超高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱法快速筛查土豆中的多种农药残留

采用超高效液相色谱-四级杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱联用技术(UPLC/Q Orbitrap),建立土豆中农药多残留的快速筛查方法。样品采用乙腈为提取溶剂,PSA分散固相萃取净化。以BEH C18色谱柱进行色谱分离,通过静电场轨道阱质谱全扫描获得农药的精确质量数,以Full Scan/ddMS2进行定性筛查和定量检测。对欧盟考核样品土豆中175种农药残留进行分析,共从考核样品中定性筛查出17种农药残留。17种农药的高分辨质谱分析方法定量限为1~5μg/kg,在1~250μg/L的浓度范围内均呈良好的线性关系(R2>0.99);平均加标回收率为83.1%~115.5%,相对标准偏差在1.5%~11.8%之间。定量测定17种农药的含量范围在0.002~1.714 mg/kg之间,z评分在!1.00~1.24之间。本方法简单精确,灵敏度高,样品处理快捷简便,适用于农产品中农药多残留的快速筛查。     

通过型固相萃取-液相色谱-高分辨质谱法快速测定粮谷中17种酰胺类农药残留量

应用PRiME HLB固相萃取柱通过式净化技术,采用液相色谱-四极杆静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(LC-Q Orbitrap),建立了粮谷中17种酰胺类农药的检测方法。样品经乙腈提取,PRiME HLB固相萃取柱净化,在GL Intersil ODS-3色谱柱上以0.5%甲酸水和乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,四极杆静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱以Full Scan/ddMS^2模式进行检测。结果表明,各组分在各自浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.996。方法定量限在0.5~5μg/kg之间。待测物在5.0,10.0,50.0μg/kg 3个浓度水平下加标回收率在70.4%~101.6%之间,相对标准偏差在2.7%~10.8%之间。该方法可用于粮谷中酰胺类农药的测定。     

在线净化液相色谱-高分辨质谱法快速筛查果蔬中212种农药残留

基于在线净化液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱技术建立了快速筛查果蔬中212种农药残留的方法和数据库。样品经0.1%乙酸乙腈提取,提取液经在线净化柱(Cyclone-P)净化、富集后,以乙腈-0.5 mmol/L乙酸铵(含0.1%乙酸)为流动相梯度洗脱,待测物经C_(18)分析柱色谱分离后,采用四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱以正负同时扫描的Full Scan/dd MS2模式进行检测。结果表明,212种农药在0.5~50μg/L范围内呈良好线性,相关系数均大于0.998。方法的定量下限(LOQ)均可达到5μg/kg。通过实际样品的加标回收试验,212种农药在10μg/kg的加标回收率为58.3%~129.4%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.8%~16.0%。该方法利用精确质量数、保留时间、同位素峰比、二级碎片等多个定性信息可在无标准物质的情况下实现对果蔬中212种化合物的快速筛查与确证。     

通过式固相萃取结合超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱快速筛查畜禽肉中108种兽药残留

采用通过式固相萃取消减样品中杂质干扰,基于超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(UHPLC-Q/Orbitrap HRMS)联用技术建立了同时快速筛查畜禽肉中108种兽药残留的分析方法.样品匀质后,经乙腈溶液(80％,V/V,含0.2％甲酸)提取,Oasis PRiME HLB固相萃取柱通过式净化,氮吹后复溶...     

