CO2 Reforming of CH4 over Ni／CeO2-ZrO2-Al203 Prepared by Hydrothermal Synthesis Method

The Ni/CeO2-ZrO2-A12O3 catalyst with different A12O3 and NiO contents were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis method. The catalytic performance for CO2 reforming of CH4 reaction, the interaction among components and the relation between Ni content and catalyst surface basicity were investigated. Results show that the interaction between NiO and A12O3 is stronger than that between NiO and CeO2-ZrO2. The addition of A12O3 can prevent the formation of large metallic Ni ensembles, increase the dispersion of Ni, and improve catalytic activity, but excess A12O3 causes the catalyst to deactivate easily. The interaction between NiO and CeO2 results in more facile reduction of surface CeO2. The existence of a small amount of metallic Ni can increase the number of basic sites. As metallic Ni may preferentially reside on the strong basic sites, increasing Ni content can weaken the catalyst basicity.     

Methane Decomposition over Ni/α-Al2O3 Promoted by La2O3 and CeO2

The decomposition of methane on Ni/a-Al2O3 modified by La2O3 and CeO2 with differ-ent contents has been investigated and the ralationship between methane decomposition and removal of carbon by CO2 over these catalyst has also been studied by pulse-chromatography. The catalysts were characterized by TPR and XRD. It was shown that Ni/a-Al2O3 could be promoted by adding La2O3, and the carbon species produced over this catalyst was activated and eliminated by CO2. But CeO2 would suppress the decomposition of methane over Ni crystallite. Both La2O3 and CeO2 can inhibit aggregation of the Ni particles. Decomposition of methane over the Ni-based catalysts is structure sensitive to a certain extent.     

Study of CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol over Cu-V/γ-Al2O3 Catalyst

The effect of vanadium addition to CU/γ-Al2O3 catalyst used in the hydrogenation of CO2 to produce methanol was studied. It was found that the catalytic performance of the Cu-based catalyst improved after V addition. The influence of reaction temperature, space velocity and the molar ratio of H2 to CO2 on the performance of 12%Cu-6%V/γ-Al2O3 catalyst were also studied. The results indicated that the best conditions for reaction were as follows: 240℃, 3600 h-1 and a molar ratio of H2 to CO2 of 3:1. The results of XRD and TPR characterization demonstrated that the addition of V enhanced the dispersion of the supported CuO species, which resulted in the enhanced catalytic performance of CU-V/γ-Al2O3 binary catalyst.     

Autothermal Reforming of Methane over Ni Catalysts Supported on CuO-ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3

Ni catalysts supported on various mixed oxides of Al2O3 with rare earth oxide and transitional metal oxides were synthesized. The studies focused on the measurement of the autothermal reforming of methane to hydrogen over Ni catalysts supported on the mixed oxide ZrxCe30-xAl70Oδ (x=5, 10, 15). The catalytic performance of Ni/Zr10Ce20Al70Oδ was better than that of other catalysts. XRD results showed that the addition of Zr to Ni/Ce30Al70Oδ prevented the formation of NiAl2O4 and facilitated the dispersion of NiO. Effects of CuO addition to Zr10Ce20Al70Oδ were also investigated. The activity of Ni catalyst supported on CuO-ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3 was somewhat affected and the Ni/Cu5Zr10Ce20Al65Oδ showed the best catalytic performance with the highest CH4 conversion, yield of H2, selectivity for H2 and H2/CO production ratio in operation temperatures ranging from 650 to 750℃.     

Mn助剂对Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂CO2甲烷化性能的影响

采用等体积浸渍法制备了Ni/γ-Al<,2>O<,3>和Ni-Mn/γ-Al<,2>O<,3>催化剂,在连续流动微反装置上考察了催化剂的CO<,2>甲烷化催化活性.借助N<,2>物理吸附、XRD、TEM、H<,2>-TPR、TPD及TPSR手段对催化剂的结构和性质进行表征.结果表明,Ni/γ-Al<,2>O<,3>中M...     

