花生中丁酰肼残留测定的两种衍生方法比较

对气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)测定花生中残留丁酰肼含量时,衍生化所用的两种衍生试剂,水杨醛和2-硝基苯甲醛,在衍生反应的介质及条件、检测响应值、标准曲线的线性范围以及测定下限和回收率等方面作了详细比较.试验结果表明:两种试剂均适合作为衍生试剂,但从衍生反应操作简便以及较高的灵敏度和较好的回收率等方面考虑,用水杨醛作衍生试剂效果更好,而且在衍生化过程中用离心法除去反应而残留的水杨醛更保证了检测的精密度.应用这一方法所测得丁酰肼的测定下限(10S/N)为0.005 mg·kg-1,用标准加入法测得的回收率在98.0%～99.4%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.5%～3.6%之间.     

固相萃取-毛细管气相色谱法测定茶叶中11种残留有机磷农药

应用毛细管柱气相色谱法结合固相萃取分离测定了各种茶叶中11种残留农药.样品用乙腈进行超声萃取,萃取液中的农药经过ODS-C18固相萃取柱富集并净化,用甲醇作淋洗剂,洗脱液中各农药经HP-5石英毛细管色谱柱分离后用氮磷检测器进行检测.各农药在一定浓度范围内保持线性关系,分别对方法的回收率及精密度作了试验,回收率在85.3%～100.6%之间,相对标准偏差(n=7)在3.5%～8.4%之间,用此方法分析了9种茶叶样品并列表给出其农药残留量.     

气相色谱法测定工业废水中挥发酚

提出了工业废水样品中的挥发性酚经预先用溴衍生化后用环己烷萃取分离,分取部分萃取液作气相色谱分析的方法.用此方法测定了苯酚、邻甲酚、间甲酚及对甲酚4种挥发酚,所测得的线性范围分别为0.008～80μg·L-1,0.010～100 μg·L-1,0.018～100 μg·L-1,0.012～100 μg·L-1,检出限(S/N=3)分别为8.4 ng·L-1,10.6 ng·L-1,19 ng·L-1,12.8 ng·L-1,测得其回收率在87%～91%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在4.0%～7.0%之间.     

微波辅助萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定牙膏中二甘醇

提出了气相色谱-质谱法测定牙膏样品中二甘醇的方法。用微波萃取法以无水乙醇作萃取溶剂,在120℃萃取20min,使牙膏样品中二甘醇溶于乙醇中,所得萃取液经脱水后,用气相色谱-质谱法测定其含量。色谱分离选用HP-INNOWAX色谱柱,采用程序升温方式;质谱测定中采用电子轰击离子源及选择离子监测模式。在最佳萃取和测定条件下,方法的线性范围为0.01～50.0mg·mL-1,检出限(3s/b)为0.005mg·mL-1。用1.0mg·mL-1二甘醇标准溶液6份按方法测定,对方法的精密度作了试验,测得相对标准偏差(n=6)小于1.6%。在牙膏样品基体上加入标准溶液作回收试验,测得回收率为95.0%～103.0%。     

液液萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术测定废水中N-甲基甲酰苯胺、N-甲基苯胺和甲酰苯胺

建立了液液萃取-气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用测定废水中N-甲基甲酰苯胺(NMF)、N-甲基苯胺(NMA)和甲酰苯胺(FA)的分析方法。考察了萃取溶剂、盐加入量和pH等影响萃取效果的参数。结果表明,当以二氯甲烷为萃取剂,将pH调至11.85,15%NaCl溶液加入量为1%(体积比)条件下,NMF、NMA和FA的萃取效果最佳。以N,N-二乙基苯胺(DEA)为内标,在GC-MS选择离子模式下测定NMF、NMA和FA,该方法对三种目标物的平均回收率为97.5%~101.0%,相对标准偏差为4.3%~6.3%(n=6),检测限(S/N=3)为0.0018~0.0023μg/L,测得某废水样品中NMF、NMA和FA的含量依次为0.94±0.08、0.14±0.02和0.12±0.02g/L。     