亲水相互作用色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱检测奶粉中的氟乙酸钠

基于亲水相互作用色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱系统,建立了奶粉中氟乙酸钠的快速筛查和定量检测方法。奶粉样品用水溶解后经正己烷脱脂,用6 mol/L硫酸调节pH值,经乙腈提取后用亲水相互作用色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱进行分析。结果表明,该方法在1~50 μg/kg范围内线性关系良好,定量限为1 μg/kg,平均回收率为85.5%~106%,相对标准偏差为5.20%~13.6%。该方法可用于配方奶粉、脱脂奶粉和乳清粉等奶粉产品中氟乙酸钠的快速筛查和定量分析。     

亲水作用色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨率质谱快速测定水样中氨基脲

建立了亲水作用色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱快速检测水中氨基脲的方法。水样中加入0.1 mol/ L NaOH 溶液后,以乙腈为提取剂,加入过量 Na2 SO4,使乙腈与水分层,乙腈提取液再经无水 Na2 SO4脱水后,采用亲水作用色谱柱 Amide 色谱柱分离,以0.1%甲酸水溶液及0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨率质谱电喷雾正离子、选择离子监测模式检测,同位素内标法进行定量分析。在最优实验条件下,氨基脲在0.2~20μg/ L 浓度范围内线性相关系数为0.997,方法的检出限为0.09μg/ L,定量限为0.30μg/ L。以淡水和海水为空白样品,在添加浓度为0.5,1.0和5.0μg/ kg 水平下,氨基脲的加标回收率为82.3%~92.0%,相对标准偏差小于7.6%。本方法适用于环境水样中氨基脲的快速分析。     

高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱用于葡萄酒中111种农药残留的定性筛查与定量分析

建立了高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱快速筛查和分析葡萄酒中多种农药残留的方法。葡萄酒样品经含0.1%醋酸的乙腈溶液提取,盐析后浓缩,甲醇水定容后,经N-丙基乙二胺粉(PSA)净化,以C18柱为分析色谱柱,乙腈和5 mmol/L醋酸铵水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,使用高分辨质谱Q-Exactive采集数据。检测数据表明,111种农药在1~100μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r2)大于0.99。通过加标验证,该方法检出限可达到5μg/kg,回收率为63.3%~123.7%,RSD为3.2%~18.8%。经过实际样品验证,该方法简单、可靠、准确、快速,可用于葡萄酒中多种农药残留的高通量定性筛选和定量分析。     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱对粮谷产品中20种真菌毒素的快速筛查和确证

建立了超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱快速筛查和确证粮谷产品中20种真菌毒素的方法。样品经乙腈（含2%（体积分数）甲酸）提取,用Captiva EMR-Lipid小柱净化,采用Thermo Hypersil Gold C₁₈柱（100 mm×2.1 mm,1.9 μm）分离,用四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱进行分析。在全扫描模式下以分析物的保留时间和一级母离子信息实现快速筛查,以自动触发采集的二级碎片离子信息进行确证。结果显示,目标分析物在各自的质量浓度范围内线性关系良好（相关系数r²>0.99）,方法检出限为0.25~20 μg/kg,回收率为72.9%~117.8%,相对标准偏差为2.9%~15.2%（n=6）。该方法灵敏度高,结果准确、可靠,适用于粮谷产品中20种真菌毒素的快速筛查和确证。     

在线净化液相色谱-高分辨质谱法快速测定动物源性食品中均三嗪类药物及其代谢产物的残留量

基于在线净化液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱技术建立了快速测定动物源食品中地克珠利、妥曲珠利、妥曲珠利砜和妥曲珠利亚砜残留的分析方法。样品采用乙腈提取,经Cyclone在线净化柱净化后,将富集的目标物洗脱转至C_(18)分析柱,经色谱分离后,采用四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱以Full Scan/dd MS2模式进行检测。4种化合物在0.5~50 ng/m L范围内呈良好线性,相关系数均大于0.999 4,方法的定量下限(LOQ)为2μg/kg。待测物在4种基质中的加标回收率为80.2%~110.5%,相对标准偏差为2.8%~9.7%。该方法简化了前处理过程,消除了基质干扰。利用精确质量数、保留时间、同位素峰比、二级碎片多个定性信息能够实现快速确证测定。     

QuEChERS-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱测定动物性食品中氟虫腈及其代谢物残留