水蒸汽对Ni/CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂上CO2+CH4重整反应的影响

The Ni/CeO2 -ZrO2 -Al2O3 catalyst was prepared with the hydrothermal method. The catalytic performance for the CO2 reforming of CH4 reaction with or without small amount of steam was tested and the amount of coke deposition was measured. The XAFS of Ni K-edge was attained. The results show that the formation of CeAlO3 occurs in reaction,but the coke deposition is responsible for the deactivation of the catalyst. The addition of steam into feed gas can decrease the amount of coke deposition,and promote the stability. Due to the carbon atom penetration into the Ni lattice,for the catalyst sample after reaction without the addition of steam into feed gas,the coordination number of the first Ni-Ni shell decreases sharply. For the catalyst sample after reaction with the addition of steam in feed gas,the coordination numbers of the first Ni-Ni shell decrease slightly. It is due to the addition of steam into feed gas,which can suppress the coke formation and maintain the metallic structure of active Ni metal.     

The Effect of Nb Loading on Catalytic Properties of Ni/Ce0.75Zr0.25O2 Catalyst for Methane Partial Oxidation

In this study,the effect of Nb loading on the catalytic activity of Ce_(0.75)Zr_(0.25)O_2-supported Ni catalysts was studied for methane partial oxidation.The catalysts were characterized by BET,H_2 chemisorption,XRD,TPR,TEM and tested for methane partial oxidation to syngas in the temperature range of 400-800℃at atmospheric pressure.The results showed that the activity of methane partial oxidation on the catalysts was apparently dependent on Nb loading.It seemed that the addition of Nb lowered the catalytic activity for methane partial oxidation and increased the extent of carbon deposition. This might be due to the strong interaction between NiO and Nb-modified support and reduction of surface oxygen reducibility.     

CeO2和Pd在Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂中的助剂作用

采用脉冲微反技术研究了添加n型半导体氧化物CeO2及贵金属Pd对Ni/γ Al2O3催化剂上CH4积炭/CO2消炭反应性能的影响,并运用BET、TPR、CO2 TPSR及氢吸附等技术对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明, n型半导体氧化物CeO2的添加可以降低Ni/γ Al2O3催化剂上CH4裂解积炭活性,提高CO2消炭活性,添加少量贵金属Pd可以进一步改变载体Al2O3、助剂CeO2和活性组分Ni之间的相互作用,从而改善Ni/γ Al2O3催化剂的抗积炭性能.通过Ni Ce Pd/γ Al2O3催化剂上CH4积炭/CO2消炭模型对上述作用机制作出了新的解释.     

整体式Co3O4/YSZ—γ-Al2O3＋CYZ催化剂上的甲烷催化燃烧

用质量比为3：2的YSZ-γ-Al2O3和CeO2-Y2O3-ZrO2的混合物（以YSZA＋CYZ表示）作载体，制备了不同Co3O4含量的整体式甲烷燃烧催化剂，同时制备了分别以YSZA和CYZ为载体的催化剂作为对比。研究了它们老化前后的反应性能，并用BET，XPS，XRD，TPR等研究了催化剂的比表面、表面状态、晶相结构和还原性能．结果表明，YSZ-γ-Al2O3和CeO2-Y2O3-ZrO2混合载体能有效地抑制CoAl2O4的生成，并能充分发挥各自的优点，因此负载一定量的钴后表现出很高的甲烷催化燃烧活性和抗老化性，尤其是含8wt％Co3O4的样品性能最佳，有望成为实用的甲烷燃烧催化剂之一．     

双金属镍-锰／γ-Al2O3催化剂对甲烷二氧化碳重整反应的影响

用浸渍法制备γ-Al2O3负载的Ni-Mn双金属催化剂．在500-700。C按照17：17：2的C02／CHa／N2比例,以36mL／min的载气流速进行甲烷二氧化碳重整反应,利用甲烷二氧化碳的转化率、生成的合成气H2／CO比例以及长期稳定性等指标评价了催化剂的催化性能．实验表明,添加Mn提高催化性能并使双金属催化剂的稳定性更高,比单金属催化剂更好地抑制焦炭生成,Mn最合适的添加量为0．5wt％．通过BET、C02-TPD、TGA、XRD、SEM、EDX和FTIR各种技术对催化剂进行了表征．     

