高效液相色谱法测定血红蛋白氧载体中残留的戊二醛

建立了一种测定血红蛋白氧载体中戊二醛残余含量的高效液相色谱方法.用10 kDa超滤膜通过离心3000 r/min×20 min将游离戊二醛从待测样品中分离;在pH 1.0时,在含有70%乙腈的体系中用2,4-二硝基苯肼在30 min内将戊二醛衍生成2,4-二硝基苯腙(n(2,4-二硝基苯肼): n(戊二醛)=60: 1),以70%乙腈为流动相,避免了衍生产物生成沉淀.用高效液相色谱法分离测定衍生物,可在20 min内完成分离,同时对衍生步骤进行了优化.本方法具有较高的灵敏度和良好的线性关系,检出限为1.0 ng,在0.1～10 mg/L范围内其线性相关系数为0.9999,重复测定6次的相对标准偏差小于3.0%,回收率为95.26%.     

对2,4-二硝基苯腙法分析甲醛和乙醛酸混合样品的几点改进

甲醛和乙醛酸是乙醇胺、甘氨酸及其N-烷基化合物的热分解产物。用2,4-二硝基苯腙法测定低浓度羰基化合物的含量是目前经常采用的方法。但要用该法分别测定混合样品中甲醛和乙醛酸的含量是困难的,而且试剂处理也太繁琐。我们用稀盐酸水溶液代替无羰基的甲醇作溶剂,用分析纯的2,4-二硝基苯肼代替二次纯化试剂,配制的溶液用四氯化碳处理后直接使用,获得了满意的结果。甲醛、乙醛酸和试剂反应生成2,4-二硝基苯腙后,由于R基的不同,其亲水性有很大差异。用四氯化碳萃取,甲醛的2,4-二硝基苯腙到四氯化碳相,而乙醛酸的2,4-二硝基苯腙则仍留在水     

同位素标记及未标记的1-脱氧-D-木酮糖-5-磷酸和2-甲基-D-赤藓糖醇-4-磷酸的合成方法

萜类化合物构成了最大的一个天然产物家族,结构复杂多变,且有许多重要的生理活性.2-甲基-D-赤藓糖醇4-磷酸(MEP)途径是近年来发现并建立的一条萜类化合物的生物合成途径,其中所涉及到的酶均可作为靶标来进行新抗菌素的筛选.综述了以化学合成及酶催化合成方法制备MEP途径中关键中间体1-脱氧-D-木酮糖5-磷酸和2-甲基-D-赤藓糖醇4-磷酸的进展,并着重介绍了同位素标记的这两个化合物的制备方法.     

2,4-二硝基苯醛腙的APCI-MS/MS研究

环境样品中的微量醛酮常用2,4-二硝基苯肼将其衍生化为2,4-二硝基苯腙(DNPH),然后通过配置大气压化学电离源(APCI)的HPLC-MS/MS进行分离测定[1].APCI源产生的离子寿命长达10 μs,足够离子和离子之间、离子和分子之间在离子源及离子阱内发生反应,MS/MS产生的离子机理通常比较复杂.本文为了探究醛类化合物的2,4-二硝基苯腙衍生物的(-)APCI-MS/MS行为,找出其裂解规律,对甲醛、乙醛和丙醛的2,4-二硝基苯腙衍生物作了(-)APCI-MS/MS,结果均出现m/z 76、120、151、179离子,情形与Stephan Kolliker等人报道的丙酮腙的结果相符,明显不同之处是醛腙的MS/MS都出现m/z 163离子强信号,笔者认为后者可能为m/z 179离子失去1个氧原子而生成了苯并三唑离子.     

2-4-二硝基苯肼衍生/高效液相色谱法测定葡萄酒中总乙偶姻的含量

建立了测定葡萄酒中总乙偶姻含量的2,4-二硝基苯肼衍生/高效液相色谱法,确定了2,4-二硝基苯肼(DNPH)进行柱前衍生的最佳酸度、反应时间、DNPH用量、反应温度及衍生后处理步骤。采用UltimateC18柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)对衍生产物进行分离,流动相为乙腈-水(55∶45),流速1.0 mL/min;柱温30℃;检测波长363 nm。在优化条件下,乙偶姻在0～40.0 mg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.999 9。干红葡萄酒样品的加标回收率为95%～106%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.3%～3.4%;干白葡萄酒的回收率为94%～104%,RSD值为2.5%～3.1%。对几种不同种类葡萄酒的总乙偶姻含量进行测定,结果显示国产伪劣葡萄酒及自酿腐败葡萄酒中总乙偶姻的含量明显高于合格葡萄酒。乙偶姻的含量可为葡萄酒的品质鉴定提供参考。     