基于低温处理和QuEChERS方法,采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱建立了动物性食品中氟虫腈及其代谢物残留的分析检测方法。样品采用乙腈提取,经低温处理,N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)和C18粉分散固相萃取(d-SPE)净化,以BEH C18色谱柱为分析柱,乙腈-0.1%乙酸溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱分离,外标法定量。采用高分辨质谱平行反应监测(PRM)扫描模式,以负离子采集进行定性筛查和定量分析。氟虫腈及其代谢物在0.02~2μg/L和0.2~20μg/L质量浓度范围内均呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r2)大于0.992。对液体或半液体样品(如牛奶和鸡蛋)和固体样品(如鸡肉),方法的定量下限分别为0.1μg/kg和0.2μg/kg。在不同浓度的加标水平下,氟虫腈及其代谢物在鸡蛋中的平均回收率为81.6%~96.9%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.3%~11.5%;在鸡肉中的平均回收率为81.2%~96.0%,RSD为3.4%~11.4%;在牛奶中的平均回收率为79.1%~100.1%,RSD为1.5%~10.7%。该方法简单、灵敏、准确,适用于动物性食品中氟虫腈及其代谢物的快速筛查和定量检测,方法的灵敏度满足欧盟的残留限量要求。     

Gels from a semifluorinated n-alkane in fluorinated solvents as a probe for intermolecular interactions

Diblock semifluorinated n-alkanes can form aggregates and gels in fluorinated solvents. We have investigated the thermal behavior of binary mixtures comprising F(CF₂)₈(CH₂)₁₆H and fluorinated solvents. The solvents were perfluorohexane, perfluoroheptane, perfluorooctane, perfluorooctyl bromide, perfluorodecalin, and perfluorotributylamine. The phase diagrams were used to calculate the activity coefficients of the two components and the main excess thermodynamic functions. The solubility and self-assembly behavior of F₈H₁₆ in the fluorinated solvents are related to the different solute–solvent dispersion interactions that depend on the polarizabilities and ionization potentials of the interacting species, and on the structural properties of the solvent.     

Studies on the Formation of Catalytically Active PGM Nanoparticles from Model Solutions as a Basis for the Recycling of Spent Catalysts

The paper presents basic studies on the precipitation of platinum, palladium, rhodium, and ruthenium nanoparticles from model acidic solutions using sodium borohydride, ascorbic acid, and sodium formate as reducing agents and polyvinylpyrrolidone as a stabilizing agent. The size of the obtained PGM particles after precipitation with NaBH₄ solution does not exceed 55 nm. NaBH₄ is an efficient reducer; the precipitation yields for Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh are 75, 90, 65 and 85%, respectively. By precipitation with ascorbic acid, it is possible to efficiently separate Pt, Rh, and Ru from Pd from the two-component mixtures. The obtained Pt, Pd, and Rh precipitates have the catalytic ability of the catalytic reaction of p-nitrophenol to p-aminophenol. The morphological characteristic of the PGM precipitates was analyzed by AFM, SEM-EDS, and TEM.     

PMDA-BPDA-HAB聚苯并噁唑的合成及耐热性

PMDA-BPDA-HAB聚苯并噁唑的合成及耐热性;均苯四甲酸二酐;联苯四羧酸二酐;二羟基联苯胺;聚酰亚胺;聚苯并噁唑;耐热性     

HCOO在Cu(110)、Ag(110)和Au(110)表面的吸附

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)以及广义梯度近似方法(GGA)计算了甲酸根(HCOO)在Cu(110)、Ag(110)和Au(110)表面的吸附. 计算结果表明, 短桥位是最稳定的吸附位置, 计算的几何参数与以前的实验和计算结果吻合. 吸附热顺序为Cu(110)(-116 kJ·mol-1)>Ag(110)(-57 kJ·mol-1)>Au(110)(-27 kJ·mol-1), 与实验上甲酸根的分解温度相一致. 电子态密度分析表明, 吸附热顺序可以用吸附分子与金属d-带之间的Pauli 排斥来关联, 即排斥作用越大, 吸附越弱. 另外还从计算的吸附热数据以及实验上HCOO的分解温度估算了反应CO2+1/2H2→HCOO的活化能, 其大小顺序为Au(110)>Ag(110)>Cu(110).     