CeO2-MOx（M=La^3＋,Ca^2＋）改性Pd/γ-Al2O3催化甲烷燃烧性能

采用沉积-沉淀法制备了固溶体CeO2-MOx=(M=La3+,Ca2+)改性的Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂,利用XRD、Raman和XPS对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,金属(M)离子进入CeO2的晶格,形成CeO2-MOx固溶体,Raman谱上463cm-1处对应于Ce-O键的F2g对称伸缩振动强度降低.其中,样品Pd/γ-Al2O3CeO2-CaO在615 cm-1处出现一小峰,样品Pd/γ-Al2O3-CeO2-La2O3在320cm-1处出现的肩峰,都表明固溶体CeO2-MOx的形成使O2-亚晶格结构对称性降低.XPS分析表明,固溶体改性的Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂中Pd的3d5/2结合能比正常价态的PdO的结合能高出0.5-0.6 eV,形成了一种高度离子化的.与载体具有强相互作用的Pd物种.催化甲烷燃烧实验证明,固溶体CeO2-MOx(M=La3+,Ca2+)改性的Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂的低温活性和稳定性均高于未经改性的Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂和仅用CeO2改性的Pd/γAl2O3催化剂,在空速为50000 h-1时,可使1%CH4-99%空气(体积分数)混合气中甲烷的10%转化温度降至254℃,转化率100%时的转化温度降至340℃.     

CeO2和Pd在Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂中的助剂作用

采用脉冲微反技术研究了添加n型半导体氧化物CeO2及贵金属Pd对Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂上CH4积炭/CO2消炭反应性能的影响,并运用BET、TPR、CO2-TPSR及氢吸附等技术对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,n型半导体氧化物CeO2的添加可以降低Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂上CH4裂解积炭活性,提高CO2消炭活性,添加少量贵金属Pd可以进一步改变载体Al2O3、助剂CeO2和活性组分Ni之间的相互作用,从而改善Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂的抗积炭性能.通过Ni-Ce-Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂上CH4积炭/CO2消炭模型对上述作用机制作出了新的解释.     

Co/γ-Al2O3催化剂上CO氧化反应的研究

以浸渍法与沉积沉淀法制备了不同Co负载量的Co／γ-Al2O3催化剂，研究了对CO的催化氧化行为,考察了Co含量，焙烧温度，反应温度等对催化剂氧化性能的影响，结果表明，沉积沉淀法制备400℃焙烧的负载量为10％的Co／γ-Al2O3在90℃就能够实现CO完全氧化，且热稳定性比浸渍法制得催化剂好．本文还采用XRD、TPR、XPS等技术，分别研究了Co／γ-Al2O3样品的晶相结构，还原性能及表面化学状态.XRD结果表明，以硝酸盐为前驱物的Co负载于γ-Al2O3后，Co主要以Co3O4结构存在，反应的活性相Co3O4的生成有利于CO催化氧化，且以不同制备方法得到的样品中Co3O4晶粒大小不同，催化活性也不同．TPR结果表明，以沉积沉淀法制备催化剂的还原峰向低温移动，CoOx的还原更加容易．XPS表面分析表明沉淀法制备的Co／γ-Al2O3样品中，Co3O4在载体表面富集．     

Effect of CeO2 and CaO Promoters on Ignition Performance for Partial Oxidation of Methane over Ni/MgO-Al2O3 Catalyst

The effect of CeO2 and CaO promoters on the ignition performance over Ni/MgO-Al2O3 catalyst for the partial oxidation of methane （POM） to synthesis gas was investigated. It was found that the POM reaction could not be ignited over lwt%Ni/MgO-Al2O3 catalyst without the promoters in the temperature range from 773 K to 1073 K. CeO2 and CaO promoters enhanced the ignition performance and the POM reactivity of lwt%Ni/MgO-Al2O3 catalyst remarkably. Moreover, the improving effect became greater with the increase of the promoter content under the investigated reactiorrconditions. The modification effects of CeO2 and CaO promoters were closely related to the concentration and reducibility of the surface and bulk oxygen species.     

Gas Phase Selective Catalytic Oxidation of Toluene to Benzaldehyde on V2O5-Ag2O／η-Al2O3 Catalyst

Gas phase selective catalytic oxidation of toluene to benzaldehyde was studied on V2O5-Ag2O/η-Al2O3 catalyst prepared by impregnation. The catalyst was characterized by XRD, XPS, TEM,and FT-IR. The catalytic results showed that toluene conversion and selectivity for benzaldehyde on catalyst sample No.4 (V/(V Ag)=0.68) was higher than other catalysts with different V/Ag ratios. This was attributed to the higher surface area, larger pore volume and pore diameter of the catalyst sample No.4 than the other catalysts. The XRD patterns recorded from the catalyst before and after the oxidation reaction revealed that the new phases were developed, and this suggested that silver had entered the vanadium lattice. XPS results showed that the vanadium on the surface of No.4 and No.5 sample was more than that in the bulk, thus forming a vanadium rich layer on the surface. It was noted that when the catalyst was doped by potassium promoter, the toluene conversion and selectivity for benzalde hydewere higher than those on the undoped catalyst. This was attributed to the disordered structure of V2O5 lattice of the K-doped catalyst and a better interfacial contact between the particles.     

