisch errechnet.     

Development of the Raleigh-Tailor instability in inhomogeneous magnetic gas-dynamic flows

Results of the numerical simulation of the development of the hydrodynamic Raleigh-Tailor instability, which occurs when a high-current discharge is moving in a rail accelerator and in MHD flows with a current layer, are presented. It is established that the development of the instability under the conditions of the flow of cold gas around the discharge region leads to the formation of an irregular vortex structure of the magnetic gas-dynamic flow in the channel.     

Numerical simulation of particles movement in cellular flows under the influence of magnetic forces

A numerical model of particle motion in fluid flow under the influence of hydrodynamic and magnetic forces is presented. As computational tool, a flow solver based on the Boundary Element Method is used. The Euler-Lagrange formulation of multiphase flow is considered. In the case of a particle with a magnetic moment in a nonuniform external magnetic field, the Kelvin body force acts on a single particle. The derived Lagrangian particle tracking algorithm is used for simulation of dilute suspensions of particles in viscous flows taking into account gravity, buoyancy, drag, pressure gradient, added mass and magnetophoretic force. As a benchmark test case the magnetite particle motion in cellular flow field of water is computed with and without the action of the magnetic force. The effect of the Kelvin force on particle motion and separation from the main flow is studied for a predefined magnetic field and different values of magnetic flux density. (© 2011 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

On transport equations in slow flows of a polyatomic gas in an external magnetic field

The transport equations in slow flows of a polyatomic gas in an external magnetic field varying with time are obtained by quantum kinetic theory methods. It is shown that local macroscopic variables, changing slowly with time, obey a system of linked equations. In the Burnett approximation, the Wigner operator and stress tensor are obtained. Transport coefficients depending on the magnetic field frequency are determined. Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Matematicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 110, No. 3, pp. 459–469, March, 1997.     

Rayleigh-Taylor instability of a compressible plasma in a horizontal magnetic field

A study of the Rayleigh instability of a compressible plasma, density stratified in horizontal planes and subjected to a horizontal magnetic field, is made. It is found that in the presence of the compressibility effects the magnetic field continues to affect the development of the Rayleigh instability even for disturbances that propagate across the magnetic field (taken perpendicular to gravity), contrary to the result for the case of an incompressible plasma. The special case of a plane interface separating two superposed uniform plasmas of different densities is treated as an example to illustrate the compressibility effects on the hydromagnetic Rayleigh instability. It is found that the compressibility effects have a stabilising nature.

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Zusammenfassung Es wird die Rayleigh-Instabilität eines kompressiblen Plasmas untersucht, mit Dichte-Schichtung in horizontalen Ebenen, in Gegenwart eines horizontalen Magnetfeldes. Es wird gezeigt, daß bei Kompressibilität das Magnetfeld auch die Instabilitätsentwicklung derjenigen Störungen beeinflußt, die sich quer zum Magnetfeld (welches senkrecht zur Gravitationsrichtung angenommen wurde) fortpflanzen; dies ist im kompressiblen Plasma nicht der Fall. Der Spezialfall einer ebenen Trennfläche zwischen zwei Plasmas mit verschiedenen gleichförmigen Dichten wird behandelt, um den Kompressibilitätseffekt auf die hydromagnetische Rayleigh-Instabilität zu zeigen; dieser erweist sich als stabilisierend.

     

On the motion of a solid in a magnetic field

The problem of the motion of a magnetic solid in a constant uniform magnetic field, taking gyromagnetic effects into account, is considered. The equations of motion are derived, the Hamiltonian structure is studied, and the cases of integrability indicated. Certain classes of stationary motions are studied and their stability examined.

The gyromagnetic effects arise because the electrons have magnetic and mechanical spin moments /1/. The rotation of the body causes it to become magnetized (the Barnett effect) and when a freely suspended body is magnetized, it begins to rotate (the Einsteinde Haas effect). It is found that gyromagnetic phenomena must be taken into account when analysing the motion of gyroscopic precision systems.     

On the lack of dispersion for a class of magnetic Dirac flows

We show that global Strichartz estimates for magnetic Dirac operators generally fail, if the potentials do not decay fast enough at infinity. In order to prove this, we construct some explicit examples of homogeneous magnetic potentials with less than Coulomb decay, that is, with homogeneity-degree more than ?1, such that the magnetic field points to a fixed direction, which does not depend on ${x \in \mathbb{R}^{3}}$ .     

