Luminescent Nanomaterials Doped with Rare Earth Ions and Prospects for Their Biomedical Applications (A Review)

Optics and Spectroscopy - A review of recent advances in the development of luminescent inorganic nanoparticles doped with rare earth ions, which can be used for biomedical applications, is...     

Calcium Phosphate-Based Composite Coating by Micro-Arc Oxidation (MAO) for Biomedical Application: A Review

Calcium phosphate (Ca-P) based composites have attracted great attention in the scientific community over the last decade for the development of biomedical applications. Among such Ca-P-based structures, carbonate apatite (CA) and hydroxyapatite (HA) materials have received much attention in the clinical and biomedical fields, mainly because of their unique biological characteristics. These characteristics can promote the biocompatibility of implant materials and osseointegration between the implant and host bone. Various studies have been carried out on the fabrication of Ca-P coatings on orthopedic and dental implants using the micro-arc oxidation (MAO) process; however, there has not been a comprehensive review of the control of MAO parameters to achieve an optimal coating structure. This article presents a critical analysis of the synthesis techniques that have been adopted for the fabrication of Ca-P-based coatings on both commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) and biomedical grade Ti alloys. Moreover, this work elucidates the influence of MAO processing parameters such as electrolyte concentration, pH value, voltage, and time on the crystal structure and surface morphology of Ca-P coatings. It is shown that the surface thickness, crystal structure, and surface morphology of Ca-P coatings directly influence their biocompatibility.     

The Current Status of the Development of Light-Sensitive Media for Holography (a Review)

The results of studies that have been performed over the last decade in the field of development of silver halide and nonsilver holographic recording media of organic and inorganic origin are analyzed. It is shown that previously developed materials mainly allow the development of holographic investigations. Among irreversible materials, considerable progress has been made in improving the characteristics of photopolymerizable recording media, which has allowed their use in color image holography and 3D optical archive-type memory, as well as for fabricating holographic optical elements. In the field of improving the properties of reversible holographic recording media, practically significant results have been obtained for the creation of photoanisotropic materials based on azo dyes experiencing cis–trans photoisomerization, which allow the recording of polarization holograms. The needs of dynamic holography have been satisfied by lightsensitive doped inorganic crystals and polymer layers that have been created with nonlinear optical properties.     

Unipolar and Subcycle Extremely Short Pulses: Recent Results and Prospects (Brief Review)

JETP Letters - In recent years, progress has been made in obtaining extremely short electromagnetic pulses up to single-cycle and unipolar half-cycle pulses. For pulses with such a dependence of...     

Light-Induced Dynamic Backscattering of Laser Pulses in a Randomly Inhomogeneous Media

Backscattering of high-power laser pulses in a randomly inhomogeneous media containing microparticles suspended in a liquid is treated theoretically. Relationships for the temporal correlation function of multiply scattered radiation, which account for acceleration of particles in the field of optical radiation, sure derived for the first time. A new method for determination of particle velocities based on correlation properties of scattered light is proposed.     

Transient Nutation EPR Spectroscopy of Condensed Media (Review)

The application of transient nutations in EPR spectroscopy of condensed media is considered. The main methods of formation and observation of transient nutations are presented. The laws governing this phenomenon in twolevel and multilevel spin systems and also in inhomogeneous broadening of EPR lines are described. Recent advances in the use of transient nutations to separate overlapping spectra, identify quantum numbers and quantum transitions, investigate the kinetics of photoinduced paramagnetic centers, and determine relaxation times for a wide range of crystalline and disordered media are presented.     

A General Framework for Localization of Classical Waves: I. Inhomogeneous Media and Defect Eigenmodes

We introduce a general framework for studying the localization of classical waves in inhomogeneous media, which encompasses acoustic waves with position dependent compressibility and mass density, elastic waves with position dependent Lamé moduli and mass density, and electromagnetic waves with position dependent magnetic permeability and dielectric constant. We also allow for anisotropy. We develop mathematical methods to study wave localization in inhomogeneous media. We show localization for local perturbations (defects) of media with a spectral gap, and study midgap eigenmodes.     

Use of IR Absorption Laser Spectroscopy at Nuclear Fuel Cycle Plants: Problems and Prospects (Review)

The main stages of the nuclear fuel cycle from extraction of uranium ores to disposal of radioactive waste resulting from the processing of spent nuclear fuel were briefly analyzed. A list of the most probable radioactive substances and toxic chemicals that can be part of emergency emissions at each stage of the nuclear fuel cycle was composed. The basic physical principles of local and remote IR absorption laser technologies for detecting radioactive substances and toxic chemicals in the atmosphere for solving some unique problems of environmental monitoring were considered. The analytical potential of the currently most effective laser technologies for atmospheric monitoring at nuclear fuel cycle plants based on the achievements of diode laser spectroscopy, cavity ringdown laser spectroscopy, and optoacoustic laser spectroscopy using diode and quantum-cascade lasers was discussed. Current trends in the development of laser technologies for atmospheric monitoring in different IR spectral ranges were analyzed.     

