Spherical Wave Diffraction by a Slit in an Impedance Screen

An exact solution is developed for the problem of diffraction of an E-polarized and an H-polarized spherical waves by a slit in an impedance screen. This consideration is important in the sense that point sources are regarded as better substitutes for real sources than line sources/plane waves. The two independent problems are solved using the Fourier transform, the Wiener-Hopf technique and asymptotic approximations.     

On the Diffraction of a Pulsed Wave by a Slit

A new interpretation of the pulsed wave diffraction by a slit is given. The interpretation is based on the representation of the diffraction within the framework of a new method of local oscillation frequencies. The method is used to analyze the radiation field structure described in terms of the Laplace-Beltrami wave equation and the Einstein equations for weak gravitational fields in a curved space. It is found that, under assumptions corresponding to the method of local-oscillation frequencies, the energy-conservation law breaks down in the radiation field defined by the Einstein equations. An analysis of transverse structure of radiation in the far-field zone using the Laplace-Beltrami wave equation yielded results that agree satisfactorily with the known results of experimental and theoretical studies.     

平面波经小圆孔衍射的轴上光强特性

基于精确的衍射场公式和横截面上光强的精确表述，分析讨论了单色平面光波经小圆孔衍射后，其衍射光束轴上光强的最大值以及轴上光强极值的数目和小圆孔半径的关系；并且由此考察了一般的菲涅耳数计算公式的使用条件。     

圆孔限制下有相位变化的高斯光束远场发散度的理论分析

依据夫琅和费衍射理论,通过引入高斯变换,即把夫琅和费衍射积分中的贝赛尔函数用一高斯函数来近似,详细分析并推导出圆孔限制下具有相位变化的高斯光束远场发散度的近似计算公式.与传统数值积分求光束发散度相比,它避免了繁琐数值积分,其误差不超过3％.     

Diffraction of a Gaussian Beam by a Periodic Screen

Based on the plane wave analysis and the superposition of the plane waves, the diffraction of a Gaussian beam by a periodic screen with a dielectric plate is analyzed. The reflection power coefficient for different parameters of the beam and the screen is given. When the beam waist size is increased the results reaches that of the plane wave. It has been found that the power reflection coefficient is not sensitive to the beam waist size, however, it is sensitive to the period of the grating and polarization angle.     

Spectral Intensity Distribution of a Time Dependent Gaussian Pulsed Beam From a Circular Aperture in the Near-Field Diffraction

The diffraction characteristics of a broadband light source from a circular aperture in the near-field are clarified theoretically via prompt and precise mathematical derivation. This paper provides a explicit way of treating in the case of time dependent Gaussian-shaped pulsed beam passing through a circular aperture and gives more accurate and concrete criteria for judging the timing of the spectral red shift, blue shift and splitting of light distributions. Furthermore, the results offer an understanding of the Gaussian beam quality of the output of an optical resonator in the near-field.     

Features of Sound Diffraction by a Noise Absorbing Screen

Computer simulation results for the absorption capacity of a semi-infinite noise screen with the absorbing layer are presented. The screen efficiency was determined depending on the location of the sound source and the sound frequency. The influence of the size of the absorbing layer on the noise screen’s efficiency is analyzed. It is shown that there is an optimal size of the absorbing layer for which the absorption of the screen will be maximum. The article was prepared based on materials in a report at the Third All-Russian Acoustics Conference (September 21–25, 2020, St. Petersburg).

     

Uncertainty Relation and Diffraction of Microobjects by a Screen Opening

In the present paper, the Heisenberg uncertainty relations are interpreted for the case of microparticle passage through an opening in a continuous screen. It is demonstrated that the derivation of the uncertainty relations based on the diffraction approach, as is sometimes done in general physics textbooks and handbooks, is not quite correct. In the approximation in which the atomic structure of the screen with an opening is considered and the quantum theory of single scattering by many centers is used, the pattern of microparticle scattering on the screen with an opening is found to be similar to the optical diffraction pattern.     

微小孔近场衍射的能量传输

用标量衍射理论研究了圆孔近场衍射中的能量传输,计算了透系数及轴线上衍射场的能流密度,在微小孔衍射的情况下,讨论了矢量衍射理论对能量传输问题标量处理的修正。     

On Dynamical X-Ray Diffraction in Crystals Modulated by an Acoustic Wave

JETP Letters - Dynamical X ray scattering in crystals modulated by an acoustic wave has been consistently considered. Diffraction in the cases of a spatially uniform amplitude of ultrasound in the...     

Modeling of Dark Solitons for Nonlinear Longitudinal Wave Equation in a Magneto-Electro-Elastic Circular Rod

In this paper, sub equation and expansion methods are proposed to construct exact solutions of a nonlinear longitudinal wave equation (LWE) in a magneto-electro-elastic circular rod. The proposed methods have been used to construct hyperbolic, rational, dark soliton and trigonometric solutions of the LWE in the magneto-electro-elastic circular rod. Arbitrary values are given to the parameters in the solutions obtained. 3D, 2D and contour graphs are presented with the help of a computer package program. Solutions attained by symbolic calculations revealed that these methods are effective, reliable and simple mathematical tool for finding solutions of nonlinear evolution equations arising in physics and nonlinear dynamics.     