在线固相萃取预富集-原子吸收联用测定痕量Fe(Ⅱ)和总铁量

以1,10-二氮菲(1,10-phen)为配合剂,乙醇为洗脱液,在C₁₈柱上将流动注射固相萃取预富集-原子吸收光谱联用测定痕量Fe(Ⅱ)和总铁.Fe(Ⅲ)的含量可通过抗坏血酸还原后用差示法测得.本法灵敏度高,选择性好,能在线分离干扰富集Fe(Ⅱ),采样速度80次/h,富集倍数19倍,检测下限为3μg/L,相对标准偏差1.1%(n=10),可用于测定水样中痕量Fe(Ⅱ)和Fe(Ⅲ),回收率为94%105%.     

气相色谱-质谱法检测中药材中81种农药残留

建立气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)法测定中药材中81种农药残留的分析方法。样品用含0.1%乙酸的乙腈提取后用GPC或GPC-SPE固相萃取净化,在选择离子监测模式(SIM)下对天麻、杜仲、金银花、山茱萸进行测定。方法在0.01～1.0μg/mL范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.999,检出限为6.0～31.9μg/kg,加标回收率为60.8%～128.9%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为7.6%～18.9%(n=6)。该方法操作简便,灵敏度、准确度和精密度均符合农药多残留检测技术要求,适用于中药材中81种农药多残留的测定。     

微波辅助萃取-衍生气相色谱-电子捕获检测器法测定电子电气产品中的四溴双酚A

以N,O-双(三甲基硅烷基)三氟乙酰胺(BSTFA)作衍生化试剂,采用微波辅助萃取-衍生气相色谱-电子捕获检测器法(GC-ECD)测定电子电气产品中的四溴双酚A。使用V(甲苯)∶V(甲醇)=10∶1微波辅助萃取电子电气样品,用正己烷沉淀萃取液中的高聚物,净化后,将萃取液进行衍生化反应,采用ECD检测器进行定量测定。对衍生化时间、衍生化温度、衍生化试剂用量、沉淀试剂用量等前处理条件进行了优化,并进行了线性、回收率、精密度等试验。结果表明,方法线性范围为0.005~5 mg/L,相关系数为0.9985,方法的检测下限为0.02 mg/kg。采用样品加标的方式进行四溴双酚A的精密度及回收率实验,回收率在81.7%~110%之间,相对标准偏差RSD(n=7)小于7.2%。所建方法能很好的应用于电子电气产品中四溴双酚A的检测。     

搅拌棒吸附萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定化妆水中多氯联苯

提出了搅拌棒吸附萃取(SRAE)-气相色谱-质谱法测定化妆水中7种多氯联苯含量的方法。采用正交试验方法研究了萃取时间、分散剂种类及体积、热脱附时间及冷阱收集温度对萃取效率的影响。分析中采用DB-5MS毛细管色谱柱作为分离柱,质谱条件为电子轰击电离源全扫描监测模式。7种多氯联苯的峰面积与其质量分数在一定范围内呈线性关系,测定下限(10S/N)在5～60ng.kg-1之间。分别在3个浓度水平对方法的回收率和精密度进行了试验,测得回收率在74%～107%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.1%～16.9%之间。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定化妆品中多种防腐剂

采用超声抽提法对化妆品中的苯甲醇、3-甲基-4-异丙基苯酚、对羟基苯甲酸丁酯和2-苄基-4-氯酚等18种防腐剂进行了气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)测定的研究。建立了一种简单、快速、准确测定化妆品中各种防腐剂的测定方法。进行了样品提取溶剂和超声提取时间选择以及线性、回收率、精密度试验。结果表明,该方法能够有效地提取化妆品(口红和香波)中的18种防腐剂,并可对其进行GC-MS分离和鉴定。18种防腐剂的平均回收率为91.66%-100.6%(n=7),相对标准偏差为0.46%-6.23%(n=7),最低检测限为     