拉曼光谱在医学上的应用（Ⅰ）

本文叙述了最近拉曼光谱在生物医学应用上的技术进步，总结了拉曼光谱在生物医学上的应用，以及它在诊断和临床应用中的作用     

林火中的阴燃现象:研究前沿与展望

森林中的植物腐殖质和有机泥炭土的阴燃是地球上尺度最大的燃烧与火灾现象,造成了巨大的经济损失及跨国界的雾霾,并严重破坏了生态系统.本文综述了阴燃林火的基础燃烧理论和化学反应机理,总结了其点火、火蔓延和熄火的行为特性.同时,归纳了近年来泥炭阴燃火的研究动态,包括如何通过小尺度的阴燃实验理解大尺度的阴燃林火,如何构建阴燃的数...     

Inhomogeneous q-Differential Realization,Inhomogeneous q-Boson Realization of Quantum Group SU(n)q and Its Indecomposable Representations

An inhomogeneous q-differential realization (q-IHDR) and its corresponding inhomogeneous q-boson realization (q-IHBR) of quantum group SU(n)_q are studied. By making use of the q-IHBR a kind of infinite dimensional indecomposable and irreducible representations of SU(n)_q is studied on the q-Fcck space. The finite dimensional irreducible representations of SU(n), are obtained on the finite dimensional subspaces of q-Fock space. As an example, these representations of SU(2)_q are studied in detail and Jimbo standard irreducible representations are obtained.     

Inhomogeneous inverse differential realization of multimodeSU(2) group

The generators and irreducible representation coherent state of the multimodeSU(2) group are constructed by using the inverse operators of the multimode bosonic harmonic oscillator, and the inhomogeneous inverse differential realization of the multimodeSU(2) group are derived.     

Generation and Application of Broadband Biphoton Fields (Brief Review)

JETP Letters - Biphoton fields obtained in spontaneous parametric down-conversion are among the main tools of modern quantum optics. Temporal correlations between photons in the pair play a key...     

A Supercoherent State and a New Inhomogeneous Differential Realization of the SPL(2,1) Superalgebra

The supercoherent state of the SPL(2,1) superalgebra is constructed and its properties are discussed in detail. The new inhomogeneous differential realizations of the SPL(2,1) superalgebra are obtained.     

Adsorption of Hydrogels Based on Cellulose for Cu(II) and Ni(II): Behaviors and Mechanisms

Hydrogels based on cellulose-graft-poly (acrylic acid) copolymers (C-g-AA) were synthesized by graft copolymerization in a phosphoric acid solvent. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra confirmed the structure of the C-g-AA. The adsorption behaviors of the hydrogels for Cu(II) and Ni(II) were investigated. The results showed that their adsorption capacity increased as the initial concentrations of metal ions and the pH value of the solution increased. Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models were employed to analyze the data from batch adsorption experiments. The results indicated that there were very good correlation coefficients for their linearized equations. The maximum adsorption amounts of the hydrogels for the metal ions, based on the Langmuir model, were 182 and 200 mg/g for Cu(II) and Ni(II), respectively. When the initial concentration of metal ions was 1000 mg/g the actual adsorption amounts of the hydrogels for Cu(II) and Ni(II) were 181 and 183 mg/g, respectively.     

Magnetic Phases and Inhomogeneous Micromagnetic Structures in a Ferrite Garnet Film with Orientation (210)

Possible magnetic states of a cubic ferromagnet with a uniaxial anisotropy induced along the [210] direction are theoretically investigated. It is demonstrated that the orientation phase diagram of a magnet is nontrivial and admits the existence of three types of magnetic phases that differ in transformational properties and the presence of quintuple points, isostructural phase transitions, etc. It is found that magnetic inhomogeneities, regardless of the values of parameters of the matter, have a common structure: they correspond to 180-degree domain boundaries with a noncircular trajectory of the magnetization vector. The features of homogeneous and inhomogeneous magnetic states, found in these materials, make it possible to explain the manifestation of a flexomagnetoelectric effect in them.     

Simple Coherent State and New Form for Inhomogeneous Differential Realization of OSP(2,1) Superalgebra

The simple coherent state of the OSP(2,1) superalgebra is constructed and its properties are discussed in detail. The matrix elements of the OSP(2,1) generators in the coherent state space are calculated. The new form for inhomogeneous differential realization of the OSP(2,1) superalgebra is given.