Discussion on Unique Characteristics of Second Order Harmonic in a Nonlinear Surface Acoustic Wave Investigated by Optical Diffraction Method

Unique capability of the second harmonic in a nonlinear surface acoustic wave (NLSAW) generated on 128° Y-X LiNbO₃ substrate was investigated by optical diffraction technique. Amplitudes of the fundamental, the second harmonic, and the third harmonic in it were evaluated from an equation composed as a basis of the Beckmann-Spizzichino model. The experimental findings were as follows: the second harmonic velocity was faster than that of the fundamental; a full width at half maximum in envelope profile of the second harmonic was unchanged as if it experienced the gold thin film; total peak intensity in the envelope profile of the second harmonic during collision at gold thin film area was stronger than the sum of individual peak intensity of two second harmonics before the collision. From our experimental findings we conclude that the second harmonic has a soliton-like characteristic.     

准直圆孔衍射高斯光束远场发散度

将夫琅和费衍射积分中的贝塞尔函数用高斯函数近似,得到经圆孔径准直光学系统衍射后高斯光束远场发散角的近似解析式.在不同衍射情况下,将其与严格夫琅禾费衍射积分进行比较,发现二者求解出的远场发散度接近.衍射孔径大小相同情况下,近似解析式与真实值的误差随准直前光束初始束腰的增大而减小;初始束腰不变的情况下,随着衍射孔径的增大,误差值略有上升,但最终趋于平稳.在初始束腰半径不小于2μm的前提下,误差值最大不超过3.4%.该近似解析式在各种衍射情况下都能较为准确地表征准直圆孔衍射高斯光束远场发散度,且形式简单.对比不同衍射孔径和光束初始束腰条件下的光束发散度仿真结果可知,光束发散度随衍射孔径的增大而减小,随初始束腰的增大而增加.     

Fraunhofer Diffraction Pattern by a Slit Aperture between a Knife Edge and a Metal Cylinder

The Fraunhofer diffraction pattern of an aperture formed between a knife edge and a smooth surface of a turned metal cylinder or half cylinder is different from the diffraction pattern of an ideal slit aperture. The diffraction pattern is simulated by adding the light reflected by the cylinder surface to the pattern formed by a slit, and is measured using a cylinder that has been partly cut away so that it can represent either a full or half cylinder. The theoretical and measured patterns agree well with each other.     

利用金属筛网拓展光栅衍射实验

为拓展大学物理实验中光栅衍射实验的内容,使其更贴近生活,实验现象形式多样,利用生产生活中常用的金属筛网作为二维光栅设计实验内容。通过筛网的衍射,可直观地观察到二维光栅的衍射现象,并分析了不同衍射图像产生的原因。通过两种不同的方案测量衍射角,从而计算出筛网的关键参数-网孔尺寸。     

Diffraction by a Corrugated Interface. Complete Transformation of an Incident Wave to the Diffraction Lobe

Using the simplest (sinusoidal) corrugation profile in the approximation of absence of losses in the material as an example, we study the regimes of complete transformation of an incident wave to the diffraction lobe by a corrugated metal surface or a corrugated interface of two dielectric media. A numerical-intuitive pattern of appearance and evolution of such regimes with increasing corrugation amplitude is revealed. It is shown that the regimes of complete transformation of an incident wave to the diffraction lobe are possible in both the case of autocollimation and the case of a considerable deviation from it. The examination is based on a numerical method of solving the integral equation by means of a specially created interactive processing system in Visual Fortran.     

高电压锯齿波聚束器的设计研制

近些年来,使用锯齿波直接形成的方法建造非谐振型聚束器在国内及国际均得到了广泛的应用。由于电子技术及机械加工工艺的飞速发展和更高功率电子管的出现,可以设计出更高指标的聚束器,进而可以有效提高束线的匹配效率及运行稳定度。对兰州重离子加速器源束线新的高电压锯齿波聚束器的研制进行了详细阐述,由于该聚束器具有目前国际同类型设备中最高的电压、频率以及相对苛刻的现场条件限制,故还对设计中所涉及的工程实施方案进行了有效补充和完善。     

Diffraction of a Plane Electromagnetic Wave by a Metal Grating with a Magnetoplasma

Within the framework of a rigorous formulation, we solve the problem of diffraction of a plane H-polarized electromagnetic wave by a perfectly conducting, periodic strip grating located on the boundary of half-space filled with a homogeneous cold electron magnetoplasma. The numerical results are presented.     

高斯光束经环形光栅的衍射特性分析

基于傅里叶-贝塞尔变换计算高斯光束垂直入射环形光栅时的衍射远场分布,分析了其衍射远场光强分布的一般规律,并与平面波入射时的情况进行了比较.计算结果表明:当光栅半径为1.5倍高斯光束束腰半径时,随着光栅环数的增加,中央亮斑半值全宽先减小后增大、中央亮斑所包含的功率占总功率的比值减小、中央主极大光强值减小,三者的变化趋势与平面波入射时的趋势一致;中央亮斑半径、次极大光强值变化趋势与平面波入射时的变化趋势不同.当环数小于5时,高斯光束经过环形光栅的衍射场光强变化无规律;当环数大于10后两种情况下衍射场光强变化都不明显;当环数趋于无穷时中央亮斑半径、中央亮斑半值全宽、次极大光强值趋于圆孔衍射(环数等于1)时的值,中央亮斑所包含的功率占总功率的比值约等于圆孔衍射时的1/2,中央主极大光强值约等于圆孔衍射时的1/4.