5-核糖或木糖亚甲基-2,4-咪唑啉二酮衍生物的合成及其杀菌活性

以1,2:5,6-O-二异丙叉-α-D-呋喃葡萄糖为原料,经过吡啶重铬酸盐(PDC)氧化、NaBH4还原及选择性水解,实现α-D-木糖环向α-D-核糖环的C(3)位羟基构型的转化,然后分别在高碘酸钠氧化作用下得到糖环上C(5)位为醛基的α-D-木糖和α-D-核糖衍生物,它们分别与2,4-咪唑啉二酮-5-膦酸酯及2-硫代-2,4-咪唑啉二酮发生Wittig-Horner反应及Knoevenagel反应,分离得到3对5-核糖或木糖亚甲基-2,4-咪唑啉二酮衍生物顺反异构体,它们的化学结构经1H NMR,IR,MS和X射线单晶衍射确证.初步生物活性测定结果表明:在50μg/mL浓度下,部分目标化合物均对供试菌种显现出一定的抑制活性.     

2，4-二硝基苯肼比色法快速测定餐饮企业油烟中醛酮类化合物含量的研究

基于醛酮类化合物中的羰基与2,4-二硝基苯肼在加热及酸的催化条件下生成黄色的苯腙类化合物,该化合物在强碱性条件下进一步生成红色或酒红色的显色物质,该文建立了一种2,4-二硝基苯肼比色法快速测定醛酮类化合物的方法,并将其应用于实际餐饮体系。最佳实验条件为：反应温度60 ℃,反应时间30 min,浓盐酸45 μL,醛肼比为1∶50,60 g/L KOH 2.0 mL。该方法操作简单,样品通量大,线性范围宽（2.5～15 μmol/L）,用于实际餐饮油烟样品的分析,加标回收率为80.0%～84.0%,相对标准偏差（RSD）均小于5%。该方法为快速、高效测量餐饮油烟中高浓度的醛酮类化合物提供了参考。     

2,4-二硝基苯肼与非醛、酮化合物反应的探讨

2,4-二硝基苯肼是重要的羰基试剂,可以与醛、酮和酮酸发生反应,生成黄色或红色固体.但是,我们通过大量的实验,发现有些非醛、酮化合物也能与2,4-二硝基苯肼发生反应,生成黄色或砖红色固体.因此,在与2,4-二硝基苯肼发生反应时,得到阳性结果的,不一定是醛、酮,而得到阴性结果的肯定不是醛、酮.对于这类问题,在有机化学教学中应该引起重视,特别是讨论醛、酮检验方法时,要给予适当的解释.     

高效液相色谱法测定卷烟粘合剂中甲醛、乙醛的含量

提出了预衍生化高效液相色谱法测定卷烟粘合剂中甲醛、乙醛含量的方法。卷烟粘合剂中醛经纯净水提取,离心机离心后分取部分上层清液,与2,4-二硝基苯肼衍生反应,生成的甲醛和乙醛的2,4-二硝基苯腙,用C18柱进行分离,用乙腈与水的混合物作流动相。在358nm紫外波长下检测,用醛衍生物配制标准定量。甲醛和乙醛在0.10～10.0mg·mL-1范围内呈线性。甲醛加标回收率在98.3%～118.9%之间,乙醛加标回收率在79.2%～89.2%之间,相对标准偏差(n=5)均小于5%。     

一步法合成2,4-二硝基苯甲醚

以1-氯-2,4-二硝基苯（CDNB）为原料,不使用相转移催化剂,用KOH溶液为反应介质,一步合成了2,4-二硝基苯甲醚,其结构经¹H NMR, FT-IR和元素分析确证。最佳反应条件为：CDNB 0.20 mol, 30%KOH溶液为反应介质,甲醇100 mL,于55 ℃反应60 min,收率96.5%,纯度99.8%。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。