Transition metal complexes of the tripodal ligand 4-(2′-pyridylmethyl)-4-azaheptane-1,7-diamine. Crystal structures of [CuLCl]ClO4 and [NiL(MeCN)2](ClO4)2

The tripodal ligand 4-(2′-pyridylmthyl)-4-azaheptane-1,7-diamine has been prepared by reaction of 2-aminemethyl pyridine with acrylonitrile, followed by the reduction of the nitrile groups. Copper(II), nickel(II), zinc(II), cobalt(III) and chromium(III) complexes of the ligand have been prepared and characterized and the crystal structures of the complexes [CuLCl]ClO₄ and [NiL(MeCN)₂](ClO₄)₂ determined. The copper complex is five coordinate with approximate square pyramidal stereochemistry with the apical position occupied by a primary amine donor. The nickel complex is octahedral with the pyridine nitrogen donor lying trans to an acetonitrile ligand.     

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF METAL COMPLEXES WITH AMPICILLIN

Abstract

The reaction, in water, of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) ions with sodium ampicillinate at room temperature has allowed isolation of dimers with the following general formula [M(amp)Cl]₂ × nH₂O (n = 1.5?3.2). The complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, conductivity measurements, magnetic susceptibilities and spectroscopic methods (IR, Raman, EPR and UV-Visible). A dinuclear structure based on octahedrally coordinated metal ions is proposed.     

Magnetism of metal-nitroxide compounds involving bis-chelating imidazole and benzimidazole substituted nitronyl nitroxide free radicals

Coordination compounds based on imidazole and benzimidazole substituted nitronyl nitroxide radicals with transition metal ions and trivalent lanthanide ions are described from the perspective of their magnetic properties.For the transition metal compounds the crystal structures show various metal-nitroxide dimensionalities including mononuclear (0D), one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) complexes. The mononuclear complexes were isolated with most metal ions of the first transition series. One copper(II) complex shows a copper(II)-radical ferromagnetic coupling (J = +75 cm⁻¹) while for the other mononuclear compounds, mainly with manganese(II), the metal-radical interactions are antiferromagnetic. The one-dimensional and two-dimensional complexes are manganese(II) compounds which show canting effects leading to weak ferromagnetism.For the trivalent lanthanide ions [La(III), Gd(III) and Eu(III)], three series of mononuclear complexes were obtained in which the metal center is bound to four, two or one nitroxide radicals depending on the counter ions and ancillary ligands. Unexpectedly, in most gadolinium(III) complexes, the Gd(III)-radical interactions were found to be antiferromagnetic in contradiction with other foundings and previous theoretical models. In support to the magnetic studies, the optical properties of the lantanide complexes have also been investigated and are briefly described.     

New Complexes of Ditopic Ligands with “d” and/or “s” Metal Ions

Abstract

The asymmetric compartmental macrocycles containing one N₂O₂ or N₃O₂ Schiff base and one O₂O₃ or O₂O₄ crown-ether like chamber, have been obtained by condensation reaction of the formyl precursors 3,3′-(3-oxapentane-1, 5-diyldioxy) bis (2-hydroxybenzaldehyde) or 3,3′-(3,6-dioxaoctane-1,8-diyldioxy)-bis(2-hydroxybenzaldehyde) with ethyl ethylenediamine (H₂L_A, H₂L_C), 1,5-diamino-3-azamethylpentane(H₂L_B, H₂L_D), also in the presence of metal ions as templating agents. These ditopic ligands, with dissimilar coordination sites, have been designed and used for the selective complexation of “d” and/or “s” metal ions, respectively into the Schiff base and the crown ether chamber. The selectivity of these processes strongly depends on the size and on the donor atom sets of the sites. The possibility to obtain mononuclear M(L)·nH₂O (M = Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, Co²⁺), Mn(L)(CH₃COO)·nH₂O or Na(L) and hetero-dinuclear MNa(L)(CH₃COO) (M = Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, Co²⁺) and MnNa(L)(CH₃COO)₂·nH₂O complexes has been successfully tested. The ligands and complexes have been characterized by ir, nmr, mass spectrometry and magnetic susceptibility measurements.