Nonlinear instability of superposed magnetic fluids in the presence of an oblique magnetic field

The nonlinear evolution of interfacial waves separating two magnetic fluids subjected to an oblique magnetic field is studied in two dimensions, with the use of the method of multiple scales. It is shown that the evolution of the envelope is governed by two partial differential equations. These equations can be combined to yield two alternate Schrödinger equations with cubic nonlinearity; one of them leads to the determination of the cutoff wave number separating stable from unstable deformations while the other Schrödinger equation is used to analyze the stability of the system. The stability of the system is discussed both theoretically and computationally, and the stability diagrams are obtained. It is found in the linear theory that the oblique magnetic field has a stabilizing influence if 0 ₁ + ₂ < /2, or 3/2 < ₁ + ₂ 2 and a destabilizing influence if /2 < ₁ + ₂ < 3/2, where 0 _j , (j=1, 2) and , is the angle between the field and the horizontal axis.In the nonlinear theory, the stability analysis reveals that there exist different regions of stability and instability. It is reported that the oblique magnetic field plays a dual role in the stability criterion and the angles ₁ and ₂ play a distinctive role in this analysis besides the effect of the variation of the magnetic permeabilities.     

Effect of aligned magnetic field on the steady viscous flow past a circular cylinder

The steady viscous incompressible and slightly conducting fluid flow around a circular cylinder with an aligned magnetic field is simulated for the range of Reynolds numbers 100 ? Re ? 500 using the Hartmann number, M. The multigrid method with defect correction technique is used to achieve the second order accurate solution of complete non-linear Navier–Stokes equations. The magnetic Reynolds number is assumed to be small. It is observed that volume of the separation bubble decreases and drag coefficient increases as M is increased. We noticed that the upstream base pressure increases slightly with increase of M whereas downstream base pressure decreases with increase of M. The effect of the magnetic field on the flow is discussed with contours of streamlines, vorticity, plots of surface pressure and surface vorticity.     

On instability and stability of three-dimensional gravity driven viscous flows in a bounded domain

We investigate the instability and stability of some steady-states of a three-dimensional nonhomogeneous incompressible viscous flow driven by gravity in a bounded domain Ω   of class C²$C^2$. When the steady density is heavier with increasing height (i.e., the Rayleigh–Taylor steady-state), we show that the steady-state is linear unstable (i.e., the linear solution grows in time in H²$H^2$) by constructing a (standard) energy functional and exploiting the modified variational method. Then, by introducing a new energy functional and using a careful bootstrap argument, we further show that the steady-state is nonlinear unstable in the sense of Hadamard. When the steady density is lighter with increasing height, we show, with the help of a restricted condition imposed on steady density, that the steady-state is linearly globally stable and nonlinearly asymptotically stable in the sense of Hadamard.     

Plane gasdynamic flows with orthogonal magnetic and velocity field distributions

Résumé Nous considérons ici les propriétés d'écoulements magnétohydrodynamiques permanents, à deux dimensions, d'un fluide élastique non-visqueux et non-conducteur de la chaleur ayant une conductivité électrique infinie, lorsque les champs magnétiques et de vitesse sont partout orthogonaux. On montre qu'un tel écoulement peut être effectivement rattaché à une classe à quatre paramètres d'écoulements compressibles à deux dimensions d'un fluide non-conducteur. En admettant une équation d'état approximatif, on montre de plus que ces écoulements magnétohydrodynamiques peuvent être assimilés à des écoulements irrotationaux, de fluides incompressibles et non-conducteurs, à condition que les variations de vitesse restent limitées. A titre d'exemple, la théorie est appliquée à l'écoulement dans un canal.     

Subcritical instability of liquid metal channel flow in the presence of a spanwise magnetic field

The linear and nonlinear evolution of perturbations is investigated in a magnetohydrodynamic channel flow with electrically insulating walls. The applied magnetic field is parallel to the walls and orthogonal to the stream. Linear optimal perturbations and their maximum amplifications over finite time intervals are computed using a scheme based on the direct and adjoint governing equations. It is shown that dominant optimal perturbations are no more the classical streamwise modes and how the flow is two-dimenzionalized for high enough Hartmann numbers. For fixed Reynolds and Hartmann numbers, direct numerical simulations are applied to investigate how the transition to turbulence is affected by the magnetic field. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Rayleigh-Taylor instability of compressible finitely conducting rotating fluid in the presence of a magnetic field

The character of the equilibrium of a non-viscous, compressible finitely conducting rotating fluid in the presence of a vertical magnetic field along the direction of gravitational field has been investigated. It is shown that the solution is characterised by a variational principle. Based on the existence of variational principle, an approximate solution has been derived for the case of a fluid having exponentially varying density in the vertical direction. Due to finite resistivity of the medium it is found that potentially stable or unstable configuration retains its character. Further the growth rate of disturbance has been obtained corresponding to short and long wavelengths and it is found that electrical resistivity suppresses the growth rate for large wavelengths but it increases the same for small wavelengths. It is further shown that magnetic field has a destabilizing influence for large wavelengths and a stabilizing influence for small wavelengths.