非对称核物质的化学不稳定性与力学不稳定性

基于扩展的Skyrme有效相互作用,在Hartree-Fock近似下对非对称核物质的化学不稳定性与力学不稳定性进行了研究,并与简单的三参数势,即所谓的软势与硬势的计算结果进行了比较.结果发现两种模型给出的非对称核物质化学不稳定性与力学不稳定性之间的关系是完全不同的.通过研究化学不稳定性在临界温度附近的行为发现,对软势与硬势,化学不稳定性可能出现在温度高于临界温度的气化(全爆炸)机制中.而对于SKM势参数,化学不稳定性不会出现在温度高于临界温度的气化(全爆炸)机制中.这种差别也反映在压强密度平面上力学不稳定 关键词： 非对称核物质状态方程 化学不稳定性 力学不稳定性     

中高能重离子碰撞中的集体流性质

本文研究了在静态时不同势场下,标示核物质的核物质内部压强和束缚能对核物质密度的依赖关系.在同时考虑势场的动量相关和介质效应的情况下,通过BUU动力学计算,系统地研究了核物质流对碰撞参数和入射能量的依赖关系.通过对不同状态下的计算结果与实验值的比较,加深了对核物质状态方程的了解.     

核物质的物态方程的研究

在相对论σ–ω模型的单圈图近似下,详细推导了核物质的能量密度和压强密度表达式,数值计算了核物质的结合能和压强随核密度的变化,并分别在热力学和流体力学的理论框架下,计算了核物质的压强密度,结果表明这两种方法得到的压强密度相同.     

模型及其参数对确定K介子有效质量的影响

分别使用线性和非线性Walecka模型,讨论了重子标量密度ρS和矢量密度ρB的关系.运用相对论平均场理论给出了不同模型下ρ_S-ρ_B关系曲线.利用这些结果,分析了模型和参数组对核物质中K介子有效质量影响的大小,得到了不同参数组下K介子有效质量随核物质密度的变化关系曲线.同时计算了非对称核物质中K介子有效质量在不同模型和不同参数下的有效质量的曲线,并与对称核物质中的情况进行了比较.     

"热核"的统计特性和核物质液气相变

用含温度推广的Thomas-Fermi模型讨论了"热核"和核物质的激发能、熵和自由能等热力学函数的温度依赖特性.确定了有限温度下核物质的状态方程,并进而计算了液气相变的临界温度及其对核物质不对称度的依赖关系.     

Pentaquark~+的介质效应

在密度相关的相对论平均场理论基础上,假定~+通过交换有效的同位旋标量介子σ和ω与其他重子发生相互作用,研究了强子在包含~+的奇异核物质中的性质改变。讨论并计算了介质中的~+和核子有效质量及其对重子密度的依赖关系,分析了~+在核物质中包含的成分大小以及核子的同位旋效应对奇异核物质性质的影响,进一步计算了不同重子组成比例下奇异核物质的标量密度ρ_S和矢量密度ρ_B的对应曲线。     

STAR 飞行时间探测器和反物质氦核的发现

 相对论重离子碰撞物理是20 世纪70 年代以来形成的一个新的研究领域, 其内容是研究在极端条件下的核物质形态, 即研究由相对论核- 核碰撞所产生的极端高温、高能量密度下核物质的性质, 寻找和探测新的核物质相。这种研究对人们了解物质更深层次的性质, 对于粒子物理、核物理和有关宇宙形成及演化的研究都有非常重要的意义。     

一种同位旋相关的核物质状态方程

在Hartree–Fock近似下,从扩展的Skyrme有效相互作用出发,给出了一种同位旋相关的核物质状态方程.分析了在不同相对中子过剩时的核物质状态方程.发现在核物质的饱和点处,许多物理量的同位旋相关性能够近似地与相对中子过剩满足抛物线规律.     

核物质中K介子有效质量

分析了K介子在核物质中有效质量的变化受到核物质标量密度和矢量密度的双重影响,使用Walecka模型和相对论平均场理论,讨论了核物质标量密度与矢量密度的关系,利用这一关系改进了K介子有效质量和核物质密度之间存在的依赖关系.     

有限核物质的饱和性质与液气相变

在核物质Hartree-Fock理论框架下,应用SKM^*,SKb和SGⅡ三种Skyrme等效核力参数与带屏蔽的二体库仑势,顾及到核的有限尺度效应,得到了合理的有限核零温饱和性质,发现有限核物质的液气相变临界温度约为12MeV,比无限对称核物质的约低2—3MeV。     

Effect of three-body interaction on hot asymmetric nuclear matter

The properties of hot asymmetric nuclear matter are studied in the framework of the finite temperature Brueckner－Hartree－Fock theory that is extended to include the contribution of microscopic three-body forces. We give the variation of the critical temperature with the asymmetry parameter and show the effect brought by this three-body repulsive potential on the value of the critical asymmetry of the phase transition for asymmetric nuclear matter. Owing to the additional repulsion provided by three-body forces, this value decreases. In addition, the domain of mechanical instability for hot nuclear matter is also indicated, which gradually shrinks with increasing asymmetry and temperature.     