HEPT类化合物的QSAR研究

为定量结构／活性相关性研究提取了量子化学参数,拓扑指数Am,分子连接性指数^mxt及疏水性常数,同时应用正交变换和最佳变量子集算法（Leaps-and-Bonds)进行了变量压缩和选择,进而实施了多元回归分析,并由此结果进行了HEPT类化合物（1－[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-6-(phenylthio)-thymine derivatives)的结构／活性关系的理论解释,进行了人工神经网络法对于该类化合物的活性预测,其结构明显好于多元回归法。     

Effect of the pH of the medium on the chemical shifts in the PMR spectra and on the distribution of the π-electron density

The dependence of the chemical shifts of the ring protons on the pH of the medium for a number of 4-hydroxyquinoline derivatives was studied by means of PMR spectroscopy. The dipolar and uncharged hydroxy forms exist in equilibrium in aqueous solutions. The effect of intramolecular hydrogen bonding on the character of the dependence of the chemical shift on the pH of the medium in the case of 3-piperidinomethyl-4-hydroxyisoquinoline was investigated. The possibility of the separate protonation of the ring nitrogen and the side-chain nitrogen in 3-piperidinomethyl-4-hydroxyisoquinoline was established. The distribution of the -electron density in 4-hydroxyisoquinoline is in good agreement with its chemical behavior.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 11, pp. 1546–1549, November, 1971     

Effect of the pH of the medium on the chemical shifts in the PMR spectra and on the distribution of the π-electron density

The dependence of the chemical shift of the ring protons on the pH of the medium for a number of 3-hydroxyquinoline derivatives was studied by PMR spectroscopy. The regions of ionization of the molecules, which correspond to the ranges of acidic, neutral, and alkaline media, were found. In D₂O, 3-hydroxyquinoline is present only in the uncharged hydroxy form. The presence of intramolecular hydrogen bonding in 4-dimethylaminomethyl-3-hydroxyquinoline has a substantial effect on the character of the dependence of the chemical shift on the pH of the medium; the existence of separate protonation of the nitrogen atoms of the ring and the side chain of 4-dimethylaminomethyl-3-hydroxyquinoline was established. The distribution of the -electron density in the 3-hydroxyquinoline molecule is in good agreement with its chemical behavior during electrophilic substitution.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 11, pp. 1540–1545, November, 1971.     

液滴荧光传感与计算机联用技术在微量分析中的应用

通过在LS55型荧光-磷光-发光分光光度计上加装液滴产生及调节附件,采用计算机采集与分析处理数据,成功地研制了双通道液滴光化学传感装置.利用葡聚糖凝胶对复合维生素B中不同组分的选择性吸附来达到分离与同时检测的目的,并将其用于复合维生素B药片的分析,取得了满意的结果.     

On the theory underlying the Car-Parrinello method and the role of the fictitious mass parameter

The theory underlying the Car-Parrinello extended-Lagrangian approach to ab initio molecular dynamics (CPMD) is reviewed and reexamined using "heavy" ice as a test system. It is emphasized that the adiabatic decoupling in CPMD is not a decoupling of electronic orbitals from the ions but only a decoupling of a subset of the orbital vibrational modes from the rest of the necessarily coupled system of orbitals and ions. Recent work [J. Chem. Phys. 116, 14 (2002)] has pointed out that, due to the orbital-ion coupling that remains once adiabatic decoupling has been achieved, a large value of the fictitious mass mu can lead to systematic errors in the computed forces in CPMD. These errors are further investigated in the present work with a focus on those parts of these errors that are not corrected simply by rescaling the masses of the ions. It is suggested that any comparison of the efficiencies of Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) and CPMD should be performed at a similar level of accuracy. If accuracy is judged according to the average magnitude of the systematic errors in the computed forces, the efficiency of BOMD compares more favorably to that of CPMD than previous comparisons have suggested.