Kinetics of Carbon Deposition on Hexaaluminate LaNiAl11O19 Catalyst During CO2 Reforming of Methane

In this paper, the properties of carbon deposited on hexaaluminate LaNiAl11O19 catalyst were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and in the meantime, the amount of carbon deposited on the catalyst, after both CH4 decomposition and CO2 reforming of CH4, was determined by means of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. The rates of carbon deposited on the catalyst were also investigated and the apparent kinetic equation of CO2 reforming of CH4: vc = kp0.72(CH4).p-0.55(CO2), was established by analyzing the relation between the rates of deposited carbon and the pressure ratio of CH4 and CO2.     

复合沉淀剂制备的CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3材料及其负载的单Pd三效催化剂

采用了一种由氨水和碳酸铵组成的复合沉淀剂来制备CeO₂-ZrO₂-Al₂O₃ （CZA）复合氧化物。作为对比,分别采用氨水和碳酸铵为沉淀剂制备了另外两个CZA复合氧化物。系统地研究了各CZA材料在织构、结构、氧化还原性能、热老化行为之间的区别,以及其负载的单Pd三效催化剂的催化性能。结果表明,不同的沉淀剂制得的材料中其CeO₂-ZrO₂ （CZ）和Al₂O₃之间的相互作用不同。用氨水做沉淀剂时,得到的材料中CZ和Al₂O₃之间的相互作用很小,导致其热稳定性较差。在碳酸铵做沉淀剂的情况下,CZ和Al₂O₃之间具有很强的相互作用,可以提高材料的热稳定性,但同时,CZ固溶体的均一性被严重破坏,使得材料的氧化还原性能不理想。而复合沉淀剂的使用可以有效地平衡CZ和Al₂O₃之间的相互作用,导致得到的CZA材料具有优异的织构、结构性能及良好的热稳定性。因此,其负载的单Pd催化剂表现出最为优异的氧化还原性能和三效催化活性。     

镧、锰掺杂改性CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3固溶体的性能

采用共沉淀法制备了一系列La, Mn共掺杂的CeO2-ZrO2-A12O3(CZA)复合氧化物, 采用BET, XRD, H2-TPR, XPS和XRF等方法对样品进行表征. 结果表明, 全部样品均形成了稳定的CZA固溶体, 经600 ℃焙烧后表现出良好的织构性能, 1000 ℃老化后, La, Mn共掺杂样品具有最佳的高温稳定性; H2-TPR测试表明, La, Mn之间存在正协同效应, 共掺杂的样品具有最佳的低温还原性能和高温稳定性; XPS结果表明, 掺杂La可有效抑制在焙烧过程中Mn向表面的迁移, 从而保持较高的表面吸附氧浓度.     

Environment-friendly synthesis of N-phenylpiperidine from aniline and 1,5-pentanediol over γ-Al2O3 catalyst

An efficient environment-friendly synthesis of N-phenylpiperidine was developed from aniline and 1,5-pentanediol over γ-Al2O3 catalyst under atmospheric pressure. The conversion of 1,5-pentanediol reached 97% and the selectivity for N-phenylpiperidine attained 94%. The structure of the catalyst was characterized by NH3-TPD and BET. The influences of calcination temperature of the catalyst and reaction temperature on activity and selectivity of the catalyst were investigated.     

不同镍盐前驱物对CH4—CO2重整Ni／γ—Al2O3催化剂性能的影响

采用浸渍方法以γ-Al2O3为载体,以硝酸镍、氯化镍、醋酸镍为前驱盐分别制备了三种催化剂Ni-N、Ni-Cl、Ni-Ac,并应用于催化CH4-CO2重整反应,考察了它们的反应性能,通过BET、TPE、XRD、XPS、TGA、H2-TPD等方法对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,由不同镍盐制备的催化剂中,镍物种的存在状态明显不同,在催化剂的制备吉祥物过程中镍盐中的阴离子影响着镍离子在催化剂中的分散及存在状态。三种催化剂中Ni-N具有较好的催化性能和抑制积碳性能,这与Ni-N中镍物种与载体之间产生较强相互作用、经还原后获得金属镍的分散高、晶粒小密切相关。