核物质热力学性质的同位旋和动量相关性

利用3个具有不同的同位旋和动量相关性的热力学模型研究了非对称核物质的热力学性质, 它们是重离子碰撞中同位旋弥散数据约束下的、 同位旋和动量相关的MDI模型, 完全动量无关的MID模型, 以及同位旋标量动量相关的extended MDYI(eMDYI)模型。 主要研究了同位旋非对称热核物质的对称能和系统力、 化学不稳定性以及液气相变的温度效应。 MDI模型对称能的温度效应来源于动能和势能两部分贡献, 而MID和eMDYI模型只有势能部分对对称能的温度效应有贡献。 研究结果还表明, 力学不稳定性区域、 化学不稳定性区域和液气共存区都依赖于模型的同位旋和动量相关性, 以及对称能的密度依赖关系。In this article, three models with different isospin and momentum dependence are used to study the thermodynamical properties of asymmetric nuclear matter. They are isospin and momentum dependent MDI interaction constrained by the isospin diffusion data of heavy ion collision, the momentum independent MID interaction and the isoscalar momentum dependent eMDYI interaction. Temperature effects of symmetry energy, mechanical and chemical instability and liquid gas phase transition are analyzed. It is found that for MDI model the temperature effects of the symmetry energy attribute from both the kinetic and potential energy, while only potential part contributes to the decreasing of the symmetry energy for MID and eMDYI models. We also find that the mechanical instability, chemical instability and liquid gas phase transition are all sensitive to the isospin and momentum dependence and the density dependence of the symmetry energy.     

原子核多重碎裂的静态理论I.相变和多重碎裂

在温度、密度和动量相关的平均场下，对有限核１９７Ａｕ，得到了其状态方程的５个不同的相，即液相、汽相、超热液相、超冷汽相和力学不稳定相，当温度Ｔ＝６ＭｅＶ时，在坐标和动量空间对这些相进行了模拟，并采用并合模型对形成的核碎片进行了分类，关联分析表明，多重碎裂只来自于力学不稳定相的贡献     

原子核多重碎裂的静态理论Ⅱ.间歇类型和临界行为

用温度、密度和动量相关的平均场下的状态方程得到有限核¹⁹⁷Au在温度T=6MeV时的5个不同的相,即热液相、汽相、超热液相、超冷汽相和力学不稳定相,并对其在坐标和动量空间中进行了模拟,采用并合模型对形成的核碎片进行了分类. 定标阶乘矩和条件矩分析表明,间歇类型只来自于力学不稳定相的贡献,临界行为主要来自于力学不稳定相的贡献,超热液相和热液相也对临界行为有微弱贡献.     

Stellar matter in supernova explosions and nuclear multifragmentation

During the collapse of massive stars and type-II supernova explosions, stellar matter reaches densities and temperatures which are similar to ones obtained in intermediate-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions. The nuclear multifragmentation reactions can be used for determination of properties of nuclear matter at subnuclear densities, in the region of the nuclear liquid-gas phase transition. It is demonstrated that the modified properties of hot nuclei (in particular, their symmetry energy) extracted from the multifragmentation data can essentially influence the nuclear composition of stellar matter. The effects of the modification of nuclear properties on weak processes and on nucleosynthesis are also discussed. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

Isoscalar and isovector nuclear matter properties and neutron skin thickness

Isoscalar and isovector nuclear matter properties are investigated in the Skyrme Hartree-Fock (SHF) and the relativistic mean field (RMF) models. The Skyrme parameters are related analytically to the isoscalar and the isovector nuclear matter properties of the Hamiltonian density. Linear correlations are found among the isovector nuclear matter properties of the Hamiltonian density in both the SHF and the RMF models. We also discovered that the correlations between the isovector properties and the incompressibility K show a singularity at the critical incompressibility K_c=306 MeV. It is shown that the neutron skin thickness gives crucial information about not only for the neutron EOS but also about the isovector nuclear matter properties and about the parameterization of Skyrme interaction. Charge exchange spin-dipole (SD) excitations are proposed to determine the neutron skin thickness model independently.     

Ab initio study of dynamical properties of U-Nb alloy melt

The U-Nb alloy, as a kind of nuclear material with good corrosion resistance and mechanical properties, plays an important role in the nuclear industry. However, the experimental measurements and theoretical calculations of many parameters which are essential in describing the dynamical properties of this alloy melt, including density, diffusivity, and viscosity, have not been carried out yet. The lack of data on the dynamical properties of nuclear materials seriously hinders the high-performance nuclear materials from being developed and applied. In this work, the dynamical properties of the U-Nb alloy melt are systematically studied by means of ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and their corresponding mathematical models are established, thereby being able to rapidly calculate the densities, diffusion coefficients, viscosities, and their activation energies in the whole U-Nb liquid region. This work provides a new idea for investigating the dynamical properties of binary alloy melts, thereby promoting the development of melt research.     

Nuclear matter and neutron star properties with the extendedNambu-Jona-Lasinio model

An extended Nambu-Jona-Lasinio(eNJL) model with nucleons as the degrees of freedom is used to investigate properties of nuclear matter and neutron stars(NSs),including the binding energy and symmetry energy of the nuclear matter, the core-crust transition density, and mass-radius relation of NSs. The fourth-order symmetry energy at saturation density is also investigated. When the bulk properties of nuclear matter at saturation density are used to determine the model parameters, the double solutions of parameters are obtained for a given nuclear incompressibility. It is shown that the isovector-vector interaction has a significant influence on the nuclear matter and NS properties, and the sign of isovector-vector coupling constant is critical in the determination of the trend of the symmetry energy and equation of state. The effects of the other model parameters and symmetry energy slope at saturation density are discussed.