Two of the ligands used for the preparation of the solid samples, i.e., to H₂L_A and H₂L_B, have been employed to study complexation reactions of Co(II) and Na(I) in solution. In order to obtain information on the ligand preorganization effect toward the complex stabilities, a simpler open chain parent compound of H₂L_B (H₂L_E) has been also prepared and studied. FT-IR spectra show that H₂L_A is unable to complex Na⁺ in DMSO while the complexation reactions of Na⁺ by H₂L_B and of Co²⁺ by H₂L_A take place with slow kinetics. Therefore, thermodynamic data have been obtained only for the systems Co²⁺/H₂L_B and Co²⁺/H₂L_E. The thermodynamic parameters obtained for the complexation reactions show that the pre-organization of the donor atoms in H₂L_B does not add a significant contribution to the stabilities of the complexes. Both H₂L_B and H₂L_E form in DMSO 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 = M:L complexes with very similar stabilities and almost equal enthalpies of formation. Physico-chemical studies suggest besides that the slow reaction of Na⁺ with H₂L_B is probably due to the formation of a 1:1 complex where the metal cation, initially occupying the O₃ cage of the ligand, slowly binds also the oxygens of the phenolic moieties. Spectral and calorimetric data on solutions containing H₂L_B and different Co²⁺: Na⁺ ratios evidence that in DMSO no stable heterodinuclear complexes form when the neutral ligand is considered.     

具有聚集诱导发光性质的近红外荧光染料

聚集诱导发光(AIE)现象的发现为解决传统有机荧光分子在高浓度和聚集形态下存在的荧光猝灭问题提供了最佳方案,并实现了在光电器件、化学传感、生物成像和靶向治疗等众多领域的广泛应用.随着对AIE 发光机理研究的不断深入,AIE 分子体系得到了极大的扩展.其中,一类具有给体-受体结构的AIE分子能够显著降低分子能隙,使发光分...     

Simple,Selective, and Sensitive Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Trace Amounts of Nickel（Ⅱ）, Copper （Ⅱ）, Cobalt （Ⅱ）, and Iron （Ⅲ） with a Novel Reagent 2-Pyridine Carboxaldehyde Isonicotinyl Hydrazone

A selective and sensitive reagent of 2-pyridine carboxaldehyde isonicotinyl hydrazone（2-PYAINH） was synthesized and studied for the spectrophotometric determination of nickel, copper, cobalt, and iron in detail. At a pH value of 7.0, 9,0, 9.0, and 8.0, respectively, which greatly increased the selectivity; nickel, copper, cobalt, and iron reacted with 2-PYAINH to form a 1：2 yellow-orange, 1：2 yellow-green, 1：2 yellow and 1：1 yellow complexes, with absorption peaks at 363, 352, 346, and 359 nm, respectively. Under the optimal conditions, Beer＇s law was obeyed over the ranges of 0.01-1.4, 0.01-1.5, 0.01-2.7, and 0.01-5.4 mg/L respectively. The apparent molar absorptivity and Sandell＇s sensitivities were 8.4×10^4, 5.2×10^4, 7.1×10^4, and 3.9×10^4 L·mol^-l·cm^-1, respectively, and 0.00069, 0.0012, 0.00078, and 0.0014 μg·cm2, respectively. The detection limits were found to be 0.001, 0.002, 0.003, and 0.01 mg/L, respectively. The detailed study of various interfering ions to make the method more sensitive was carried out and selective and several real samples were analyzed with satisfactory results.